{"id":11923,"date":"2024-09-08T21:55:43","date_gmt":"2024-09-08T14:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=11923"},"modified":"2024-09-08T21:55:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T14:55:43","slug":"bat-cap-cua-he-thong-bau-cu-o-hoa-ky-phan-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/bat-cap-cua-he-thong-bau-cu-o-hoa-ky-phan-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (Ph\u1ea7n II)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #808000\">B\u1ea4T C\u1eacP C\u1ee6A H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG B\u1ea6U C\u1eec \u1ede HOA K\u1ef2<\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #808000\">V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG H\u1ec6 QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A N\u00d3<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Khi \u201c<em>Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u S\u1ed1<\/em>\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c<em>S\u1ef1<\/em>\u00a0<em>Th\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1<\/em>\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">PH\u1ea6N II<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><em>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Xin g\u1eedi anh ch\u1ecb Ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. L\u1ea7n I \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kaefR4tfNV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/bat-cap-cua-he-thong-bau-cu-o-hoa-ky-phan-i\/\">B\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (Ph\u1ea7n I)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;B\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (Ph\u1ea7n I)&#8221; &#8212; B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh\" src=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/bat-cap-cua-he-thong-bau-cu-o-hoa-ky-phan-i\/embed\/#?secret=76FALnYpdS#?secret=kaefR4tfNV\" data-secret=\"kaefR4tfNV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 36pt;font-family: 'comic sans ms', sans-serif\">T<\/span>\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Abraham Lincoln nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m nay \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t &#8220;thanh ni\u00ean t\u00e1ch g\u1ed7\u201d (Railsplitter), l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u00f3ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a n\u0103m 1860, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u0103m 1861 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 16 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Lincoln l\u00e0 con <em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1-h\u1ecdc<\/em> (self-taught), v\u00e0 <em>t\u1ef1-l\u1eadp th\u00e2n<\/em> (self-made) v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. \u00d4ng <em>ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/em> b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t college, hay academy v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 40, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch <i><a href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/euclid-co-so-cua-hinh-hoc\/\">C\u1edf s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Euclid<\/a><\/i>, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Lincoln l\u00e0 con chim \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 <em>n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng<\/em>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i giang san, l\u00e0m cho\u00a0<i>T\u1ef1 do<\/i>,\u00a0<i>B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/i>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 long tr\u1ecdng ghi v\u00e0o B\u1ea3n\u00a0<i>Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/i>\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000080\">Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 linh c\u1ea3m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh vi\u00ean Trung h\u1ecdc Springfield l\u00fac \u00f4ng 28 tu\u1ed5i hay sao? Abraham Lincoln n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng vinh quang c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y vinh quang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng? Ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khao kh\u00e1t g\u00ec xa h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, hay trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed, hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng. Sao, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t Alexander, m\u1ed9t Ceasar, hay Napoleon ch\u0103ng? Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i cao ng\u1ea5t xem th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd khai ph\u00e1. H\u1ecd\u00a0<i>kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/i>\u00a0trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t hai chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd\u00a0<i>t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i<\/i>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 vinh quang. H\u1ecd\u00a0<i>gh\u00e9t<\/i>\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\u00a0<i>b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9<\/i> ai kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd khao kh\u00e1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. (Trong di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a <em>Abraham Lincoln<\/em> ttr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Springfield bang Illinois n\u0103m 1838, l\u00fac \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 28t. Xem <em><a href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dien-van-nam-hoc-moi\/\">Di\u1ec3n v\u0103n n\u0103m h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi<\/a><\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft, l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng t\u00e2m. Xin xem m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1861: m\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 bung xung m\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9yaRvERmWx\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/abraham-lincoln-phac-hoa-tieu-su\/\">Abraham Lincoln: Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Abraham Lincoln: &lt;i&gt;Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed&lt;\/i&gt;&#8221; &#8212; B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh\" src=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/abraham-lincoln-phac-hoa-tieu-su\/embed\/#?secret=rwpFDmoWB0#?secret=9yaRvERmWx\" data-secret=\"9yaRvERmWx\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">PH\u1ea6N II<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nay \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cTh\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u1eaft h\u1eb3n ch\u00fang ta ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 4 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n (Senate) v\u1edbi 100 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (TNS) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 6 n\u0103m, H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n (House of Representatives) v\u1edbi 435 h\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (HNS) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2 n\u0103m. \u1ede c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c (Governor) v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang, r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, qu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t vvv.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a Hoa k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\"> Nh\u1eefng B\u1ea5t C\u1eadp C\u1ee7a Th\u1ec3 Th\u1ee9c B\u1ea7u C\u1eed T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng B\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1eed Tri<\/span> <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c C\u1eed Tri \u0110o\u00e0n (Electoral College ) bao g\u1ed3m 538 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1eed Tri (\u0110CT) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang (s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau). Theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean (\u01afCV) n\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 270 \u0110CT th\u00ec th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 4 n\u0103m. \u00a0\u0110i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0110CT n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qui ch\u1ebf\u00a0 \u201c<em>W<\/em><em>inner <\/em><em>T<\/em><em>akes <\/em><em>A<\/em><em>ll<\/em>\u201d hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n gi\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0110CT v\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf \u201cth\u1eafng \u0103n c\u1ea3\u201d, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t 1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n sau trong \u0111\u00f3 3 \u01afCV cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang (TB) c\u00f3 10 \u0110CT. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a 3 \u01afCV nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i TB n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 33.3-33.3-33.4%. Theo qui ch\u1ebf \u201cth\u1eafng \u0103n c\u1ea3\u201d th\u00ec \u01afCV c\u00f3 33.4% s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd h\u1ed1t tr\u1ecdn 10 \u0110CT (100%) \u1edf TB n\u00e0y, trong khi 2 \u01afCV kia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng c\u1eed. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1eafng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m phi\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t TB m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01afCV t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng c\u1eed d\u00f9 thua v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n li\u00ean bang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c TB l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. N\u0103m 2000 \u01afCV Al Gore c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng DC th\u1eafng \u01afCV G.W Bush c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng CH h\u01a1n <em>553 ng\u00e0n<\/em> <em>phi\u1ebfu<\/em> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thua <em>537 phi\u1ebfu<\/em> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf TB Florida, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 25 \u0110CT c\u1ee7a TB Florida, khi\u1ebfn \u01afCV G. W. Bush gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 271 phi\u1ebfu \u0110CT, qu\u00e1 1 phi\u1ebfu \u0110CT c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2000 [1].<\/p>\n<p>Qui ch\u1ebf \u201cth\u1eafng \u0103n c\u1ea3\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0110CT ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0110CT c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1eed tri \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0110CT c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qui ch\u1ebf \u201cth\u1eafng \u0103n c\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cThi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb\u201d b\u00ean nh\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p trong 2 k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 2000 (G.W Bush th\u1eafng c\u1eed d\u00f9 thua Al Gore h\u01a1nn 500 ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfu) v\u00e0 2016 (Donal Trump th\u1eafng c\u1eed d\u00f9 thua Hillary Clinton h\u01a1n 3 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0110CT trong b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (National Popular Votes). Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c TB Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, California, Illinois, New York [2]. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c TB n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea7u cho \u01afCV \u0111\u1ea3ng DC trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang. Tuy v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t Tu Ch\u00ednh \u00c1n (TCA) s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t TCA l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf \u201cth\u1eafng \u0103n c\u1ea3\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra \u01afCV t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng cho cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (general election) cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 3 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 11. Do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1ea3ng DC, qui ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng DC trong 2 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m 2016 v\u00e0 2020. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ea3ng DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0\u00a0 do qui t\u1eafc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh trong lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c CT\u0110.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1eed tri \u0111o\u00e0n &#8211; CT\u0110\u00a0 (Electoral College) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o, \u00edt h\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (\u0111a s\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin L\u00e0nh) m\u1edbi li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i. L\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, tai n\u1ea1n, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n vv n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o d\u00e1m li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng ra \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecd. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o M\u1ef9. Kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n tin t\u1ee9c\u00a0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng ra k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 di d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n sang M\u1ef9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gan d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang Hoa k\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (democratic experiment) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn do c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u1eed tri \u00edt h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c ngh\u0129 ra th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c c\u1eed tri \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri (\u0110CT) b\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u2013 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn (The Constitutional Convention) n\u0103m 1787 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang Virginia (Virginia Plan) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, theo \u0111\u00f3 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i do d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi tranh lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd do \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi ph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00e1nh l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Hamilton \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang \u00edt d\u00e2n lo ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00ed do v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri v\u1eabn \u0111i b\u1ea7u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu &#8211; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea7u ra c\u00e1c \u0110CT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c TB, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0110CT n\u00e0y m\u1edbi b\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 538 \u0110CT hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 li\u00ean bang: 100 TNS + 435 HNS v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961 c\u00f3 tu ch\u00ednh \u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p District of Columbia bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Washington (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Washington D.C) c\u00f3 th\u00eam 3 \u0110CT [3]. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 Washington D.C d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 1 ti\u1ec3u bang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0110CT t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 3 (s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00eam \u1edf sau). Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0110CT c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham nh\u0169ng, \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (QH) v\u00e0 C\u1eed tri \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. \u00a0Qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a QH cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, tr\u00fang c\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tham nh\u0169ng (corrupt).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, C\u1eed tri \u0110o\u00e0n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0110CT b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u li\u00ean bang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u do d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u ra TT cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1eeba d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u ra) v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ecf ra l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi,\u00a0 qu\u00e1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y nay c\u1eed tri khi \u0111i b\u1ea7u TT kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 \u0110CT \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ra TT, d\u1eabu v\u1eady, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7u ra c\u00e1c \u0110CT t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0110CT v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u201cTh\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n sau \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0110CT cho c\u00e1c TB. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p qui \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 \u0110CT c\u1ee7a 1 TB l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u li\u00ean bang, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 TNS + HNS c\u1ee7a TB \u0111\u00f3. \u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 qua \u1edf tr\u00ean, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i TB d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4ng hay \u00edt d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi 2 TNS. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u \u1edf H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean bang, c\u00e1c HNS l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 435 c\u00e1c HNS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 theo d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng TB, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 TB c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u HNS. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u1eed tri c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi TB \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 TV v\u00e0 HV. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi TB d\u00f9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t HNS (v\u00e0 2 TNS nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean). V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1eed tri. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec qui \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 \u0110CT \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c TB trong b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT M\u1ef9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang d\u00f9 \u00edt d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 2 TNS v\u00e0 1 HNS, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i TB c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 \u0110CT trong c\u1eed tri \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea7u ra TT. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 Alaska (d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ~ 600 ng\u00e0n), Wyoming (d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ~ 560 ng\u00e0n), 1 \u0110CT \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng 200 ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n (Alaska) hay kho\u1ea3ng 180 ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n (Wyoming) trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang kh\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 500-600 ng\u00e0n. Ri\u00eang California v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t ~ 40 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 1 \u0110CT \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng 700 ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec theo \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Washington D.C d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi 3 \u0110CT.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0110CT tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f4 l\u00fd c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1eabn tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u1ea3 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110CT b\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng! Do b\u1edfi TB ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 2 TNS v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 HNS. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00ed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0110CT trong th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT c\u1ee7a \u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0110CT n\u00f3i tr\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT M\u1ef9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean &#8220;phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7&#8221;, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2016. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 5 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng CH ch th\u1eafng \u0111a s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 1 l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t (2004: Bush &#8211; Kerry) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1eafng c\u1eed TT \u0111\u1ebfn 3 l\u1ea7n (2000, 2004 v\u00e0 2016). N\u0103m 2000 Bush thua Al Gore 553 ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, n\u0103m 2016 \u00f4ng Trump thua b\u00e0 Clinton h\u01a1n 2.87 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1eafng c\u1eed TT. L\u00ed do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u TB d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c TB l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ea7u cho CH v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady <em>t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0110CT tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ea3ng CH d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT \u1edf M\u1ef9. Do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c TB d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung b\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ea3ng CH n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng CH lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1eed tri \u0111o\u00e0n. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c TB n\u00e0y\u00a0 c\u00f2n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c TB c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo 2 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c\u00a0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c TB \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc 2 b\u1edd duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u01afCV \u0111\u1ea3ng DC (v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi TB DC \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u xanh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TB DC (m\u00e0u xanh) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TB CH (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c TB xanh th\u00ec kh\u00e1 \u00edt so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c TB \u0111\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu \u0110CT c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TB \u0111\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c TB xanh. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea3ng CH 1-2% phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec UWCV c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng DC g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1eafng TT, ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n 3-4% m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u0103m 2016 b\u00e0 Hillary Clinton th\u1eafng \u00f4ng Trump h\u01a1n 2.87 tri\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 phi\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 2.1%) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thua, c\u00f2n n\u0103m 2020, \u00f4ng Biden th\u1eafng 7 tri\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (4.5%) nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chung cu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1 s\u00edt sao. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u00edt sao n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang tranh ch\u1ea5p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u1edf Arizona (11 \u0110CT), Georgia (16 \u0110CT) v\u00e0 Wincosin (10 \u0110CT) \u00f4ng Biden th\u1eafng ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 0.3%. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng Trump th\u1eafng \u1edf c\u1ea3 3 TB n\u00e0y n\u0103m 2020 (d\u00f9 v\u1eabn thua 7 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c TB kh\u00e1c)\u00a0 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu \u0110CT cho Biden-Trump l\u00e0 269-269. C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Trump th\u1eafng c\u1ea3 3 TB n\u00e0y n\u0103m 2016 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 cao, 4-5% \u1edf Arizona v\u00e0 Georgia, n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, thay v\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 306\/232 \u0110CT nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ed1 \u0110CT cho 2 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 269-269. Khi \u0111\u00f3 theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n (HV) s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n x\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn TT v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t TB s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Trump s\u1ebd th\u1eafng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng CH n\u1eafm 27 TB \u1edf h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n (27 phi\u1ebfu) trong khi \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ch\u1ec9 n\u1eafm 22 TB (22 phi\u1ebfu) v\u00e0 TB Pennsylvanis c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 HNS DC b\u1eb1ng CH 9-9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f2n k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 DC \u1edf HV l\u00e0 232 trong khi CH ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 197 HNS, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec CH v\u1eabn th\u1eafng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f9 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn 7 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec Biden v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thua cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 40 ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf 3 TB n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Hoa k\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t chi l\u00e0 mong manh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0110CT n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb khi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean TT trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 d\u00f9 thua cu\u1ed9c v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00f9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u0103m 2000 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u00f2an li\u00ean bang nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 thua 537 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean 7 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang Florida,\u00a0 \u00f4ng Al Gore v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thua cu\u1ed9c sau khi t\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i phi\u1ebfu \u1edf Florida. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT: 537 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t TB Florida c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n 553 ng\u00e0n phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c TB kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 2016, b\u00e0 Clinton th\u1eafng g\u1ea7n 3 tri\u1ec7u phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng thua phi\u1ebfu \u0110CT v\u00e0 ngay s\u00e1ng 4\/11 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng \u00f4ng Trump th\u1eafng c\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng phi l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0y. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Tu Ch\u00ednh \u00c1n (TCA) v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng sau h\u01a1n 240 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Hoa k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 27 TCA m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c TCA. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay khi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111ang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0110CT \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng c\u1eed TT th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t TCA nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u00a0qu\u00f4\u0301c h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u bang d\u00f9 b\u00e9 hay l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi 2 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (TNS) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 6 n\u0103m. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 50 ti\u1ec3u bang th\u00ec c\u00f3 100 TNS \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 435 h\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (HNS) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2 n\u0103m. C\u1ee9 2 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 435 gh\u1ebf\u00a0 \u1edf H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 gh\u1ebf \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eeb b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1eed tri h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu duy nh\u1ea5t (phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng) b\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a b\u1ea7u c\u1eed theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng c\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01afCV kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cb\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i TB d\u00f9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt hay \u0111\u00f4ng bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 TNS li\u00ean bang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cth\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 qui ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong> Qui<\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\"> Ch\u1ebf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n Li\u00ean Bang V\u1edbi 2 TNS cho M\u1ed7i Ti\u1ec3u Bang<\/span> <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng qui ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n v\u1eeba duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (Majority Rule) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Thomas Jefferson, v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 3 trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1801 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u201d\u2026 c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf, \u2026 r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Qui ch\u1ebf 2 TNS cho m\u1ecdi TB v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c Hoa k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trao cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c TB n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o li\u00ean bang. Nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u1ecf lo s\u1ee3 khi gia nh\u1eadp li\u00ean bang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c TB c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u bang t\u1eebng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Anh, T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai vi\u1ec7n, H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n (HV) v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n (TV) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a HV theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a TV \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u1ecf &#8211; kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111e d\u1ecda ly khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu 5\u20134 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p Connecticut quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang &#8211; b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u &#8211; s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi hai th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u2018<em>Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u S\u1ed1\u2019<\/em>, c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i TB d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (TNS). Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u bang d\u00f9 \u00edt d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 h\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (HNS). M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t TNS c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng qua th\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 60 TNS \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh filibuster \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u01a1c \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1edf TV th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch trong kho\u1ea3ng 52\/48 \u0111\u1ebfn 55\/45, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac tr\u00ean 60\/40 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfm. V\u00ec s\u1ed1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch TNS gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng DC v\u00e0 CH qu\u00e1 \u00edt n\u00ean l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng TNS c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1eed tri nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri \u1edf c\u00e1c TB nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u1eed tri. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u201cTh\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a S\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cQuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u S\u1ed1\u201d do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111ep. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5, m\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c TNS b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tru\u1ea5t b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c si\u00eau quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang nh\u1ecf &#8211; nay quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y 1 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 TV c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1 c\u01a1 quan phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u1ea3ng CH d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 44-46% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eafm 54-55 gh\u1ebf TNS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm 54-55% TV. N\u1ebfu xu th\u1ebf d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2040, 70 TNS Hoa k\u1ef3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u00ean cho 30% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong khi \u0111\u00f3 30 TNS s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 70% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Hoa k\u1ef3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y nay [4].<\/p>\n<p>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t TV Hoa k\u1ef3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a TQ. Nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n \u2013 c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p quan trong nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c TNS \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u1eebng 30-40% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1eafm nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c si\u00eau quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p trong m\u00f4t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed TT v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n Hoa k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1eed tri tr\u1ebb bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng DC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cTh\u1eafng \u0102n c\u1ea3\u201d trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u1ee8CV TT trong \u0111\u1ea3ng DC n\u0103m 2016 v\u00e0 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed h\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 (HNS) li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm gh\u1ebf HNS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n Chia Ranh Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba H\u1ea1t B\u1ea7u C\u1eed &#8211; C\u00e1ch Chi\u1ebfm \u0110o\u1ea1t Gh\u1ebf H\u1ee3p Ph\u00e1p <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed &#8211; d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n c\u1eed li\u00ean bang nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c do c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 10 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cchi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t\u201d gh\u1ebf \u1edf h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n m\u00f4t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Theo lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, c\u1ee9 10 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (2000, 2010, 2020 vv\u2026) c\u00e1c TB ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eed tri v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t gh\u1ebf d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201cv\u1ebd l\u1ea1i\u201d ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3ng CH \u1edf TB North Carolina \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 gh\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 13 gh\u1ebf HNS (77%) n\u0103m 2018 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafng 2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 2020 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea3ng CH thua t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u 1.66% nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 tr\u00ean 13 (66%) gh\u1ebf [5]. \u00a0M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 TB Pennsylvania v\u1edbi 18 gh\u1ebf HNS. N\u0103m 2012 sau khi v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3ng CH th\u1eafng 13\/18 (72%) d\u00f9 thua t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 49\/51% tr\u00ean to\u00e0n TB [6]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 phi l\u00fd n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a cho ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 9\/9 cho 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2020 [7]. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec3u bang Wisconsin n\u0103m 2018, \u0111\u1ea3ng CH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 45 % s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 66 gh\u1ebf tr\u00ean 99 gh\u1ebf (66.7%) trong khi \u0111\u1ea3ng DC thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 53% s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 33 gh\u1ebf (33.3%) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i [8].<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2021) vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2022 \u1edf 16 TB \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia xong th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng CH s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 gh\u1ebf \u1edf H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi [9], \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ea3ng CH gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o HV hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 221\/213 (DC\/CH) v\u1edbi 1 gh\u1ebf b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2022 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CH s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e0nh \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c TB \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n chia [9].<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00ec sao ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gh\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t 1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 1TB c\u00f3 200 c\u1eed tri, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1edfi 20 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 1 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 10 c\u1eed tri. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 100 c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u cho DC (m\u00e0u xanh) v\u00e0 100 c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u cho CH (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf), v\u00e0 TB n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 gh\u1ebf HNS, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gh\u1ebf c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 50 c\u1eed tri (5 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n). H\u00ecnh A cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia b\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 50 c\u1eed tri. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 2 HNS c\u1ee7a DC (xanh) v\u00e0 2 HNS c\u1ee7a CH (\u0111\u1ecf) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan 50-50% s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1eed tri b\u1ea7u cho 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 \u1edf h\u00ecnh B th\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3ng CH s\u1ebd c\u00f3 3 HNS (75%) v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu 50% b\u1ea7u cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11924\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/09\/Anh-Phan-II.png?resize=1140%2C477&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"477\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 40px\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>H\u00ecnh 1<\/strong>. Minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cchi\u1ebfm gh\u1ebf\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. H\u00ecnh A cho th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch chia kh\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng DC (xanh) v\u00e0 CH (\u0111\u1ecf) th\u00ec m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 HNS (50-50%) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (50-50%). H\u00ecnh B cho th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 50-50%, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c \u0111i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng CH s\u1ebd c\u00f3 3 HNS (75%), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 HNS (25%).<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do \u0111\u1ea3ng CH ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea3ng DC c\u0169ng thi h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho l\u1eafm. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3ng CH \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea3ng DC th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00ed do ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ea3ng DC l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch \u201cchi\u1ebfm gh\u1ebf\u201d b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u01a1i b\u1ea9n\u201d ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (unfair). B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c TB do \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (Independent Commission) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u1edf c\u00e1c TB do \u0111\u1ea3ng CH ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban n\u00e0y do \u0111\u1ea3ng CH ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ea3ng CH ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi cho 187 gh\u1ebf h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a 75 gh\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c \u1ee6y ban \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i (t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 435 gh\u1ebf HNS) [9].<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm gh\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201cv\u1ebd l\u1ea1i\u201d b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cthi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb\u201d s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (permanent) \u1edf h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 1 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh, g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 1 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t TB, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t TB n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a TB nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u2013 nh\u01b0 TB l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 California ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t TB kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf TB \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 giao vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan \u2013 nh\u01b0 TB Texas. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf 2 TB n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a 2 TB \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ea3ng CH \u1edf c\u00e1c TB ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho 187 gh\u1ebf \u1edf h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3ng DC ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a 75 gh\u1ebf, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n nay (v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 11\/2021) \u0111\u1ea3ng DC v\u1eabn \u0111ang n\u1eafm HV v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 s\u00e1t sao 221\/213 (1 gh\u1ebf b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m khuy\u1ebft). V\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 16 TB cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11\/2020 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3ng CH s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u1ea5y th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 gh\u1ebf &#8211; \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng CH gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ea1 Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u00e1ng 11\/2022.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, do m\u1ed7i TB ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 2020, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean TV cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1eed tri thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf Georgia c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n 8 gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ea7u, trong khi \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e2n da tr\u1eafng) ch\u1ec9 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng 15 ph\u00fat. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thu nh\u1eadp v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111i b\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 chung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 filibuster \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi TV h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf filibuster \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. Hi\u1ec7n nay HV do \u0111\u1ea3ng DC n\u1eafm \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua 1 d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TV l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea3ng DC hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang n\u1eafm TV d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 50-50, nh\u01b0ng do l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3 TT Kamala Haris m\u1ed7i khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n thua th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3ng DC th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf filibuster \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua di\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed m\u00e0 HV \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ngay ch\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1ea3ng DC hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 2 TNS kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf filibuster.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cthi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft xa v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 TV c\u00f3 d\u00e1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui \u0111\u1ecbnh filibuster \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf M\u1ef9. \u00a0Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c mong manh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u1edd xem.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ebft xong 01\/12\/2021.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080\"><em>Tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2000_United_States_presidential_election\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2000_United_States_presidential_election<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalpopularvote.com\/state-status\">https:\/\/www.nationalpopularvote.com\/state-status<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/election\">https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/election<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/06\/09\/1002593823\/how-democratic-is-american-democracy-key-pillars-face-stress-tests\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/06\/09\/1002593823\/how-democratic-is-american-democracy-key-pillars-face-stress-tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/19\/pennsylvania-supreme-court-draws-a-much-more-competitive-district-map-to-overturn-republican-gerrymander\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/19\/pennsylvania-supreme-court-draws-a-much-more-competitive-district-map-to-overturn-republican-gerrymander<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Pennsylvania\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Pennsylvania<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Wisconsin_State_Assembly_election\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Wisconsin_State_Assembly_election<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/11\/15\/us\/politics\/republicans-2022-redistricting-maps.html?searchResultPosition=3\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/11\/15\/us\/politics\/republicans-2022-redistricting-maps.html?searchResultPosition=3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea4T C\u1eacP C\u1ee6A H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG B\u1ea6U C\u1eec \u1ede HOA K\u1ef2 V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG H\u1ec6 QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A N\u00d3 Khi \u201cQuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u S\u1ed1\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cS\u1ef1\u00a0Th\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d PH\u1ea6N II TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u Xin g\u1eedi anh ch\u1ecb Ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u1edf Hoa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11923"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11923"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11930,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11923\/revisions\/11930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}