{"id":11306,"date":"2024-04-13T20:34:05","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T13:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=11306"},"modified":"2024-04-13T20:34:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T13:34:05","slug":"dang-phai-o-phuong-dong-ozaki-yukio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dang-phai-o-phuong-dong-ozaki-yukio\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Ozaki Yukio)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea2NG PH\u00c1I \u1ede PH\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u00d4NG<\/span><\/h1>\n

Ozaki Yukio<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m (conception) c\u1ee7a phe ph\u00e1i (faction); nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 (association) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc (public affairs of state) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phe ph\u00e1i, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, thay v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia – nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c k\u00edch qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00f3c tay nhau l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng (clan cliques), ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, c\u1ea3ng, b\u1ebfn, vv. nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ngay c\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta, n\u1ea9y n\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m phong ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2026th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m (sentiments), c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u00faa phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, hay c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00f4ng tr\u00f9m\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tay ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.\u00a0M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia hay r\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ozaki Yukio<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Trong Ozaki Yukio, The Voice of Japanese Democracy<\/em>. Yokohama, 1918, tr. 93; hay trong E. Herbert Norman,\u00a0Japan\u2019s Emergence as a Modern State<\/em>. International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1948, tr.87.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Ozaki Yukio\u00a0(1858-1954)<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00f4t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft. Nay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3. Ozaki c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em>, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Princeton University Press xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh (May 1, 2001), v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 uy t\u00edn v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Marius B. Jansen.<\/p>\n

<\/h1>\n

\u273d\u273d\u273d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ozaki Yukio l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia t\u1ef1 do, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n 63 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n (1890\u20131953), l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u “V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn”. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Nh\u1eadt. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi M\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tokyo.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n non tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0n d\u01b0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ozaki g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Sinh ra l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t samurai nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Minh Tr\u1ecb, Ozaki \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan ch\u1ee9c trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Minh Tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi, Ozaki theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Keio c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa Yukichi, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1edf Niigata tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Yano Fumio. S\u1ef1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Yano, \u014ckuma Shigenobu, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y Ozaki v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c Ch\u014dsh\u016b-Satsuma, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1889, Ozaki \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh Mie v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gh\u1ebf trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 trong H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n trong 63 n\u0103m qua 25 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1953, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam t\u00e0i h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ozaki l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Satsuma- Ch\u014dsh\u016b v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u014ckuma, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ozaki \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u014ckuma, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1898 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi It\u014d Hirobumi trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau n\u0103m 1900, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ozaki kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 mang theo nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 chia tay khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ozaki \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tokyo trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb 1902 \u0111\u1ebfn 1912. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c t\u1eb7ng 3.020 c\u00e2y anh \u0111\u00e0o cho Washington, D.C. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. (Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Kishida Fumio trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng th\u00e1ng 4, 2024, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u00eam 700 g\u1ed1c anh \u0111\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.)<\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Jefferson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o tr\u00ean Tidal Basin<\/p>\n

Ozaki, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 80, v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. \u00d4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 khi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00e0n tay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n g\u00ec so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1950, Ozaki c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i Yukika \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7n, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ozaki \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng sau chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a li\u00ean bang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Immanuel Kant trong Zum Ewigen Frieden (V\u1ec1 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u0129nh c\u1eedu)<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng (1795).<\/p>\n

Ozaki Yukio <\/span>qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1954, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (Diet) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tokyo v\u00e0o n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ozaki Yukio t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ozaki, nay l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, Tokyo<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Tokugawa kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i t\u00ed n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean gonin-gumi<\/em>, nh\u00f3m n\u0103m h\u1ed9, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 kia, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eabn nhau, ai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n ai l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng! Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi Tokugawa c\u1ea5m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1i h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctoto\u201d (\u201cphe ph\u00e1i\u201d, hay \u201cb\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea3ng\u201d), t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Minh Tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ozaki \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra n\u0103m 1918, kh\u00e1 x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf. \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh\u201d nh\u01b0 Montesquieu t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m n\u0103ng t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, phong ki\u1ebfn, phe \u0111\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 b\u1edfi hai th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Mahathir Mohamad. \u00d4ng L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u \u00c1, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Kim Dae Jung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao nhi\u00eau hi\u1ec3m nguy, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. Kim Dae Jung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em> m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Sejong<\/em> \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Hangul <\/em>ri\u00eang d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi nho gi\u00e1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Hoa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. [C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim H\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y, m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eadp.] H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/em>, v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em>. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh b\u1edfi Kim Dae Jung. \u00d4ng Kim c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean “Prison Writings” (University of California Press 1925), nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong t\u00f9. \u0110\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 1, 2016, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00e1ng 4, 2024<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea2NG PH\u00c1I \u1ede PH\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u00d4NG Ozaki Yukio   \u00a0 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m (conception) c\u1ee7a phe ph\u00e1i (faction); nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 (association) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11306"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11306"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11370,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11306\/revisions\/11370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}