{"id":10627,"date":"2023-12-31T17:48:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T10:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=10627"},"modified":"2024-01-02T22:09:56","modified_gmt":"2024-01-02T15:09:56","slug":"bertolt-brecht-125-nam-1898-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/bertolt-brecht-125-nam-1898-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Bertolt Brecht 125 n\u0103m (1898-2023)"},"content":{"rendered":"

BERTOLT BRECHT<\/span><\/h1>\n

Sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 125 (1898-2023)<\/span><\/h2>\n

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Ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng ng\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u …<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Wir sehnen uns nach Hause, und wissen nicht, wohin … <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Joseph von Eichendorff<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\"\"\n

Bertolt Brecht 1937 (1898-1956) (New York Times. Credit: <\/span>Fred Stein\/dpa picture-alliance, via Associated Press)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m nay, 2023, Bertolt Brecht tr\u00f2n 125 tu\u1ed5i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u (1956), t\u1ea1i Berlin \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trang k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng t\u00e2m. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e2u trong t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd n\u0103m c\u0169 s\u1eafp h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u, d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Bertolt Brecht? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, hay ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u00e3 “s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng” v\u1edbi Brecht m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi. Hai trong ba ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1edd b\u00e1o in Ph\u00f9 Sa<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 trong sinh vi\u00ean “\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m”. M\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 im. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. Nay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n “s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt” v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng”, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 “con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du, B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan, \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m”? Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 bao khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ti\u00eau pha ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi! Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m t\u1edd Ph\u00f9 Sa<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. “Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00f4ng Spree\/Ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ‘\u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y’ t\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u01a1<\/em>.” Spree l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ea3y qua Berlin l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng th\u00eam. C\u00f3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. L\u00e0m b\u00e1o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 sao s\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p ai \u0111\u00e2u?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 d\u01b0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 “b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t” m\u00ecnh? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng b\u00ean trong. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00fcrgerlich<\/em> c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trung l\u01b0u, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u. Su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t TV. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng Peter Weiss (1916-1982), ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Peter Weiss nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc Peter Weiss, Brecht, Einstein, Maxim Gorki, Rosa Luxemburg, H\u00f6lderlin, Strindberg, van Gogh, Schlegel, Goethe, Schiller, Kafka, Tolstoi, Marx, Engels, Luk\u00e1cs, Gramsci, Jung, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. \u0110i la c\u00e0 h\u1ebft nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch c\u0169 l\u1eabn s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00fa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng si\u00eang n\u0103ng ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i “t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft”. Vi\u1ebft cho Ph\u00f9 Sa<\/em> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n. “C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u00e8m vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng l\u00fac l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u00edt th\u00ec gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u00f4i th\u00e8m vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t”, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ghi l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Heinrich Heine di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi ca. Th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qua; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb; N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ecb tha, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n len v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, toa xe l\u1eeda ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac run r\u1ea9y cho ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0m cho th\u01a1 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f3i than l\u00e0m cho chim h\u00f3t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i bay \u0111i, v\u00e0 m\u00f9i \u0111\u00e8n gas ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng thi v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Heine quan ni\u1ec7m v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t theo. Brecht l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 s\u1ed1ng b\u00fcrgerlich, cho n\u00ean d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean “\u0111\u1ed3ng minh” c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00fd t\u00ednh, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c giai tho\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, d\u00f9 \u1edf Trung Hoa hay \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat \u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u01a1. \u0110\u1ecdc \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n. Peter Weiss \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd: <\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Brecht, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u1ed7i xung \u0111\u1ed9ng (Impuls), m\u1ed7i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 (\u1edf t\u00f4i), l\u1edbn l\u00ean, th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u00f3c, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f9n m\u1eb1n tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00ea li\u1ec7t \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 Adam Smith n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u1edf Berlin, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tolstoi: “T\u1eeb 1877 t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh.”\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c, Brecht l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (Augsburg) v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Berlin m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong kh\u00f4ng khi v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c. Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ernst Bloch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Brecht mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y th\u00eam qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u00c1o. Ernst Bloch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Prinzip der Hoffnung (Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Hy v\u1ecdng)<\/em>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u1ecf qua T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c. Brecht c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 “cay \u0111\u1eafng” v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1956 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 58, c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Brecht, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i G\u1eedi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai sau<\/em> (An die Nachgeborenen) r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Brecht m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 in m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n, do Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 Phan Kim H\u1ed5 (qua links).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp post l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2023, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u00fat g\u00ec “\u0111\u00fang h\u1eb9n” v\u1edbi Brecht, n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t. Xin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9. H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u0103m m\u1edbi 2024. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi an l\u00e0nh, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Wahrnehmung\u00a0(Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c)<\/em><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

T\u00f3c t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hoa r\u00e2m<\/p>\n

Vui l\u00e0m sao<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 qua<\/p>\n

Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bia t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m cho M. (Epitaph f\u00fcr M.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea7y c\u00e1 m\u1eadp<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ecdp beo<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb x\u01a1i t\u00e1i<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi m\u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ea5y r\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Thay b\u00e1nh xe (Der Radwechsel)<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean\u00a0v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe\u00a0thay b\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01a1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111i\u00a0v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i<\/p>\n

Sao\u00a0l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c thay\u00a0b\u00e1nh xe<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3ng ru\u1ed9t v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (Die L\u00f6sung)<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n sao<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu (Schw\u00e4chen)<\/em><\/p>\n

Em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t:<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi t\u00f4i y\u00eau<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c (\u00dcber die Gewalt)<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1y s\u00f4ng \u00e9p n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng b\u1ebb cong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y phong<\/p>\n

Th\u00ec b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

B\u1ebb cong l\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, anh ta nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Brecht<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft<\/em>\u00a0(<\/em><\/strong>Es gibt viele Arten zu t\u00f6ten)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m dao v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1n, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ea1n, qu\u1eb5ng b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n h\u1ed9 t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n, tra t\u1ea5n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh, v.v. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt th\u1ee9 trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Marie A.<\/em> <\/span><\/h1>\n

(Erinnerung an Marie A.<\/span>)<\/p>\n

(Bertolt Brecht)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean L\u00fd d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y thu trong \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng xanh<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian \u00eam \u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0nh m\u1eadn non<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng tay \u00f4m gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ngon<\/p>\n

Xanh xao th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng t\u00ecnh son thu\u1edf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0m sao<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi h\u00e8 th\u1eadt tr\u1eafng m\u00e2y cao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i ta ng\u1eafm th\u1eadt l\u00e2u<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i<\/p>\n

2<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd d\u1ea7n tr\u00f4i<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u g\u1ed1c m\u1eadn ta ng\u1ed3i thu\u1edf nao<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh-b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi ra sao?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1edb g\u00ec th\u00eam<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y h\u00f4n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

3<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ee5 h\u00f4n c\u1ee9 ng\u1ee1 qu\u00ean r\u1ed3i<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eafng sao m\u00e2y t\u1ef1 tr\u1eddi xa<\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i theo ta b\u00ean l\u00f2ng<\/p>\n

M\u1eadn x\u01b0a ch\u1eafc v\u1eabn tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u0169 tay b\u1ed3ng tay mang<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y ch\u00f3ng t\u00e0n<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 theo l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 bay!<\/p>\n

Berlin, 10\/1984<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/span>Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111i \u1edf \u1ea9n<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

(Legende von der Entstehung des Buches Tao Te King auf dem Weg des Laotse in die Emigration)<\/span><\/h1>\n

(1938)<\/span><\/p>\n

Bertolt Brecht <\/span><\/p>\n

Phan Kim H\u1ed5 d\u1ecbch (<\/span>01.04.2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi tu\u00f4\u0309i \u0111a\u0303 70 v\u00e0 d\u00e2\u0300n y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

nha\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0300n tri\u00ea\u0301t cu\u0303ng mu\u00f4\u0301n ng\u01a1i tay<\/p>\n

v\u00ec trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a\u0303 suy \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ca\u0301i a\u0301c hoa\u0300nh ha\u0300nh nga\u0300y nga\u0300y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1eaft d\u00e2y gi\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

\u00cdt th\u00f4i. Ma\u0300 tha\u0300nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 n\u1ecd th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea9u thu\u1ed1c \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n h\u00fat v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 quy\u00ea\u0309n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1nh m\u00ec tr\u1eafng m\u1eaft \u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ch\u1eebng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Khi r\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng leo l\u00ean n\u00fai<\/p>\n

\u00f4ng vui ng\u1eafm thung l\u0169ng thoa\u0309ng qua.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 con b\u00f2 v\u00e2\u0303n ung dung c\u1eafm c\u00fai<\/p>\n

v\u1eeba g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf non v\u1eeba ch\u1edf c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec theo y\u0301 \u00f4ng b\u00f2 c\u01b0\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0309n nha.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng qua ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1<\/p>\n

vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ea5n \u1ea3i ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eaft ti\u00ea\u0300n c\u1ea7n khai thu\u00ea\u0301?\u201d – \u201cKh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 chu\u0301 b\u00e9 d\u1eaft b\u00f2 n\u00f3i, “\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2.”<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng vui m\u1eebng lu\u00f4\u0301ng cu\u00f4\u0301ng<\/p>\n

h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: “\u00d4ng c\u00f3 kha\u0301m pha\u0301 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u g\u00ec ch\u0103ng?”<\/p>\n

Chu\u0301 b\u00e9 n\u00f3i: “N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 m\u1ec1m khi cha\u0309y xu\u00f4\u0301ng<\/p>\n

chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng v\u01a1\u0301i th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee9, c\u1ee9ng r\u0103\u0301n thua khi thi gan.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp<\/em>)<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi b\u00e0y n\u00e0y, Brecht mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y Hitler l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thua cu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u1eecI NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI MAI SAU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

An die Nachgeborenen<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch: Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n, tu ch\u1ec9nh (nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 in m\u00e0u xanh): Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111en t\u1ed1i l\u1eafm!<\/span>
\nNh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3<\/span><\/span>
\nV\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n ph\u1eb3ng l\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi v\u00f4 tri<\/span>
\nAi c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hay tin d\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi th\u1ebf g\u00ec<\/span>
\nM\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ecf c\u00e2y<\/span>
\nC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>
\nV\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m<\/span> ng\u01a1 \u0111i bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 kinh t\u1edfm quanh m\u00ecnh!<\/span>
\nAi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111ang<\/span> b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n \u0111i tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1<\/span>
\nCh\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span>
\nB\u1ea1n b\u00e8 anh \u0111ang l\u00fac kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ebfng \u0103n, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y tin t\u00f4i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i may.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0m<\/span>
\n\u0110\u00e1ng<\/span> cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> no \u0111\u1ee7<\/span>
\nS\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eeba t\u00f4i ra \u0111\u00f3.<\/span>
\n(Khi may m\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ebft.<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta<\/span> b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: anh h\u00e3y u\u1ed1ng h\u00e3y \u0103n<\/span>
\nH\u00e3y vui \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3!<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i \u0103n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>
\nKhi m\u1ed7i mi\u1ebfng \u0103n<\/span>
\nL\u00e0 cu\u1edbp \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i<\/span>
\nV\u00e0 c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i<\/span>
\nL\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang kh\u00e1t?<\/span>
\nTh\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn u\u1ed1ng, v\u1eabn \u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft.<\/span>
\nS\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ghi hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m sao<\/span>
\n\u0110\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c giao tranh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i t\u1ee5c <\/span>
\nKh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i – s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i<\/span>
\nC\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n (\u0111\u1ebfn) b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/span>
\nL\u1ea5y \u01a1n ( \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>) tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n<\/span>
\nNh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n, qu\u00ean \u0111i, \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>
\nHi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo:<\/span>
\nQu\u1ea3 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111en t\u1ed1i l\u1eafm!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

II<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c<\/span> th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c<\/span>
\nC\u0169ng v\u1eeba khi n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh<\/span>
\nT\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u1eddi) \u0111ang b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n<\/span><\/span>
\nV\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 theo.<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua \u0111i c\u00e1i qu\u00e3ng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m<\/span>
\nPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0103n b\u1eefa \u0103n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn giao tranh<\/span>
\nT\u00f4i n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>
\nT\u00ecnh \u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau l\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3ng<\/span>
\nC\u00f2n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nh\u00ecn<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua \u0111i c\u00e1i qu\u00e3ng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m<\/span>
\nPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng,<\/span>
\nBao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i b\u00f9n l\u1ed9i,<\/span>
\nNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3n t\u00f4i cho t\u00ean \u0111ao ph\u1ee7<\/span>
\nS\u1ee9c<\/span> t\u00f4i nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4i, b\u1ecdn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span>
\nS\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00fang v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua \u0111i c\u00e1i qu\u00e3ng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m<\/span>
\nPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9.<\/span>
\nC\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch c\u00f2n xa, xa l\u1eafc \u0111\u00e0ng xa<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn r\u00f5 \u2013 D\u00f9 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u0129<\/span>
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua \u0111i c\u00e1i qu\u00e3ng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m<\/span>
\nPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

III<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c anh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng<\/span> l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng d\u1eef<\/span>
\nN\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm<\/span>.<\/span>
\nH\u00e3y ngh\u0129 k\u0129 khi c\u00e1c anh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>
\nNh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian \u0111en t\u1ed1i<\/span>
\nM\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>
\nV\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i – \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e0y \u0111i,<\/span>
\nQua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p. Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span>
\nKhi th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, l\u1edbp ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft:<\/span>
\nC\u0103m th\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n<\/span>
\nC\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t ta \u0111i<\/span>
\nGi\u1eadn d\u1eef s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng<\/span>
\nC\u0169ng<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee5c. \u00d4i! Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i,<\/span><\/span>
\nNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb<\/span> mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span>
\nM\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c anh, khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/span>
\nKhi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>
\nH\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>
\nV\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bertolt Brecht<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Brecht c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 Bertolt Brecht: G\u1eedi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai sau\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 Phan Kim H\u1ed5:<\/p>\n