{"id":11955,"date":"2024-10-10T19:28:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T12:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=11955"},"modified":"2025-07-22T22:52:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T15:52:51","slug":"i-geoffrey-hinton-cha-de-cua-tri-tue-nhan-tao-va-con-duong-den-giai-nobel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/i-geoffrey-hinton-cha-de-cua-tri-tue-nhan-tao-va-con-duong-den-giai-nobel\/","title":{"rendered":"(I) Geoffrey Hinton, Cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

GEOFFREY HINTON: CHA \u0110\u1ee0 \u0110\u1ea6U C\u1ee6A TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 NH\u00c2N T\u1ea0O, V\u00c0 CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG D\u1eaaN \u0110\u1ebeN GI\u1ea2I NOBEL V\u1eacT L\u00dd<\/span><\/h1>\n

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T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 t\u00f4i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00e3o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd \u0111I theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Geoffrey Hinton (Chris Young \/ Imago)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd 2024 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao h\u00f4m 8\/10 cho hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh-Canada Geoffrey Hinton, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 John Hopfield,\u00a0 v\u00ec “ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (machine learning) v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o”, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ChatGPT s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang hot nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Geoffrey Hinton cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd cao c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t minh cho AI. C\u00e1i t\u00ean “M\u00e1y Boltzmann” \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 “tinkering”.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong mainstream, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng Geoffrey v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, sau 6 gi\u1edd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, thay v\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 strong character, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 Einstein t\u1eebng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai<\/em> trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1edbi s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Geoffrey Hinton quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9a con tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i Nobel c\u1ee7a Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e1o Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung (NZZ), <\/em>Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2024<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch<\/em>: \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Thu Tr\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh<\/em>: Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn t\u1eeb s\u1edbm: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 duy? Ng\u00e0y nay, Geoffrey Hinton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hinton, \u0111\u00e3 76 tu\u1ed5i, lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, Geoffrey Hinton kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u00f4ng say m\u00ea h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3? T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb”, Hinton n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2024. Nh\u1eefng “th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb” n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Geoffrey Hinton \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi John Hopfield. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Hinton di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

Th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Geoffrey Everest Hinton sinh n\u0103m 1947 t\u1ea1i London trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh danh gi\u00e1. T\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai Everest: Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba George Everest, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hinton.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hinton c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: George Boole, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a logic nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Cha c\u1ee7a Hinton l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 Stalin. Geoffrey ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a “New Yorker” v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean: “T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0”. \u00d4ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. “\u00d4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an b\u00ean trong”. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1978, Hinton nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf Edinburgh. Trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c (vision) b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Hilton chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie- Mellon n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Hinton \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. \u1ede Anh, \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0o l\u00fac 6 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tai \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie-Mellon, v\u00e0o 9 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp sinh vi\u00ean: “H\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh”.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y Boltzmann s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Deep Blue c\u1ee7a IBM \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n

Hinton l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang, (m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i Nobel m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y Boltzmann \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1983. Hinton \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1y Boltzmann theo t\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[1]<\/a> Hinton v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Hinton ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn y\u00eau th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m M\u00e1y Boltzmann h\u01a1n. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a “New Yorker” n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y Boltzmann s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1edbm cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng mang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI \u0111\u1ebfn Canada v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y Boltzmann v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng AI, t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn Chat-GPT. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron, bi\u1ebfn Hinton tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao.<\/p>\n

Hinton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi chi ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Rosalind, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a Ronald Reagan, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Toronto, Canada. \u00a0H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean b\u00ecnh. Hinton l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bi k\u1ecbch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, Rosalind, m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, do d\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. Rosalind qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Hinton 44 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi 5 v\u00e0 3 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Meta v\u00e0 OpenAI \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf \u00f4ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng tr\u1ebb th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nghe nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau: ‘Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n sang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ea7m ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n: c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hinton \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Turing, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, Yann LeCun, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI t\u1ea1i Meta; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, Yoshua Bengio, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf Montreal; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp OpenAI, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Chat-GPT: Ilya Sutskever.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2012, Hinton v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. N\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, Google \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i startup c\u1ee7a Hinton c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Sutskever v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 thu\u00ea c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hinton nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 44 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 mua m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf \u1edf h\u1ed3 Huron, m\u1ed9t trong Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 AI m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi Rosalind qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Jacqueline Ford, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. H\u1ecd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ngay khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, bi k\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra: Jacqueline Ford \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 t\u1ee5y. B\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2018. Hai th\u00e1ng sau, Hinton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Turing.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2022, Chat-GPT \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t AI, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Hinton l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2023, Hinton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u” c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1eddi Google tr\u00ean t\u1edd “New York Times”. Tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a AI, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Google.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i Nobel, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a AI, m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

NZZ<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem ti\u1ebfp b\u00e0i sau:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(II) Geoffrey Hinton v\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/h1>\n

(II) Geoffrey Hinton v\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n