{"id":11399,"date":"2024-04-20T21:02:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T14:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=11399"},"modified":"2024-04-20T21:02:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T14:02:27","slug":"cuoc-chien-vi-mach-chip-war-chris-miller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cuoc-chien-vi-mach-chip-war-chris-miller\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi m\u1ea1ch (Chip War, Chris Miller)"},"content":{"rendered":"

CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN VI M\u1ea0CH<\/span><\/h1>\n

CU\u1ed8C TRANH \u0110O\u1ea0T C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 QUY\u1ec0N L\u1ef0C NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI<\/span><\/p>\n

CHIP WAR<\/span><\/h1>\n

THE FIGHT FOR THE WORLD’S MOST CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em> CHRIS MILLER<\/span><\/h2>\n

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<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd… M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 – v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Paul Kennedy<\/strong>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft. Miller cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 an ninh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Robert Kagan<\/strong>, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao, Vi\u1ec7n Brookings, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1edd The Washington Post, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n The Jungle Grows Back: America and Our Imperiled World<\/em> (R\u1eebng m\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i: N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, hay s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, hay an ninh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Lawrence H. Summers<\/strong>, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 71 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (1999 – 2001) v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Charles W. Eliot, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Kinh doanh v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mossavar-Rahmani t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Harvard Kennedy. Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023, Summers gia nh\u1eadp ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p OpenAI.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con chip d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Miller hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026 Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t<\/span>t<\/span> \u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

— V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110an (Dan Wang)<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i Gavekal Dragonomics<\/span><\/p>\n

(Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0) thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng …. Chris Miller k\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-con-chip-th\u00fac-\u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn li\u00ean mi\u00ean – gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Daniel Yergin<\/strong>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer c\u1ee7a The Prize, The Quest, and The New Map<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Robert D. Kaplan, Niall Ferguson, Margaret O’Mara, Andrew McAfee, Admiral James Stavridis. Ngo\u00e0i ra s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vinh d\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

Financial Times<\/em>\u00a0Business\u00a0Book of the Year<\/span>
\nAn\u00a0Economist<\/em>\u00a0Best Book of the Year<\/span>
\nA\u00a0Foreign Affairs<\/em>\u00a0Best Book of the Year<\/span>
\nNew York Times<\/em>\u00a0Bestseller<\/span>
\n#1 on\u00a0Fortune<\/em>\u2019s Spring CEO Survey of the Best Book They\u2019ve Read in the Past Year<\/span>
\nWinner 2023 PROSE Award for Outstanding Work by a Trade Publisher<\/span>
\nWinner of the Arthur Ross Book Award<\/span>
\nShortlisted for the Lionel Gelber Prize<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Chris Miller d\u1ea1y L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Fletcher thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tufts. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng Jeane Kirkpatrick t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Doanh nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u00c1-\u00c2u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Greenmantle, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i New York v\u00e0 London. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\u2014Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Putin (Putinomics)<\/em>, Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean X\u00f4<\/em>, v\u00e0 Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y<\/em>\u2014v\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho The New York Times<\/em>, The Wall Street Journal<\/em>, Foreign Affairs<\/em>, Foreign Policy<\/em>, The American Interest<\/em>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng AB (Bachelor of Arts) v\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trang web c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i ChristopherMiller.net v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i anh \u1ea5y tr\u00ean Twitter @CRMiller1.<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/em><\/span>. Ph\u00e1t minh b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn transistor c\u1ee7a ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc William Shockley, John Bardeen v\u00e0 Walter Brattain ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1947 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Bell \u1edf Murray Hill, New Jersey, ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gh\u00ea g\u1edbm tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay th\u1ebf \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, l\u1eabn ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n tin. N\u0103m 1958 Jack Kilby t\u1ea1i Texas Instruments (TI) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchip\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, Robert Noyce (m\u1ed9t trong “t\u00e1m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i”) \u1edf Cty Fairchild Semiconductor ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chip gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 Kilby \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Noyce \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng silicon, trong khi chip Kilby l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng germanium. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con chip, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, r\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u, nay l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 transistor ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u1ea5u. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi m\u1ea1ch<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Chris Miller n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con chip.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con chip b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (l\u00e0m m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980), r\u1ed3i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, trong khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (Nga). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb<\/em> c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Park Chung Hee v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970-80.<\/p>\n

Xem<\/em><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i “k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u00e1n, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn con chip gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9-Trung chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau, khi t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t Cty s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, t\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t Cty Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng “con m\u00e8o bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft chu\u1ed9t”. S\u1ed1 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n in \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 4.000 thay v\u00ec 1.000 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho th\u1ea5y Cty Nh\u00e3 Nam d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u00a0 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. Hi\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0n, Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 Trung t\u1eeb n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. S\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10, 2022, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh b\u00eca c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o The Economist<\/em> v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1: M\u1ef9, Trung qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Uy th\u1ebf Silicon, cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con chip trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

S\u1eafp t\u1edbi, m\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n xem s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Cty Nh\u00e3 Nam. Ng\u00e0y 9\/4 v\u1eeba qua, TS D\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa H\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n C\u1eeb (C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a c\u0169) v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 con chip, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua M\u1ef9-Trung \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. TS D\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i li\u00ean quan<\/em>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ed m\u1eadt Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Startup, T\u1eeb Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac (Hsinchu) v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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S\u00e1ch b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 500 trang, gi\u00e1 b\u00eca 300.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

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M\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span><\/h1>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/p>\n

Chris Miller<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2020, t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c USS Mustin<\/em> \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a eo bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0i Loan, kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o c\u1ee1 n\u00f2ng 12,7 cm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam khi con t\u00e0u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qua Eo bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2012 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a. C\u01a1n gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y nam th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh qua boong khi con t\u00e0u \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ti \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u, H\u1ea1 M\u00f4n, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, xa xa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee1i trai h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang gi\u01a1 \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m l\u00ean v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u USS Mustin<\/em>, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 ng\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc m\u00e0u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, t\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh theo d\u00f5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean bu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng radar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u. Tr\u00ean boong, ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u \u1ed1ng ph\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn nh\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u0103n \u0111e \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00e0u USS Mustin<\/em> \u0111i qua eo bi\u1ec3n, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a \u1edf xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00e0i Loan, di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i lo v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Danh s\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3[1]<\/a>, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Danh s\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00ean l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Hoa V\u0129 (Huawei), g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, chuy\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. M\u1ef9 lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Hoa V\u0129 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang s\u1ebd s\u1edbm tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. L\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m Hoa V\u0129 mua chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa V\u0129 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Doanh thu s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Hoa V\u0129 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng con chip c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn<\/em> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o nh\u1eefng con chip silicon \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i cho thung l\u0169ng Silicon, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u chip nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y chi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia ng\u1ed3i sa l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cTh\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan Malacca\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2012 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2012 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, B\u1eafc Kinh quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phong t\u1ecfa t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb byte h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f9ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang d\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ri\u00eang v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat th\u1eaft chip c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, B\u1eafc Kinh s\u1ebd xoay chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1n c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi th\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 Washington hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u2012 t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u0169 trang \u2012 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f4ng ty ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng con chip n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ebfm khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con chip, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra. \u01afu th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chip v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1 trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng silicon khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 0. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi hai k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi n\u00fat b\u1ea5m tr\u00ean iPhone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi email, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 video tr\u00ean YouTube r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ed3m 1 v\u00e0 0. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111ang b\u1eadt (1) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft (0). M\u1ed9t con chip l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/em>, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c k\u00ed t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb ch\u00fang v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 0.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00e0u USS Mustin<\/em> ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean Eo bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed3 \u1ea1t linh ki\u1ec7n cho iPhone 12, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 doanh thu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi iPhone l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb chip x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chip kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 chip qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2m thanh, camera, v.v.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec Apple kh\u00f4ng<\/em> s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng con chip n\u00e0y. H\u00e3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 mua chip b\u00e1n s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: chip nh\u1edb t\u1eeb Kioxia, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; chip t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Skyworks, California; chip \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb Cirrus Logic c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Austin, Texas. Apple t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a iPhone. Nh\u01b0ng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i Cupertino, California, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng con chip n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o \u1edf M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Apple \u2012 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2012 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2020, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch m\u0169i t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c USS Mustin<\/em> v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n C\u00f4ng ty S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC). V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n chao \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t phong t\u1ecfa do m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng virus c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m nanomet \u2012 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 m\u00e9t \u2012 th\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TSMC l\u00e0 Fab 18 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00ea cung si\u00eau nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u1ecf, kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t virus corona, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ty th\u1ec3. TSMC \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u1edf quy m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Apple \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc iPhone 12, m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t chip x\u1eed l\u00fd A14 v\u1edbi 11,8 t\u1ef7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m silicon c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf Fab 18 c\u1ee7a TSMC \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0169y th\u1eeba m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2012 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m s\u1ed1 0 ph\u00eda sau, cho m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1 con chip trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc iPhone. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 11,8 t\u1ef7, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 4. N\u0103m 1961, t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam San Francisco, c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf Fairchild Semiconductor \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Micrologic (vi logic), m\u1ed9t con chip silicon c\u00f3 g\u1eafn b\u1ed1n b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con chip. N\u0103m 1965, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Fairchild l\u00e0 Gordon Moore nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i con chip s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i sau m\u1ed7i n\u0103m khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1edbi k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u2012 r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con chip s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u2012 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore\u201d v\u00e0 gi\u00fap Moore d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111eo tay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d, \u201cm\u00e1y t\u00ednh gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965, Moore \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u2012 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 1970, Intel, c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 Moore s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t con chip nh\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb 1.024 m\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng tin (\u201cbit\u201d). N\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u0111\u00f4 la, ch\u1eebng hai xu m\u1ed7i bit. Ng\u00e0y nay, 20 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 USB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 bit.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, khi ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi thung l\u0169ng Silicon, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho thung l\u0169ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, internet, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1y v\u00e8o v\u00e8o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m silicon. C\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Nobel. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chuy\u00ean gia chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ph\u00eda nam San Francisco \u2012 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u2012 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u00ed k\u00edp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kinh doanh xa r\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea1i California, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Stanford ho\u1eb7c Berkeley, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a California c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn thung l\u0169ng Silicon. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u01a1n n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi thung l\u0169ng Silicon. Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi con chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thung l\u0169ng Silicon ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i California. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u2012 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chip m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh theo k\u1ecbp M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi tham gia s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng Silicon. Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chip. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00e1p thu\u1ebf quan l\u00ean chip nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u2012 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n khi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi thung l\u0169ng Silicon, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng M\u1ef9. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chip th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u2012 v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Internet V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi<\/em> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0y nay, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng con chip tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn GDP c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2020 khi t\u00e0u USS Mustin<\/em> xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2012 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0i Loan, n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng con chip t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. TSMC c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con chip x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua chip s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC) v\u00e0 chip trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. Sau \u0111\u00f3, sang n\u0103m 2021, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n \u2012 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; b\u00e3o b\u0103ng \u1edf Texas, trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t phong t\u1ecfa m\u1edbi do COVID \u1edf Malaysia, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u2012 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf xa thung l\u0169ng Silicon ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu chip tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb Toyota \u0111\u1ebfn General Motors, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con chip \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m silicon. Khi Joe Biden v\u00e0 Angela Merkel h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t con chip \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1edf California v\u00e0 Israel thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ARM thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Anh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mua c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m silicon si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o silicon b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ba c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a California, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng con chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, con chip n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n cung s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00fat th\u1eaft: c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, c\u00f4ng ty. Kh\u00f4ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c con chip t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan cung c\u1ea5p 37% s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Hai c\u00f4ng ty H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 44% chip nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ty ASML c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 100% m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u00edm c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c con chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh, th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 40% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a OPEC c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 con chip v\u1edbi k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nanomet cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c cao. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e0i Loan n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1999 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh 7,3 \u0111\u1ed9 Richter. R\u1ea5t may, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip trong \u0111\u00f4i ba ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0i Loan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 17% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chip c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, hay thung l\u0169ng Silicon, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf chip nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y San Andreas.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 tranh gi\u00e0nh uy th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 Washington v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u2012 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u00f2n M\u1ef9 th\u00ec cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip \u1edf M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp TSMC, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 v\u1eabn coi Apple c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Hoa V\u0129 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung M\u01b0u sinh ra \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c; l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai; theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, MIT v\u00e0 Stanford; \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Texas Instruments \u1edf Dallas; c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p an ninh tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0i Loan th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 Washington mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chip, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec bi th\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch do ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0m chao \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n phong t\u1ecfa m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TSMC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m con tin cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cam go nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m hi h\u1eefu l\u1eafm m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p chip \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Washington \u0111\u00e3 coi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. Nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf ba l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, CEO c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y d\u00e1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tranh c\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean silicon.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111en th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Entity List, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u2013 ND)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN VI M\u1ea0CH CU\u1ed8C TRANH \u0110O\u1ea0T C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 QUY\u1ec0N L\u1ef0C NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI CHIP WAR THE FIGHT FOR THE WORLD’S MOST CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 CHRIS MILLER   R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd… M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11399"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11399"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11450,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11399\/revisions\/11450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}