c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd1<\/sup><\/b><\/h1>\nDavid Kaiser<\/b><\/h2>\n(Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh d\u1ecbch)<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 David Kaiser l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MIT. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Stephen Hawking, t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Stephen Hawking l\u00ean gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a Hawking kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng 21 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Stephen Hawking th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 theo ch\u00e2n Einstein. M\u1eb7c cho b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Einstein, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ea5u trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn \u1edf \u00f4ng: T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. NXX<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/03\/image-2.jpeg?resize=540%2C361&ssl=1\")
\u201cStephen Hawking l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.\u201d \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Santi Visalli \/ Getty.<\/p><\/div>\n
Stephen Hawking vui m\u1eebng khi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra \u0111\u00fang ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Galileo, ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1942. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hawking s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2018, sau \u0111\u00fang 139 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein!<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd quen bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hawking, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Hawking g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Einstein. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y b\u1ecf xa m\u1ecdi k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hawking, “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed Th\u1eddi gian”, ra m\u1eaft n\u0103m 1988, trong khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00eca m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u1ea5y, m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hawking \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng (sensation), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy l\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Hawking l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0, cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
“L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh Einstein v\u00e0o \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng rung rinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea1t l\u00f2 xo (trampoline). Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n ph\u1ed3ng ra trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. H\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, trong c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u2013 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00f4i k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Isaac Newton – m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hawking, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 (ruptured)? Hawking, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Roger Penrose c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Einstein ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “\u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb”, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd k\u00ec d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Penrose-Hawking, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n (extreme) \u2013 t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111en, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 xung quanh \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i (wrap) m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra \u2212 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/i>, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a Shel Silverstein.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u2212 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf qua l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ngay sau khi Hawking ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u0103m 1966, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, khi suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 \u0111en. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 \u0111en trong khi h\u1ea1t kia tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0 Hawking g\u1ee3i \u00fd, th\u00ec l\u1ed7 \u0111en s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t xa x\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 – ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, “l\u1ed7 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111en tuy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,” nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian”: ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 \u0111en. Trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u00ean v\u0103n (th\u1eadt l\u1edbn), l\u1ed7 \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nay r\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng\u201cti\u1ebfng r\u00e8 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d (cosmic static).<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u2212 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb – \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e9m v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 \u0111en th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a hay sao? M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt \u0111i l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u00e0 soi t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u1ec1 Big Bang v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 \u0111en v\u00e0 Big Bang trong “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 21, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 – v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00f4i. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Jane Wilde (ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965) v\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba \u0111\u1ee9a con chung. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u2013 n\u1ed9i c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 Hawking v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng – \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00ea h\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian cong l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, Hawking nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a A.L.S. tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1999, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Harvard trong ba tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111ang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f2ng r\u1eafn bao quanh c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 khi v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. (Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u1edf Cambridge l\u00e0 khi “Star Wars: The Phantom Menace” (Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111e d\u1ecda qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n
Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, Hawking v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u00fat gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 tay. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf g\u1ea7n Hawking l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd th\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Mialet “Hawking Incorporated” (C\u00f4ng ty Hawking).<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hawking. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng tham gia m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u; \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u01a1 ng\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, khi t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c e-mail t\u1eeb tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Hawking th\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00e1 th\u01b0. Hawking c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u00f3c b\u00faa ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (v\u00e0o \u00f4ng) ho\u1eb7c hai.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hawking \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ed9ng tinh ranh\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 am t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2016, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2212 v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean Paul Rudd trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
\nCh\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o The <\/span>New Yorker<\/span><\/i>, ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3, 2018. C\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 David Kaiser v\u00e0 c\u00e1m \u01a1n b\u00e1o <\/span>The New Yorker<\/span><\/i>. C\u00e1m \u01a1n TS Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 GS Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam cho nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u1eddi chia tay Stephen Hawking c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd1 David Kaiser (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh d\u1ecbch) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 David Kaiser l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MIT. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Stephen Hawking, t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[70],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh d\u1ecbch)<\/h3>\n
\u201cStephen Hawking l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.\u201d \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Santi Visalli \/ Getty.<\/p><\/div>\n
Stephen Hawking vui m\u1eebng khi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra \u0111\u00fang ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Galileo, ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1942. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hawking s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2018, sau \u0111\u00fang 139 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein!<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd quen bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hawking, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Hawking g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Einstein. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y b\u1ecf xa m\u1ecdi k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hawking, “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed Th\u1eddi gian”, ra m\u1eaft n\u0103m 1988, trong khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00eca m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u1ea5y, m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hawking \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng (sensation), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy l\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Hawking l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0, cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
“L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh Einstein v\u00e0o \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng rung rinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea1t l\u00f2 xo (trampoline). Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n ph\u1ed3ng ra trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. H\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, trong c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u2013 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00f4i k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Isaac Newton – m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hawking, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 (ruptured)? Hawking, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Roger Penrose c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Einstein ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “\u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb”, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd k\u00ec d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Penrose-Hawking, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n (extreme) \u2013 t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111en, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 xung quanh \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i (wrap) m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra \u2212 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/i>, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a Shel Silverstein.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u2212 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecf qua l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ngay sau khi Hawking ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u0103m 1966, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, khi suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 \u0111en. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 \u0111en trong khi h\u1ea1t kia tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0 Hawking g\u1ee3i \u00fd, th\u00ec l\u1ed7 \u0111en s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t xa x\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 – ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, “l\u1ed7 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111en tuy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,” nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian”: ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 \u0111en. Trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thi\u00ean v\u0103n (th\u1eadt l\u1edbn), l\u1ed7 \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nay r\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng\u201cti\u1ebfng r\u00e8 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d (cosmic static).<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u2212 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb – \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e9m v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 \u0111en th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a hay sao? M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt \u0111i l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u00e0 soi t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u1ec1 Big Bang v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Hawking v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 \u0111en v\u00e0 Big Bang trong “L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 21, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 – v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00f4i. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Jane Wilde (ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965) v\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba \u0111\u1ee9a con chung. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u2013 n\u1ed9i c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ngoan c\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 Hawking v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng – \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00ea h\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian cong l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, Hawking nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a A.L.S. tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1999, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Harvard trong ba tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111ang ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f2ng r\u1eafn bao quanh c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 khi v\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. (Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u1edf Cambridge l\u00e0 khi “Star Wars: The Phantom Menace” (Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111e d\u1ecda qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n
Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, Hawking v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u00fat gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 tay. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf g\u1ea7n Hawking l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd th\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Mialet “Hawking Incorporated” (C\u00f4ng ty Hawking).<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hawking. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng tham gia m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u; \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u01a1 ng\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, khi t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c e-mail t\u1eeb tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Hawking th\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00e1 th\u01b0. Hawking c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u00f3c b\u00faa ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (v\u00e0o \u00f4ng) ho\u1eb7c hai.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hawking \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ed9ng tinh ranh\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 am t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2016, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Hawking \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2212 v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean Paul Rudd trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
\n
Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o The <\/span>New Yorker<\/span><\/i>, ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3, 2018. C\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 David Kaiser v\u00e0 c\u00e1m \u01a1n b\u00e1o <\/span>The New Yorker<\/span><\/i>. C\u00e1m \u01a1n TS Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 GS Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam cho nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u1eddi chia tay Stephen Hawking c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd1 David Kaiser (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh d\u1ecbch) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 David Kaiser l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MIT. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Stephen Hawking, t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[70],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}