{"id":1133,"date":"2018-02-10T23:43:18","date_gmt":"2018-02-10T16:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=1133"},"modified":"2023-03-11T17:40:13","modified_gmt":"2023-03-11T10:40:13","slug":"nha-nuoc-doi-moi-sang-tao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/nha-nuoc-doi-moi-sang-tao\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

NH\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh & Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ed1 Xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <\/i>c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cho to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u2026. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 Euclid<\/i> quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 200 n\u0103m qua, t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i> h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eabn d\u1eaft\u201d cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, hay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ecf qua h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, cu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh danh cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 then ch\u1ed1t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m cho kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0<\/i> cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Xu\u00e2n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ebft. Xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 (ch\u1ec9) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

John Maynard Keynes<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. T\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau.<\/p>\n

Jeffrey Immelt<\/p>\n

(Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 CEO c\u1ee7a General Electric)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>, innovation, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y Xu\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u201ctr\u00e0 d\u01b0 t\u1eedu h\u1eadu\u201d, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cmua vui c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ed1ng canh\u201d v\u1edbi <\/i>b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u201ccao h\u01a1n\u201d: C\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: C\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>, th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. William Arthur Lewis, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1979 \u0111\u00e3 minh h\u1ecda: \u201cH\u00e0nh x\u1eed (behaviour) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch th\u00edch hay l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ngang v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n (entrepreneur), hay cha m\u1eb9, hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c tu s\u0129.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00edch nghi nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (the survival of fittest). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft th\u00edch nghi th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, s\u0103n b\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, 19, l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh sinh t\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, 13 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i> r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00fac quanh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 Peter Drucker nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in Gutenberg l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e2n v\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 t\u1ea1i Anh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng (factory). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao cho Anh qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u2013 ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau vong\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00fang 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 bao tr\u00f9m to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd x\u00f3a b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng samurai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cao nh\u1ea5t. Tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. C\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, sau khi b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Napoleon \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4ng n\u00f4, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kinh doanh, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith. H\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2212 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ee9c (Humboldt), t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 vua quan v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nho s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m quan che m\u1eaft n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d, hay \u201cb\u1ec7nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Singapore li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c con r\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng linh h\u1ed3n bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu thua k\u00e9m, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, tham nh\u0169ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Philippin ch\u1ec9 ra khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en\u201d kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p Fernand Braudel vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i sau c\u00f9ng, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay sao, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 dai d\u1eb3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i?\u201d N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, tuy \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Singapore; H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu th\u00eam \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean; Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c; Anh qu\u1ed1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Singapore, M\u00e3 Lai; Indonesia ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan; Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Nga. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Marx c\u0169ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \u201cTruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng\u201d. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e0y ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con r\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u201cth\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Singapore nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, xem n\u00e0y, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe hay \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4i ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd laissez-faire<\/i>, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m, c\u1ee7a Adam Smith (1776), c\u00e0ng \u00edt s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t; sang vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a; \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 can thi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a John Maynard Keynes:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 (ch\u1ec9) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m<\/i>. (nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i)<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Keynes nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch c\u1ea7u, duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tri th\u1ee9c cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh doanh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (entrepreneur). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201ct\u00e1o b\u1ea1o\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 minh h\u1ecda sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u201ccan thi\u1ec7p\u201d v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao gi\u00fap cho Apple c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 iPod v\u00e0 iPad ra \u0111\u1eddi (DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; DoE: US Department of Energy; DoD: US Department of Defense; NIH: National Institutes of Health (USA); NSF: National Science Foundation (USA); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research, Gevena) (Mariana Mazzucato, The Entrepreneurial<\/i> State<\/em>, “Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o”, 109)<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, v\u1ed1n t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb Abraham Lincoln, \u0111\u1ebfn Franklin D. Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u201cng\u00f4i sao\u201d c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u\u201d, l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i\u201d gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0103n, c\u00f9ng chia l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d (developmental state<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u201chuy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u201d v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i\u201d tr\u1ebb con (Mariana Mazzucato). Kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, Nh\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, theo Joseph Schumpeter, \u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u00e0, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u. (M\u00e0) N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng <\/i>t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong b\u1edfi lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u1edbi (new enterprise), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.\u201d \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao m\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng, hay c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, theo Schumpeter, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 theo Keynes, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng, hay nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u201cnh\u00e1t gan\u201d l\u1eafm. S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Keynes gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, tuy l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao then ch\u1ed1t, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 4.0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o. Nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, r\u00f4b\u00f4t. Nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e1c cty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n b\u1edfi m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. H\u00e3y xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Kodak c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng 100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ebf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: Ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh ph\u00ecnh to, ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u2018b\u00e1t c\u01a1m s\u1eaft\u2019, r\u1edbt ho\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ee1), b\u1ec7nh tham nh\u0169ng, b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch, b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0 duy \u201cnhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3\u201d. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Bill Clinton v\u00e0 Al Gore ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Putting People First<\/i> (\u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u) nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/i> trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i). Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh Washington. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n t\u1eeb n\u00f3. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, hay nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n entrepreneurial (\u2018kinh doanh\u2019 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o) nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ai, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng 100.000 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a, m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 426.000, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Kennedy (Aneesh Chopra).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang th\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/i> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u201cch\u1ea1y \u0111ua\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sao cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 4 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. TQ v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, ng\u00e0y nay k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n. Kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd \u0111ang trong c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngon mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u201ct\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00ecnh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00ecnh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 4000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/i>, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park Chung Hee khi \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> cho H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u 1960 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cb\u00e0n tay s\u1eaft\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng bay v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

NXX & PXY<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NH\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh & Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ed1 Xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[69,68],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1133"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9183,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1133\/revisions\/9183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}