{"id":10385,"date":"2023-12-16T20:19:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T13:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=10385"},"modified":"2025-04-17T21:07:41","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T14:07:41","slug":"mot-chuyen-tham-adam-smith-o-edinburgh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/mot-chuyen-tham-adam-smith-o-edinburgh\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Adam Smith \u1edf Edinburgh"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed8T CHUY\u1ebeN TH\u0102M <\/span>ADAM SMITH\u00a0<\/span>\u1ede EDINBURGH<\/span><\/h1>\n

V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A fictive conversation with Adam Smith<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(16. 12. 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adam Smith<\/strong>, t\u1eeb Wealth of Nations<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch (Wealth of Nations<\/em>), t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Tr\u1eddi \u01a1i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Smith c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m sao!<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00eam Ph\u1ee5c (Yen Fu)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Trung qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef Wealth of Nations<\/em> sang ti\u1ebfng Trung)<\/span><\/p>\n

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Adam Smith (1723-2023)<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> (1759) v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> (1776)<\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>. S\u00e1ng nay ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y 16. 12. 2023 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o (Symposium) v\u1ec1 Adam Smith \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 300 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, 1723-2023. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean tham d\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c anh L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd, Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Anh, V\u0169 Minh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng,<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt<\/span>, tham d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn vi\u00ean trong panel. <\/span>L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 danh nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i” c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Adam Smith. V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i khai s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh, “cold light”, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Adam Smith v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng T\u00f4 C\u00e1ch Lan (Xcot-len) th\u1eddi \u00f4ng <\/span><\/span>t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u01a1i \u1ea5m<\/em><\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Emma Rothschild, Harvard, v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i (wealth), \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (virtue) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do (liberty) cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t khoan dung<\/em>, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng (sympathy) v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, human nature<\/em>. Adam Smith c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Galileo Galilei, Charles Darwin, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt 200 n\u0103m, H\u1ea1t Higgs, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc quy t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eddi qu\u00fd anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3n xem K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith<\/em>, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Adam Smith. Anh B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o h\u00f4m nay, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111au l\u1ea1i n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc ph\u1ea3i v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. Xin ch\u00fac anh mau b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c. God bless you.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Adam Smith s\u00e1ng nay m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/span>\u00d4ng Adam Smith \u01a1i<\/em>, xin h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Adam Smith<\/span><\/p>\n

Tham gia h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o: GS Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Anh (M\u1ef9), TS Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng (M\u1ef9), GS. Edmund Malesky (M\u1ef9), GS L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng (Ph\u00e1p), GS Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (Nh\u1eadt), GS V\u0169 Minh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng (Singapore), TS Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh (Vi\u1ec7t Nam), GS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh (Vi\u1ec7t Nam & M\u1ef9), GS Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean (Vi\u1ec7t Nam), TS L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh (Vi\u1ec7t Nam), TS. V\u00f5 Tr\u00ed Th\u00e0nh (Vi\u1ec7t nam), TS Tr\u1ea7n Du L\u1ecbch (Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t), TS Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00fa Anh (Vi\u1ec7t Nam), nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n (Vi\u1ec7t Nam). Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n (gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"\u00a0\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 online t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i: GS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh, TS Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng v\u00e0 GS L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1m \u01a1n anh Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Adam Smith, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n anh em g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 \u00edch. Anh em c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac anh Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb N\u0103m M\u1edbi 2024 m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang.<\/span><\/div>\n
L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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T\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh NM Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0110H V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi t\u00f4i tham gia ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf Marrakech v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau c\u0169ng b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui s\u1edbm\u2026v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026xin l\u1ed7i ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c! <\/span>Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/span><\/div>\n
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Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u00f4i xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0110H V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Adam Smith, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau 100 n\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean A \u0111am S\u0129 Mi\u1ebft nh\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1edf c\u1eeda\u201d cho t\u00f4i tham gia s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Adam Smith v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh NM Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0110H V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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Ban T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c… \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1, cho b\u00e0i, t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m… trong ng\u00e0y H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Adam Smith. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho \u0110H V\u0103n Lang. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung, VL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t “s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh” v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt to l\u1edbn qu\u00e1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, g\u1ee3i \u00fd… c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c anh Xanh, H\u00f9ng, TV Th\u1ecd… th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1n K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu<\/em>. <\/span>Th\u00e2n ch\u00fac c\u00e1c anh c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a Gi\u00e1ng sinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Thay m\u1eb7t Ban T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c,<\/span><\/div>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Adam Smith l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 hay, qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p, qu\u00e1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 quen th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c a<\/span>nh Minh Th\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng “ph\u00f3ng lao” n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec “theo lao” cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, Ban gi\u00e1m hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho cho c\u00e1i venture r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Adam Smith m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eafm, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> l\u1eafm.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CHUY\u1ebeN \u0110I TH\u0102M<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xin m\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb \u0111i th\u0103m Adam Smith t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i Nh\u00e0 Panmure \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Edinburgh, Scotland, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, 1778 \u2013 1790, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 hai n\u0103m sau khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> (Wealth of Nations)<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 cousin Janet Douglas. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1691 l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc Panmure. N\u0103m 1778 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac Smith tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ee7y vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i quan. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef L \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Adam Smith. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 lui t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u00e0 Panmure gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. Smith m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 17. 7. 1790, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai t\u00e1ng trong s\u00e2n nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Canongate (Canongate c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf khu trung t\u00e2m Edinburgh) g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Panmure h\u00f4m nay<\/p>\n

May m\u1eafn, h\u00f4m nay c\u0103n nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng Adam Smith\/ Panmure House, to v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p g\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng. Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ea5m c\u00fang. Kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng ba ngh\u00ecn cu\u1ed1n, sau khi James Bonar l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p, La tinh, \u00dd, Hy l\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng da ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 Panmure gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri th\u1ee9c Scotland. Smith vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em>\u201d (\u201cI am a beau in nothing but my books).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[M\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i<\/em><\/strong><\/span>. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Edinburgh, c\u00f3 hai gentlemen Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m. V\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a trang Canongate g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u1ecd ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1y ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1850, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Smith \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia H\u00e0 Lan mang v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c Untersuchungen \u00dcber das Wesen und Ursachen des National Reichthums (Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 Gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia).<\/em> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a <\/span>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Max Stirner th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <\/span>n\u0103m 1846<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1882 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1888, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi hai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa l\u00e0 Eisaku Ishikawa v\u00e0 Shosaku Saga, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n tr\u1ea3 g\u00f3p d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ukichi Taguchi (1855\u20131905), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do. Trong cu\u1ed1n Kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/em> (1878) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Taguchi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 \u00e1i (self-love). Theo \u00f4ng, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.]<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Xin ch\u00e0o \u00f4ng Adam Smith. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mu\u1ed1n xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m \u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: \u00d4, ch\u00e0o \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng, r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua th\u0103m x\u1ee9 s\u1edf l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm. Xin m\u1eddi \u00f4ng v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i m\u00e1ng \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean gi\u00e1 nh\u00e9, v\u00e0 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i cho \u1ea5m r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: D\u1ea1 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n, \u00f4ng chu \u0111\u00e1o qu\u00e1. Tr\u1eddi Edinburgh l\u1ea1nh, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a TP HCM \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng nh\u00e2n sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 300 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u00f4m nay t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: That\u2019s great. R\u1ea5t vui, r\u1ea5t vui. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 250 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: N\u0103m nay c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 300 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean ph\u1ed3n vinh nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u1ecda. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng, tuy\u1ec7t qu\u00e1. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ea3. David Hume, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u201cL\u00fd t\u00ednh l\u00e0, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111am m\u00ea<\/em>\u201d (\u201cReason is, and ought to be slave of passions\u201d), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y soi s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia, hay l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean passions, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ednh, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hume qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n soi s\u00e1ng s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4m nay khi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean passion<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ednh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd passion c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u01b0 \u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt n\u1eefa. Abraham Lincoln c\u0169ng t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/em> t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/em>, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 passion nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn che l\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, hay \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i xin quay l\u1ea1i Ng\u00f4i\u00a0nh\u00e0 Panmure<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u00d4ng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Buccleuch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1764-66, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, t\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u1ee7y vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1778, v\u1edbi 600 b\u1ea3ng\/ n\u0103m, r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu h\u1ec9.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Xin ch\u00fac m\u1eebng \u00f4ng. Isaac Newton cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a X\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n Ho\u00e0ng gia. Ngo\u00e0i hai ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u00e1ng ganh t\u1ef5 cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 500 b\u1ea3n\/tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u r\u01b0\u1edfi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Scotland (t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n\/3.000 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh 1000 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean 100 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 VN hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n \/100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n); m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ed3n vinh<\/em> c\u00f3 1.000 trang g\u1ed3m hai t\u1eadp, b\u00e1n ra v\u1edbi gia 1,16 b\u1ea3ng Anh, v\u00e0 Nxb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 300 b\u1ea3ng ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Buccleuch c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Trung b\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng trung l\u01b0u \u1edf Scotland l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 30-40 b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho <\/span>m\u1ed9t n\u0103m<\/span>, th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m l\u1ea7n in, 1776, 1778, 1784, 1786 v\u00e0 1789. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch hay, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 hay 2000 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n in, th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 x\u00e0i cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng! V\u00e0 s\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0i ba l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i h\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Adam Smith tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Giles t\u1ea1i khu Royal Mile trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Edinburgh, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Scotland Alexander Stoddar, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Vernon L. Smith.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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G\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a David Hume, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1edfi Alexander Stoddart, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Giles<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00edt qu\u00e1, kh\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tri c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng? Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng tri th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u<\/em> \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>? \u00d4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u00f4ng David Hume, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng empiricist<\/em>, nh\u00e0 duy nghi\u1ec7m, d\u00e2n Scot c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. V\u1eady th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Glasgow nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Scotland, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Glasgow l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Glasgow l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Glasgow \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi phong ki\u1ebfn theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Calvin tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tan r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a l\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i do h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 cao \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e2ng, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Anh c\u00f3 di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecd \u201c\u0103n b\u00e9o u\u1ed1ng ng\u1ecdt\u201d, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecd ti\u00eau x\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00ec th\u1ebf k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u0103m lo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n \u00f4ng C\u00e1c M\u00e1c (Karl Marx) m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: V\u00e2ng. L\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00f4ng Marx \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng mong mu\u1ed1n \u201cc\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o, \u201cm\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Marx c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, Friedrich List, c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. Theo List, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp<\/em>, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo, ngay c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: D\u0129 nhi\u00ean List ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1 thu\u1ebf quan xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, hay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, hay Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m cho kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu xem n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 Napoleon t\u1eebng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o \u0111i h\u01a1n th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <\/em>(developmental state), can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 moonshot trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o<\/em> (entrepreneurial state<\/em>). Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, xin cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c: gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>, tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau l\u1eafm. T\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Adam Smith\u201d. Xin \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb l\u00e2u cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ec v\u1ebft \u201cnguy hi\u1ec3m\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u00e1i <\/em>(self-love), t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i <\/em>(self-interest), hay tham lam <\/em>(greed), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u201cphi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 \u00e1i, t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt, h\u00e0ng bia v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i \u0103n t\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ed1c gia. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ai tu th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i tu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hoang d\u00e3, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t to l\u1edbn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Rousseau. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a nguy hi\u1ec3m cho qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng “t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u” \u0111\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho qu\u1ed1c gia, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 \u00e1i, t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, sympathy<\/em>, l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa kia m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, loved, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, lovely. T\u00f4i nh\u00ecn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Newton, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft hay m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Glasgow, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Scotland l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 500.000, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Glasgow 2.500-3.000! \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Gothic v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung c\u1ed5, n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn hai ba tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng Smith, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9<\/em> cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed3n vinh, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/em>, t\u1ef1 do<\/em>, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng,<\/em> trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/em> gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u00e2n x\u00e1\u201d nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m. \u1ede c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n: S\u0129, N\u00f4ng, C\u00f4ng, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/em> gi\u1eefa Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. S\u1ee9c \u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u1eafm, hay c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 n\u00ean h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n danh nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebb, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n theo, g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi. B\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> (system of natural liberty) l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u00f4ng \u1ea1. Milton Friedman, m\u1ed9t Guru c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do \u1edf Chicago, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ra l\u1ec7nh cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng, Joseph Black and James Hutton, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n di ch\u00fac, thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0 t\u00edn, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: You know, \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh t\u00f4i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf Scotland, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Edinburgh v\u00e0 Glasgow, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. David Hume b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00e2n t\u00e9 xu\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i qua, \u00f4ng xin b\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o: ai ch\u1ee9 Hume l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n th\u00ec b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e2u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 n\u00e0i n\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Hume, b\u00e0 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, Hume ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i hai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kinh th\u00e1nh th\u00ec b\u00e0 m\u1edbi gi\u00fap. May thay, Hume \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai l\u1ec7ch, d\u00f9 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: \u00d4, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a David Hume c\u0169ng b\u1ecb n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. May n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ngay th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng su\u00fdt b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n sao cu\u1ed1n Lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> c\u1ee7a David Hume trong ph\u00f2ng \u00f4ng. C\u00f2n <\/span>Newton, t<\/span>h\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ra \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o. Khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khai s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng Smith, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb qu\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o. T\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u00f4m nay. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean g\u00ec cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith<\/strong>: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, qua h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u1ed3n vinh nhanh h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng shopkeeper\u201d. Th\u1ee9 hai, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, passionate, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, hay n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u1ecd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u1eef d\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean theo \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00fat th\u1eaft, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u xung l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean cho t\u00f4i g\u1eedi l\u1eddi th\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o nh\u00e9. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1ea5m \u00e1p. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m k\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o. Ch\u00fac Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mong, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 Panmure \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ea1i <\/span>g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u! Xin t\u1ea1m bi\u00eat.\/.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam (m\u1edbi \u0111\u0103ng):<\/span> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb Anh qu\u1ed1c<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed8T CHUY\u1ebeN TH\u0102M ADAM SMITH\u00a0\u1ede EDINBURGH V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng A fictive conversation with Adam Smith (16. 12. 2023) Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta cho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10385"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10385"}],"version-history":[{"count":114,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13173,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10385\/revisions\/13173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}