{"id":10370,"date":"2023-12-04T16:54:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=10370"},"modified":"2025-07-10T00:15:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T17:15:50","slug":"startup-nhin-tu-thung-lung-silicon-den-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/startup-nhin-tu-thung-lung-silicon-den-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Startup – Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

STARTUP \u2013 NH\u00ccN T\u1eea THUNG L\u0168NG SILICON<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0110\u1ebeN VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi; trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

JOHN DOERR[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/em><\/strong>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch V\u00cc M\u1ed8T VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u00c2N GI\u00c0U N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1ea0NH do Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac Ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean v\u1eeba ra m\u1eaft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\u00a0Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch<\/i>\u00a0V\u00cc M\u1ed8T VI\u1ec6T NAM D\u00c2N GI\u00c0U N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1ea0NH<\/a><\/p>\n

Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf high-tech to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng startup v\u00e0 entrepreneur m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, mong t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Startup, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat v\u00e0 xung l\u1ef1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a startup, c\u00e1i khung v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 cho B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n? Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn sang nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 startup Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/strong>tartup, hay kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb startup mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng cty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi business c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong startup l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 innovation<\/em> v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/em>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro cao, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i cty n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960-1980. N\u1ebfu l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1 startup theo th\u1eddi gian, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, 60 tr\u1edf \u0111i, startup c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u startup sinh ra trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u0169ng m\u00e0y m\u00f2 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. Life l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t startup<\/em> t\u1ef1 n\u00f3. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, hay sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

TINH TH\u1ea6N GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, khao kh\u00e1t h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng sinh g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c VC l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cty \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng cty lu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Nhi\u1ec1u startup th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c startup t\u1eeb garage c\u1ee7a Hewlett & Packard, hay c\u1ee7a Wozniak & Jobs.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Google. Sau khi Page v\u00e0 Brin mu\u1ed1n cho thu\u00ea software c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4n b\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u1eefng h\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Yahoo!, Excite v\u00e0 Alta-Vista, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm\u201d, th\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty ri\u00eang<\/em>. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm v\u1ed1n, h\u1ecd may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y c\u0169 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi Andy Bechtolsheim, m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n\u201d. Bechtolsheim nh\u1eadn ra ngay ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u00e9c.\u201d \u00d4ng li\u1ec1n ra xe l\u1ea5y checkbook v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd s\u00e9c tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 100.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 cho \u201cGoogle Inc.\u201d. \u201cD\u1ea1 ch\u00fang em ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u1ea1\u201d, Brin \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i. \u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u1ecf v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u00e9\u201d. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc Porsche v\u00e0 Google ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u00e1ng 8, 1998, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ga-ra-xe \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Bechtolsheim l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, doanh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sun Microsystems n\u0103m 1982 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n r\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t 7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0m startup v\u00ec tr\u00ean h\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea, d\u00f9 cho t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh San Francisco l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Fortune 500, c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Khrushchev c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, v\u00e0 De Gaulle \u0111\u1ea7u 1960. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi IBM, DEG, v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cAnh c\u1ea3\u201d h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Apple ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i IBM gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 David m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Goliath. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c ch\u00e0ng David \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao thanh ni\u00ean v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/em> l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Phong tr\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, 70 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang \u1edf M\u1ef9, \u1edf v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Berlin, Ph\u00e1p Paris, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Tokyo, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau: bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00fat ch\u1ea5t LSD g\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb San Francisco l\u1ea1i \u0111am m\u00ea khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, trong khi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 m\u00ea tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh cho l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Lee de Forest chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn San Francisco t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1911, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c V\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Lockheed (1912), S\u00e2n bay Li\u00ean bang Moffett (1931), Tr\u1ea1m Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Onizuka (1960), v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/em>. Th\u00eam nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua moonshot b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi Sputnik \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1957, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC STANFORD<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Stanford, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa m\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California \u1edf Berkeley; c\u00f3 Cty Shockley Semiconductor, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1956 t\u1ea1i Mountain View c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc William Shockley ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Shockley l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nobel n\u0103m cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn transistor n\u0103m 1957. V\u00f9ng Cali c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1849. Ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, counterculture<\/em>, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\"\" \u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Frederick Terman, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, v\u00e0 Douglas Engelbart cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Stanford l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. GS Frederick Terman \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh Terman l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hai sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Hewlett v\u00e0 Packard sau khi \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eed nh\u00e2n n\u00ean ra l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea1c s\u0129 hay ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho vay ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n\u201d. Terman sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1951, v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p thu\u00ea. Nh\u01b0ng thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c. Stanford \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho sinh vi\u00ean sau khi h\u1ecdc xong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn Stanford l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c cty h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 hai ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> (Augmentation Research Center, ARC) do Douglas Engelbart l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con chu\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/em>, The Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL), do GS to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc John McCarthy ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec. C\u1ea3 hai lab n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 quan ARPA, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 DARPA. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 moonshot, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u00ec cho ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

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[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

SHOCKLEY SEMICONDUCTOR V\u00c0 \u201cT\u00c1M K\u1eba PH\u1ea2N B\u1ed8I\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00fa h\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Cty b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory c\u1ee7a William Shockley. Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh Francisco b\u1edd T\u00e2y, n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, g\u1ea7n Palo Alto n\u01a1i m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. \u00d4ng mang theo nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, do b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf \u0111i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cty m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 t\u00ean Fairchild Semiconductor, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c transistor b\u1eb1ng silicon thay cho germanium, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p IC, hay con chip. H\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cT\u00e1m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u201d. C\u00fa h\u00edch n\u00e0y h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u00fa h\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 con chip. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e1m trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Thung l\u0169ng Silicon.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00e1m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u201d (Wikipedia. Xem th\u00eam B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a bang California l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty khi ra \u0111i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi cty m\u1eb9. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb<\/em> ki\u1ebfn cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Fairchild bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Fairchildren, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac. Gordon Moore v\u00e0 Robert Noyce c\u0169ng ra \u0111i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Intel corporation. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cty m\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, c\u1ee9 kho\u1ea3ng 2 n\u0103m, s\u1ed1 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo h\u00e0m m\u0169, exponential. Transistor v\u00e0 con chip tr\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c startup s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chip v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nhanh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c startup tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng cao. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea5t l\u00ean, trang tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t kia. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh disruptive<\/em> \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay theo c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c startup l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i. Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, investment equity<\/em>. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i<\/em> (sweat equity). H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thua, n\u1ebfu startup th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i IPO th\u00ec qua \u0111\u00eam h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh multi-millionaire<\/em>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111am m\u00ea c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. Cho n\u00ean, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169. B\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea5t l\u00ean theo h\u00e0m m\u0169.<\/p>\n

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[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u0110\u1ed0I L\u1eacP<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thung L\u0169ng Silicon khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u s\u1eefa m\u1eb9. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh khoan dung, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, c\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t LSD, hay y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u2013 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khao kh\u00e1t t\u1ef1 do \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y trong h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng american way of life. V\u0103n h\u00f3a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, v\u1edbi Paramahansa Yogananda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Quy\u1ec3n Autobiography<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00ean Steve Jobs. Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u T\u1ef1 do<\/em> (Free Speech Movement) n\u0103m 1964 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Berkeley, nh\u01b0 \u2018ng\u00f2i ph\u00e1o\u2019 cho phong tr\u00e0o \u2018v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2019 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi, \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. \u201cH\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 trong nh\u00f3m s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Trung Hoa. T\u1eeb IC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cIndian-Chinese\u201d nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i n\u1eeda \u0111\u00f9a n\u1eeda th\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh quan li\u00eau c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a OECD n\u0103m 2012, \u201cthi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p 12 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d. L\u00f2ng tin trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu x\u1ebfp v\u1ed1n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, h\u01a1n B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Stewart Brand. \u1ede \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, Stewart Brand \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Danh m\u1ee5c To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em> \u2013 Whole Earth Catalog<\/em> –\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi – m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a Norbert Wiener v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Hewlett-Packard 9100A. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Buckminster Fuller, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh: \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i g\u00ec, h\u00e3y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.\u201d (Trong quy\u1ec3n Critical Path<\/em>). \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u201cn\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\u201d \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i c\u0169, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i c\u0169 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Stewart Brand, \u201cnh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng (84t) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i San Francisco. \u201cT\u00f4i nh\u00ecn \u1edf \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd TED Chris Anderson n\u00f3i.\u00a0 (Larry Busacca\/Getty Images)<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c trong gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho Steve Jobs sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, hay l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Danh m\u1ee5c To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/em> g\u1eb7p g\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ea1ng<\/em> (cyberculture), l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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NGH\u0128 KH\u00c1C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Think different)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0110\u00e2y, m\u1eebng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng \u2018c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n tr\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng\u2019, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o quy t\u1eafc, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u1ecd, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, vinh danh h\u1ecd hay ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, h\u1ecd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, v\u00e0 trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f9ng \u0111i\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

(Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Apple, 1997, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Brand mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tinh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t n\u00e0y. Brand l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t hai t\u1eeb “c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n” v\u00e0 “m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, WELL; \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Stanford<\/em> trong l\u1ec5 m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a n\u0103m 2005, Steve Jobs g\u1ecdi Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Google in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y 35 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Google ra \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d Tr\u00ean b\u00eca sau s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: \u201cStay hungrig. Stay foolish<\/em>\u201d – H\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng khao kh\u00e1t. H\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. \u0110i\u00ean r\u1ed3 v\u1edbi \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Steve Jobs nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford -nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00fang theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hippies \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00c0I LOAN & H\u00c0N QU\u1ed0C<\/span><\/p>\n

Xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam. Khu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo Thung l\u0169ng Silicon sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111i tham quan v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 first mover nh\u01b0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh, m\u00e0 second mover<\/em>, vai th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb first mover, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec first mover ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c cty thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (fab) s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip cho m\u00ecnh. T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc (imitation), gia c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (innovation). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 KIST, r\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m n\u0103m sau vi\u1ec7n KAIST cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 du nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c chaebol<\/em> t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd R&D t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i sinh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan, sau hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao m\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 khu T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty chip nh\u01b0 TSMC h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chaebol<\/em> m\u00e0 Park Chung Hee \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 xe c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00e1c chaebol<\/em> ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 chip.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m r\u00f5 khung c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c startup \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m startup c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o, v\u00e0 hai ti\u1ebfng \u201ckh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n Kim S\u01a1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i \u201cNg\u00e0y h\u1ed9i kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V n\u0103m 2023\u201d (SV_STARTUP 2023), tuy r\u1eb1ng \u201ck\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u201d. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i coi r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Coi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 gi\u00fap thanh ni\u00ean bi\u1ebft kinh doanh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tham gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 BKHoldings. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c startup c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1970 V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford<\/em> (Office of Technology Licensing) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (patent) cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em>, r\u1ed3i cho thu\u00ea (licensing). V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o startup. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ty sinh h\u1ecdc Genentech n\u0103m 1976 v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf DNA t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. Stanford \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng 4.000 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 4% s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1999 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y $200 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Sau Genentech l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Cisco, Yahoo!, Sun Microsystems, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Google. N\u0103m 2016, thu nh\u1eadp t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p <\/em>c\u1ee7a Stanford l\u00e0 $2 t\u1ef7, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u1ee7ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi Stanford. N\u0103m 2012, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a mang l\u1ea1i doanh thu b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng $28 t\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. D\u00f9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, startup, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Stanford v\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/em>.\u201d Stanford tuy t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh h\u1ed3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u201cki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

Startup theo ngh\u0129a kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c business nh\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng hy v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho startup?<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn startup, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, hay vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: B\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, r\u1ed3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 KIST, KAIST, hay c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng R&D c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chaebol<\/em>, trong khi \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ITRI) n\u1eb1m trong C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng ngh<\/em>i<\/em>\u1ec7<\/em>p<\/em> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <\/em>K<\/em>hoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac<\/em> HSIP \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, KH&CN chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tri th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e1y quay ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/em>, patent. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

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S\u1ed1 patent \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1edbi n\u0103m 12\/06\/2013 – 12\/06\/2023. Ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ASEAN. (Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Cty T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 IP Group. Th\u00f4ng tin ri\u00eang cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.)<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u1ee7a patent c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a startup. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 l\u00e2n<\/em> to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u<\/em> m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho k\u1ef3 l\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111ang c\u00f3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, know-how xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kho b\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t kho b\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/em> t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft: t\u01b0 duy l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh quan li\u00eau, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 KH&CN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng startup, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 startup, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng startup hay marketing s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9<\/em>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u0169. N\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7n KIST H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a TS Choi Hyung Sup. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai th\u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, startup Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u201cngu\u1ed9i\u201d b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, b\u1edfi thi\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/em> h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh Francisco trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 moonshot. \u0110\u00e0i Loan hay H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970-80 c\u0169ng \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a n\u00f3ng, trong khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. N\u00f3i chung, v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. S\u00e1ch v\u1edf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tri th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Choi Hyung Sup, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n KH&CN H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c KIST trong n\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc & C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KH&CN c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park Chung Hee, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 hai c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc: H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 b\u00e0i, thi \u0111\u1ed7, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em>. C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u201ckh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. Cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/em> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia. L\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cnho h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i status quo<\/em> qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111i\u1ec1u Francis Bacon t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u<\/em> m\u1edbi d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng <\/em>nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Wilhelm von Humboldt t\u1eebng n\u00f3i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/em> nh\u01b0 Fukuzawa truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. V\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a KH&CN \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u1ecdt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u201d (nerds), \u201clu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khao kh\u00e1t, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1i kh\u1edd\u201d, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00e3n l\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 Stanford, Berkeley, ho\u1eb7c Giao Th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Thanh Hoa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho kinh doanh. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, marketing. C\u1ea7n \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp c\u01b0\u201d t\u1ee9 x\u1ee9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c\u201d, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, \u00f3c khai ph\u00e1. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t quang lau s\u1eady h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, bi\u1ebft th\u00edch nghi, d\u00e1m qu\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi startup, xem th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a startup c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 qua m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng \u0111ang m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0m m\u0169<\/em> (exponential), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/em> \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1<\/em> (disruptive), h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u0169. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y<\/em>, nh\u01b0 CEO NVIDIA Jensen Huang n\u00f3i trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00e0i Loan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec m\u1edbi mong r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng \u201can b\u00ecnh\u201d trong c\u00e1i v\u1ecf \u1ed1c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. C\u00f2n bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa? M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Mong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, chung tay h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau, t\u1ea1o network, ecosystem, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia. \u201cH\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u1eddi Galilei c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u1eddi nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh. L\u1ebd n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3? S\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a homo sapiens<\/em> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n b\u1eaft, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong. Steve Jobs th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i homo th\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple, iPhone v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh 23\/4 \u2013 19\/6\/2023<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Netscape, Amazon, Google \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam<\/em><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Deborah Perry Piscione, B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>. Nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p TP HCM, 2021.<\/li>\n
  2. Alice H. Amsden, Asia\u2019s Next Giant. South Korea and Late Industrialization<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 1992.<\/li>\n
  3. Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. <\/em>S\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, chung v\u1edbi T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/em>, Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (Park Chung Hee). Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/li>\n
  4. —-, C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: <\/em>https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/can-mot-van-hoa-khoa-hoc-de-phat-trien\/<\/li>\n
  5. —-, T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em>: https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tai-sao-can-giao-duc-khai-phong\/<\/li>\n
  6. —-, Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em>: https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/giao-duc-nao-cho-tuong-lai\/<\/li>\n
  7. —-, KIST \u2013 Choi Hyung Sup v\u00e0 Park Chung Hee<\/em>: https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/kist-choi-hyung-sup-va-park-chung-hee\/<\/li>\n
  8. —-, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a CEO NVIDIA Jensen Huang<\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a CEO NVIDIA Jensen Huang<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n