{"id":1209,"date":"2018-03-22T09:39:54","date_gmt":"2018-03-22T02:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=1209"},"modified":"2026-03-30T21:22:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T14:22:42","slug":"phan-chau-trinh-viet-nam-va-nhat-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/phan-chau-trinh-viet-nam-va-nhat-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh – Vi\u1ec7t Nam – v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

PHAN CH\u00c2U TRINH – VI\u1ec6T NAM <\/span><\/h1>\n

v\u00e0 NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt 26\/12\/2022<\/strong>: Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tu ch\u1ec9nh sai s\u00f3t trong in \u1ea5n, <\/span><\/p>\n

nay quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nxb Tr\u1ebb cho ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/i><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee9c \u201cto be or not to be\u201d, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh hay kh\u00f4ng theo nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1? Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 V\u0129nh S\u00ednh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb cho ra m\u1eaft, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean t\u00f4i ch\u00edn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh h\u00f4m nay. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft xong, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh em ta h\u00e3y g\u1eafng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u201d, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i. <\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u0103m nay, 2018, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 150 n\u0103m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n (1868). T\u1ea1i sao hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng\u201d l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, trong khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng. \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng <\/span>kh\u00f4ng<\/i><\/span> \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t to l\u1edbn l\u1eafm. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, n\u0103m 1962, khi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ef1u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park Chung Hee \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c <\/span>kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i><\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c <\/span>c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i><\/span> (human revolution), <\/span>l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i><\/span>, th\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o cho cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i sinh qu\u1ed1c gia hay sao? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tu s\u1eeda t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang b\u1ecb suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh hay sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c “c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00f3i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eang n\u0103ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m b\u1edfi th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gian tru\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i. \u201cH\u00e3y g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 xem kia, c\u1eeda \u0111ang m\u1edf.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau th\u00f3i tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Yi (Choson) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a “th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn”, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf quanh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c <\/span>ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c gia<\/i><\/span>. <\/span>(nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i)<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00fang ta <\/span>\u2212<\/span> ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n cho v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00fang ta <\/span>\u2212<\/span> m\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u00eanh thang.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Park Chung Hee ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00ean <\/span>th\u1ea7n<\/i><\/span> k\u1ef3 s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n<\/i><\/span> trong th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nay c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a x\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 4.000 n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong v\u00f9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Park Chung Hee l\u00e0m, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. Xin n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cPhan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, <\/span>Nh\u00e0 Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. NXX<\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea1n d\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1,
\nB\u00e1t c\u1ed5 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00fay m\u1ed9ng trung.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00ed th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u00e1nh\u201d, 1905 <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m v\u1ebf m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng,
\nMu\u00f4n d\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0129nh S\u00ednh d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/span>\u0103m 2016 l\u00e0 n\u0103m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, 1926-2016. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 C\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 V\u0129nh S\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u C\u1ee5 ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2009 t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u0129nh S\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u0129nh S\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u0129 phu th\u1eddi \u00f4ng ta\u0323i qu\u00ea nha\u0300, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u. V\u0129nh S\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u sang ti\u1ebfng Anh. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh tuy th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/i> do V\u0129nh S\u00ednh vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m k\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00e0i hoa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n V\u0129nh S\u00ednh, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?\u201d, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u201cn\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u uy\u00ean th\u00e2m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4n c\u1ed1 tri t\u00e2n<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\u2605<\/p>\n

K<\/span>hi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi; v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c <\/i>thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o nghe v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang suy t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u1ee5 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t \u01b0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft am t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y –<\/span>\u00a0educator –<\/span> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd nghe nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb trong, \u201ct\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c khai h\u00f3a\u201d, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb1n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n c\u01a1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o duy t\u00e2n \u201cch\u1ea5n d\u00e2n kh\u00ed, khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, h\u1eadu d\u00e2n sinh\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 v\u00ec C\u1ee5 th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi \u1ea5y c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o binh h\u00f9ng manh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u? Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o<\/i>, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 C\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u1ee5 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh l\u00e0 Fukuzawa Yukichi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng<\/i>, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y<\/i> c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 c\u00f4m-l\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 Gandhi t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed1t T\u00e2y H\u1ed3\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u1eaft t\u00f3c ng\u1eafn. C\u1eaft t\u00f3c ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy c\u0169. C\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri k\u1ef7 Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd C\u00e1p h\u0103m h\u1edf gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Baltic c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh tan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch: 14x20cm.\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ed1 trang:\u00a0262. <\/span>Gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n:\u00a0120,000 VN\u0110. <\/span>In l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9\u00a01 n\u0103m 2018<\/span><\/div>\n
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
L\u1eddi Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 7\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp – Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh 9\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp (V\u0129nh S\u00ednh): Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn 43\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p H\u1eadu chi T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam 141\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Th\u01b0 183\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y 207\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Qu\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 D\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a 239<\/span><\/div>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n, theo Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan l\u1ea1i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, cho d\u00f9 t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt, Trung Hoa, Nga hay \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngay khi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o, c\u1ee5 Phan \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cCh\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1edd c\u1eady \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n c\u00e1i tr\u00f2 \u2018\u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai\u2019, kh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec\u2026, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1eebu (th\u00f9) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ch\u1eafc g\u00ec h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p\u201d1<\/sup><\/a>. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn xa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. C\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 danh s\u0129 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea, ng\u1ee3i khen c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), n\u00f3i n\u0103ng ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba \u2018kh\u1ea9u ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m x\u00e0\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ch\u00fat nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em giao ph\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng th\u00edch.\u201d2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u00f4\u0301ng co\u0300n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Theo Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb vua quan va\u0300 gi\u01a1\u0301i nho ho\u0323c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tuy l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Nho gi\u00e1o – c\u1ee5 Phan nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed h\u01a1n Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed – v\u1ed1n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt khi \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, thi\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u0300ng t\u01b0\u0323 ha\u0300o, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u201d tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111a\u0323o \u0111\u01b0\u0301c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p tinh hoa c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Gi\u1edbi samurai Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i, chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 6% (\u0111\u1ebfn 10%) d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i duy t\u00e2n, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t mang g\u01b0\u01a1m nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u0300 ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c hay giai c\u00e2\u0301p. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, sau khi thua Napoleon \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh \u0111\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu cho n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn trong l\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt. Trong khi m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf suy t\u00e0n trong b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t Caesar c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i c\u00e0y trong c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Epaminondas (t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Hy l\u1ea1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e0n tay m\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra cho thi\u00ean t\u00e0i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u2026 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/span>\u201d (T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i Gneisenau c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5, 1806)3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1edfi tr\u00f3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n <\/span>ho\u00e0n v\u0169<\/i><\/span> (universal), \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n canh t\u00e2n c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 d\u00f9 tinh hoa. Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec3u ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2605<\/p>\n

N<\/span>g\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, th\u1ed5i qua Trung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t qua nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Khang H\u1eefu Vi v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau trong phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9, th\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2n th\u01b04<\/sup><\/a><\/i>v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Trung Hoa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/i> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111ang m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t suy t\u00e0n.T\u00e2n th\u01b0<\/i> truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m lay \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 Phan ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cM\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee3t t\u1ec9nh c\u01a1n m\u00ea, nh\u01b0 v\u00e9n m\u00e2y m\u00f9 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tr\u1eddi xanh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba ra kh\u1ecfi bu\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hay m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i sao cho h\u1ebft.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may, nh\u01b0 V\u0129nh S\u00ednh vi\u1ebft: \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec \u00edt m\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngoan c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u\u2019 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1t c\u1ed5 (nho s\u0129) g\u00e2y ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby.\u201d<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i tin s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1edbi: Nh\u1eadt th\u1eafng Nga trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1904-1905! C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng: \u201cT\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n sang \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (Tokyo) cho bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay.\u201d V\u00e0 n\u0103m 1906 C\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sau khi quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u201cTr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y\u2026\u201d Sau chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n 1906, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a canh t\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tim c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5, v\u00e0 C\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n bushido<\/i>, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u1ee5 Phan h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9: h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc v\u0103n<\/i>. Sau khi m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, c\u1ee5 theo b\u1ed1 \u0111i s\u0103n tr\u00ean n\u00fai hay t\u1eadp b\u1eafn cung v\u00e0 c\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. C\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i>. Tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn binh <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hun \u0111\u00fac trong m\u00e1u C\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu c\u00e1c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, va\u0300 gi\u00f4\u0301ng ca\u0301c samurai Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n. C\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Nho gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee5y v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ru ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c samurai Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o va\u0300 tinh th\u00e2\u0300n quan la\u0323i l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c. C\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf C\u1ee5 th\u00e2\u0301u hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa. C\u1ee5 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sumurai. C\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i thi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ng\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n trong quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u1ee5 l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c l\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y: Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Fukuzawa Yukichi. Di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Khai s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n cho vua \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1i c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn lao, theo c\u1ee5 Phan, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nho h\u1ecdc m\u1ea3i m\u00ea \u201ct\u1ea7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00edch c\u00fa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t c\u1ed5\u201d. H\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i C\u1ee5 khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf. Gi\u1edbi Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao. Cho n\u00ean Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u gay g\u1eaft, xem Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t c\u1ed5\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1925, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, cho th\u1ea5y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee5, v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00f4n m\u00ea c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

Sao c\u00e1c anh kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u1eaft m\u00e0 xem g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng ta, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ed5n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4n ngoan, n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p v\u0103n minh \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, n\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t dao v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c c\u0169, n\u00f3 \u0111i theo ngay l\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 ki\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cao li, n\u00f3 ki\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 x\u0103n v\u0103n m\u00e3i, ti\u1ebfc c\u00e1i phong t\u1ee5c c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu theo c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, nay h\u00e3y c\u00f2n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. C\u00f2n m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb c\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee1i c\u1ed5, c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft gi\u1eef kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y phong t\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi m\u1edf m\u1eaft ra, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee9ng ngay d\u1eady t\u00ecm cho r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i, c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam bao, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ch\u00e1u l\u1edbp ch\u1eaft n\u1eefa hay sao?5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cV\u0103n minh – Khai s\u00e1ng\u201d (Bunmei \u2013kaika), \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Trung Hoa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc, D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0m c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n, th\u00ec c\u1ee5 Phan ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 Phan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eadn m\u1eaft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u, C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch t\u00e2n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Trung Hoa c\u1ee7a Phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Duy T\u00e2n l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 tin ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi\u201d. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan c\u0169ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 1868 c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc: Trung Hoa h\u1ecdc, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u V\u0103n minh-Khai s\u00e1ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Fukuzawa l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, tuy v\u1eabn gi\u1eef gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o. Hideki Yukawa, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1949) c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, trong T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt6<\/sup><\/a><\/i>, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa! H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctho\u00e1t \u00c1\u201d th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

<\/a> C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u1ec1 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u00fdp \u201cnh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m v\u1ebf\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 b\u00e1t c\u1ed5\u201d \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh mang nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u00ednh do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc khoa c\u1eed. C\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft: \u201c(C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u) xem ra to\u00e0n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t c\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3y may m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, n\u00ean d\u00e2n m\u1edbi b\u1ecb l\u1eeba theo\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201cnh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t\u201d7<\/sup><\/a>. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u – c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/p>\n

\u201c… \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, xem \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u1eady \u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng.8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, C\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1i sao:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y (Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u) \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00ec r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam th\u00ec r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00ec r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i n\u00ean ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do, d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00e8n \u00e9p v\u00e0 nghi k\u1ef5 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u0169ng kh\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u201d.9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. C\u1ee5 Phan mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n Atlas \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng di s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, C\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u2605<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 n\u0103m 1925, c\u1ee5 Phan c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y<\/i>; v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 D\u00e2n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7<\/i>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5 quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m vua ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cB\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec t\u00f4i xin th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. T\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i t\u1ea1m r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a vua v\u00e0 t\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018d\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 v\u00ec d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc!\u201d D\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia, hay y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u201cN\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ngu qu\u00e1, y\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean x\u01b0a nay c\u00e1i ng\u00f4i vua thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t v\u1eady.\u201d Hay \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00ec lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, d\u00e2n ta h\u00e8n c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh b\u1ec9 gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yukichi Fukuzawa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb 260 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Tokugawa b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thui ch\u1ed9t \u0111i tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia. Fukuzawa di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: \u201cH\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn trong h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p ri\u00eang r\u1ebd hay b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn (\u2026). H\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1. (\u2026) H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00e1nh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chung nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\u201d10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ee5 Phan tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh: \u201cM\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, nay b\u1ea3o \u0111em lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? V\u1eabn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p ch\u1eafp c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nay \u0111em m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean \u00c2u T\u00e2y kia m\u00e0 ch\u1eafp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o sinh hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i, qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c . Mu\u1ed1n cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1eafp c\u00e2y c\u0169ng n\u00ean b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 cho hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nhau \u0111\u00e3. T\u00f4i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u00fd mong anh em n\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ta, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111em ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u1eady.\u201d11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Ai c\u0169ng theo Nho gi\u00e1o: Vua, quan, t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 Phan xem x\u00e9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Hoa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cX\u00e9t c\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o nho thi h\u00e0nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. K\u1ef3 d\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng vua chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Nho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n d\u00e2n.\u201d12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u2605<\/p>\n

\u0110<\/span><\/span>\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 Phan, trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, ch\u00fang ta<\/span> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 \u201ctr\u1edf b\u00e0n tay\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, vang l\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ODA hay FDI. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 eo h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, chuy\u00ean gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec may m\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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    Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. H\u1ecd s\u1edbm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u: T\u1eeb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac l\u00e2m nguy. H\u00e3y nghe B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh (sens\u014d) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft nhau, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, tri th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Thua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ebd thua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1ng ba l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1ng hai, r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1ng hai l\u00ean h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t; v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d.13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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      Giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00ec m\u00e3i m\u00ea Nho gi\u00e1o, quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c du nh\u1eadp v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c duy t\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn qui m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u0103n, c\u00f3 v\u00f5, h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. C\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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        Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, vua v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u00ean h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng tuy th\u00ea\u0301, c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c la\u0300 \u0111a da\u0323ng, ta\u0323o s\u01b0\u0323 ca\u0323nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u0300ng gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c bang, thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3: \u01afu th\u1ebf l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda 1868 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh me\u0303. V\u0103n h\u00f3a Edo, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Edo c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/span>k\u1ef3 quan<\/i><\/span>. <\/span>Trong th\u1eddi <\/span>Genroku <\/i><\/span>(1688-1704), cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1eddi v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a Tokugawa v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 minh ho\u1ea1 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i. S\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 10.000 b\u1ea3n! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u201ckh\u1ee7ng\u201d th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3; Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng h\u01a1n 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u. [H\u00e3y so v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi nay!]R\u00e2\u0301t n\u00f4\u0309i ti\u00ea\u0301ng la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c th\u01b0 vi\u00ea\u0323n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i (<\/span>kashihonya<\/i><\/span>) nh\u0103\u0300m cho m\u01b0\u01a1\u0323n sa\u0301ch \u0111\u00ea\u0301n tay nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i thi\u0301ch \u0111o\u0323c ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 \u0111u\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n mua sa\u0301ch. Va\u0300o cu\u00f4\u0301i th\u00e2\u0323p ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a th\u00ea\u0301 ky\u0309 m\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i chi\u0301n, Osaka co\u0301 khoa\u0309ng ba tr\u0103m th\u01b0 vi\u00ea\u0323n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301, Edo h\u01a1n sa\u0301u tr\u0103m. Ho\u0323 co\u0300n x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng th\u01b0 vi\u00ea\u0323n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng \u0111i v\u00ea\u0300 ca\u0301c mi\u00ea\u0300n qu\u00ea \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ba\u0301n hay cho m\u01b0\u01a1\u0323n sa\u0301ch \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ca\u0301c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n bi\u00ea\u0301t ch\u01b0\u0303. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung cao nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Edo (t\u1ee9c Tokyo) c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Paris. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Osaka c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 non m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a salon (<\/span>zashiki<\/i><\/span>), \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i khi h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda.<\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u0103m 1868 khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c duy t\u00e2n, <\/span>c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 17.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/span> \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i! \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u201ckh\u1ee7ng\u201d n\u1eefa. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. (Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3? L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Nam K\u1ef3 v\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p.). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Tokugawa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m con trai v\u00e0 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m con g\u00e1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span>gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/i><\/span>.14<\/sup><\/a> (Theo m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u1edf Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng TQ 1949, 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1872, \u1edf Anh n\u0103m 1870, Ph\u00e1p 1882, M\u1ef9 1918, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c 1919)15<\/sup><\/a> Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc\u201d nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o <\/span>Dazai Jun <\/i><\/span>(1686-1747) vi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qua hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi <\/span>Lan h\u1ecdc <\/i><\/span>(rangaku) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m ch\u1ea5t men khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Minh Tr\u1ecb. <\/span>Bant\u014d Yamagata (1743-1821) c\u1ee7a Osaka, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, d\u00e0nh 17 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 12 quy\u1ec3n t\u00ean \u201cB\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1\u201d (<\/span>Yumenoshiro<\/i><\/span>) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Copernicus. <\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng pha\u0309i chi\u0309 co\u0301 gia\u0301o du\u0323c, v\u0103n ho\u0301a pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n chung chung \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m trang tri\u0301. Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n, v\u01a1\u0301i ba\u0309n ch\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i cu\u0309a vo\u0303 si\u0303 \u0111a\u0323o, v\u01a1\u0301i s\u01b0\u0323 ph\u00e2n quy\u00ea\u0300n nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c bang d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301i du\u0300 th\u00f4\u0301ng la\u0303nh cu\u0309a Shogun, la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i co\u0301 ti\u0301nh ca\u0323nh tranh cao nh\u01b0 ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia nho\u0309 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u01a1\u0300i Trung c\u00f4\u0309, cho n\u00ean thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323, sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c truy\u00ea\u0300n ba\u0301 li\u00ean tu\u0323c. Chi\u0301nh s\u01b0\u0323 ca\u0323nh tranh na\u0300y la\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t xu\u0301c ta\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m lan to\u0309a ca\u0301c y\u0301 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 trong ca\u0309 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c. Ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh in, d\u00ea\u0323t va\u0309i, nu\u00f4i t\u0103\u0300m, sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t lu\u0323a, s\u01a1n ma\u0300i, g\u00f4\u0301m s\u01b0\u0301, la\u0300m gi\u00e2\u0301y, n\u00e2\u0301u r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u sake\u0301, khai tha\u0301c mo\u0309, luy\u00ea\u0323n kim, \u0111u\u0301c ki\u00ea\u0301m, ngh\u00ea\u0300 th\u01a1\u0323 m\u00f4\u0323c, ch\u00ea\u0301 ta\u0323o c\u00f4ng cu\u0323, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n va\u0300 m\u01a1\u0309 r\u00f4\u0323ng li\u00ean tu\u0323c. Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Nh\u00e2\u0323t nh\u00e2\u0323p kh\u00e2\u0309u t\u01b0\u0300 Trung Hoa kh\u00f4ng pha\u0309i chi\u0309 co\u0301 sa\u0301ch v\u01a1\u0309 Kh\u00f4\u0309ng gia\u0301o ma\u0300 co\u0300n sa\u0301ch v\u00ea\u0300 khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323, toa\u0301n ho\u0323c, nh\u01b0\u0303ng th\u01b0\u0301 ma\u0300 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cu\u0303ng t\u01b0\u0300ng ho\u0323c cu\u0309a Trung Hoa. Ho\u0323 chu\u00f4\u0323ng <\/span>\u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u01a1\u0301i sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o<\/i><\/span> (kha\u0301c v\u01a1\u0301i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam chu\u00f4\u0323ng la\u0300m quan va\u0300 h\u01b0 danh).<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ca\u0301c pha\u0301t minh li\u00ean tu\u0323c di\u00ea\u0303n ra \u01a1\u0309 c\u00e2\u0301p \u0111\u00f4\u0323 vi m\u00f4 (microinventions) la\u0300m cho ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Nh\u00e2\u0323t y\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301c th\u00eam gia\u0301 tri\u0323 cu\u0309a <\/span>\u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u01a1\u0301i sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o<\/i><\/span>. Ca\u0301c doanh nh\u00e2n, nha\u0300 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t lu\u00f4n \u0111i ti\u0300m ky\u0303 thu\u00e2\u0323t m\u01a1\u0301i. Thi\u0323 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng n\u00f4\u0323i \u0111i\u0323a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c k\u00ea\u0301t n\u00f4\u0301i ma\u0300 Edo va\u0300 Osaka la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng trung t\u00e2m thuu hu\u0301t ma\u0323nh me\u0303 ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a. S\u01b0\u0323 ca\u0323nh tranh gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c bang \u0111a\u0303 d\u00e2\u0303n t\u01a1\u0301i nh\u01b0\u0303ng chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch \u201c\u201dPha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n doanh nghi\u00ea\u0323p, sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a\u201d (<\/span>shokusan k\u00f4gy\u00f4<\/i><\/span>). Sau khi Tokugawa bi\u0323 l\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0309, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta la\u0300m th\u00f4\u0301ng k\u00ea th\u00e2\u0301y 50 trong 64 bang ta\u0323o n\u00ean 20 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 40 ph\u00e2\u0300n tr\u0103m s\u01b0\u0323 ph\u00f4\u0300n vinh cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh t\u01b0\u0300 nga\u0300nh <\/span>ch\u00ea\u0301 ta\u0323o<\/i><\/span> thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng (manufacturing). Nh\u00e2n v\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t Hiraga Gennai (1728-80), t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u01b0\u0323 k\u00ea\u0301t tinh cu\u0309a ca\u0301c xung l\u01b0\u0323c trong th\u01a1\u0300i Tokugawa va\u0300o con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i, \u0111i xa h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u00e2\u0323n \u0111i\u0323nh, ca\u0301ch duy nh\u00e2\u0301t cho Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n \u0111a\u0309o ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 th\u00e2\u0301t thoa\u0301t cu\u0309a ca\u0309i va\u0300o tay ca\u0301c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i la\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n tha\u0300nh sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m cho xu\u00e2\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0309u l\u00e2\u0303n s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng n\u00f4\u0323i \u0111i\u0323a, va\u0300 chi\u0301nh s\u01b0\u0323 thi\u00ea\u0301u hu\u0323t ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c la\u0300 y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 pha\u0309i la\u0300m cho vi\u00ea\u0323c \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng tri th\u01b0\u0301c ca\u0300ng kh\u00e2\u0309n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n.16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201ct\u1ecfa qu\u1ed1c\u201d (<\/span>sakoku<\/i><\/span>) hai tr\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng pha\u0309i chi\u0309 co\u0301 vi\u00ea\u0323c du nh\u00e2\u0323p ca\u0301c y\u0301 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng m\u01a1\u0301i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y va\u0300o m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i bi\u0323 \u0111o\u0301ng ki\u0301n qua\u0301 l\u00e2u co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111em la\u0323i s\u01b0\u0323 tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng nhanh cho\u0301ng va\u0300 v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t b\u00e2\u0323t, ma\u0300 chi\u0301nh vi\u0300 trong lo\u0300ng xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111o\u0301 \u0111a\u0303 manh nha nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n ti\u00ea\u0301p thu, v\u00ea\u0300 tinh th\u00e2\u0300n, va\u0300 v\u00ea\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ma\u0323i thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i ma\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Nh\u00e2\u0323t m\u01a1\u0301i nhanh cho\u0301ng tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng la\u0323 gi\u0300 ca\u0301c nha\u0300 khai sa\u0301ng Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 h\u00e2\u0300u h\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u00ea\u0300u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ea\u0301n khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323. Ho\u0323 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0323c th\u00eam ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh nh\u01b0 y khoa, thi\u00ean v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111u\u0301c su\u0301ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p cu\u0309a nha\u0300 khai sa\u0301ng Fukuzawa Yukichi, va\u0300 m\u01a1\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng da\u0323y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p n\u00f4\u0309i ti\u00ea\u0301ng cu\u0309a nha\u0300 Lan ho\u0323c Ogata K\u00f4an v\u01a1\u0301i ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng Tekitekisai Juku n\u0103m 1838 ta\u0323i Osaka, thu hu\u0301t ha\u0300ng nga\u0300n m\u00f4n \u0111\u00ea\u0323. Co\u0300n Fukuzawa co\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t quy\u00ea\u0309n sa\u0301ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u01b0a thi\u0301ch t\u00ean \u201c<\/span>Kunm\u00f4 Ky\u00fbri Zukai<\/i><\/span>\u201d (M\u00f4\u0323t gia\u0301o tri\u0300nh v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 co\u0301 minh ho\u0323a) xu\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0309n n\u0103m 1872, chi\u0309 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u0103m sau khi Lu\u00e2\u0323t gia\u0301o du\u0323c c\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng b\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ban ha\u0300nh toa\u0300n qu\u00f4\u0301c (1871). <\/span>Ky\u00fbri<\/i><\/span> la\u0300 t\u00ean go\u0323i cu\u0309a v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 ho\u0323c lu\u0301c b\u00e2\u0301y gi\u01a1\u0300, \u2018la\u0300m chu\u0309 ca\u0301c nguy\u00ean ly\u0301 cu\u0309a s\u01b0\u0323 v\u00e2\u0323t\u2019. <\/span><\/p>\n

        \"D:\\DATAM\u00f4\u0323t a\u0309nh minh ho\u0323a trong sa\u0301ch v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 cu\u0309a Fukuzawa (v\u00ea\u0300 vi\u00ea\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng th\u00e2\u0301u ki\u0301nh)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Cho n\u00ean, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m nhi\u0300n th\u00e2\u0301y t\u00e2\u0323n m\u0103\u0301t v\u00e2\u0303n h\u01a1n tr\u0103m l\u01a1\u0300i gia\u0309i thi\u0301ch, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Nh\u00e2\u0323t \u0111a\u0303 cu\u00f4\u0300ng nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111i tham quan ca\u0301c tri\u00ea\u0309n la\u0303m qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 v\u00ea\u0300 c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n lu\u0301c b\u00e2\u0301y gi\u01a1\u0300, Tri\u00ea\u0309n la\u0303m vi\u0303 \u0111a\u0323i Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4n (1851 va\u0300 1862), Paris (1855, 1867, 1878, 1889) va\u0300 Vienna (1873). \u0110\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i ho\u0323, nh\u01b0\u0303ng cu\u00f4\u0323c tri\u00ea\u0309n la\u0303m qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300y co\u0301 hai y\u0301 nghi\u0303a quan tro\u0323ng, m\u00f4\u0323t la\u0300 c\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ho\u0323c ho\u0309i nh\u01b0\u0303ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 m\u01a1\u0301i cu\u0309a th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, th\u01b0\u0301 hai, nh\u0103\u0301c nh\u01a1\u0309 ho\u0323 s\u00e2u s\u0103\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 tu\u0323t h\u00e2\u0323u c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 cu\u0309a ho\u0323 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 mau mau ph\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00e2\u0301u. Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ti\u00ean cu\u0309a Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c tha\u0300nh l\u00e2\u0323p la\u0300 \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 Tokyo n\u0103m 1873, chi\u0309 2 n\u0103m sau l\u00ea\u0323nh gia\u0301o du\u0323c c\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng b\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ban ha\u0300nh, va\u0300 do m\u00f4\u0323t ky\u0303 s\u01b0 Sc\u00f4\u0301t-len, Henry Dyer, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thu\u0309 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng It\u00f4 Hirobumi thu\u00ea t\u01b0\u0300 Anh qu\u00f4\u0301c la\u0300m gia\u0301m \u0111\u00f4\u0301c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c giao pho\u0301 toa\u0300n quy\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m.17<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i h\u00ea\u0301t t\u00e2\u0300m quan tro\u0323ng cu\u0309a chi\u00ea\u0300u ki\u0301ch khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 trong Khai sa\u0301ng Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n, ma\u0300 n\u00ea\u0301u kh\u00f4ng co\u0301, thi\u0300 khai sa\u0301ng kia cu\u0303ng chi\u0309 h\u00e3o huy\u00ea\u0300n, ch\u0103\u0309ng co\u0301 i\u0301ch gi\u0300 cho vi\u00ea\u0323c ch\u00e2\u0301n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c, va\u0300 nga\u0300y nay, Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n se\u0303 ch\u0103\u0309ng co\u0301 t\u00ean tu\u00f4\u0309i gi\u0300 tr\u00ean th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i. \u0110o\u0301 la\u0300 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 qu\u00ean, hay bi\u0323 \u0111a\u0301nh gia\u0301 th\u00e2\u0301p. Khai sa\u0301ng ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 la\u0300m n\u00f4\u0300ng c\u00f4\u0301t, thi\u0300 gi\u00f4\u0301ng nh\u01b0 ta\u0300u cha\u0323y ma\u0300 kh\u00f4\u0323ng co\u0301 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c. Nga\u0300y nay, \u0111a\u0301nh gia\u0301 la\u0323i t\u00e2\u0300m quan tro\u0323ng cu\u0309a s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0323n c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 trong li\u0323ch s\u01b0\u0309 Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta nhi\u0300n nh\u00e2\u0323n r\u0103\u0300ng s\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0323nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 th\u00ea\u0301 ky\u0309 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i cu\u0309a Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n \u0111a\u0303 co\u0301 g\u00f4\u0301c r\u00ea\u0303 t\u01b0\u0300 th\u01a1\u0300i ti\u00ea\u0300n-c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p ho\u0301a, va\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t trong giai \u0111oa\u0323n Tokugawa (1603-1868). Xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i Tokugawa \u0111a\u0303 giu\u0301p \u0111\u0103\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n m\u00f4\u0301ng cho s\u01b0\u0323 du nh\u00e2\u0323p \u00f4\u0300 a\u0323t c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i sau na\u0300y, nh\u01b0ng do nh\u01b0\u0303ng gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 cu\u0309a quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c th\u00f4\u0301ng tri\u0323, ca\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u01a1\u0301i tri\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00ea\u0309 cu\u0309a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00ea\u0300 c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 chi\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ch\u00e2\u0301p nh\u00e2\u0323n va\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ma\u0323nh me\u0303 ta\u0323i Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n sau khi quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a Tokugawa \u0111a\u0303 bi\u0323 \u0111a\u0301nh \u0111\u00f4\u0303.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f4\u0323t trong nha\u0300 la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 ha\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n \u0111a\u0303 da\u0301m qua\u0309 quy\u00ea\u0301t r\u0103\u0300ng \u201c\u01a1\u0309 Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n nga\u0300y nay, b\u00e2\u0301t k\u00ea\u0309 nghi\u0303 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n s\u01b0\u0323 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t microchip LSI, hay b\u00e2\u0301t c\u01b0\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301 gi\u0300, chu\u0301ng ta \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i r\u0103\u0300ng, cu\u0300ng h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t \u0111o\u0301, cu\u0300ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u0301 cu\u0309a n\u01a1i la\u0300m vi\u00ea\u0323c \u0111o\u0301 \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n \u0111\u00e2\u0300y \u0111u\u0309 trong th\u01a1\u0300i ky\u0300 Tokugawa\u201d. Di\u0303 nhi\u00ean, co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 h\u01a1i qua\u0301. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u0103\u0301c ch\u0103\u0301n, Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p nga\u0300y nay la\u0300 ke\u0309 k\u00ea\u0301 th\u01b0\u0300a \u0111ich th\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 \u0111o\u0301 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111a\u0303 \u0111a\u0323t t\u01a1\u0301i s\u01b0\u0323 tinh vi cao th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111o\u0301ng c\u01b0\u0309a.18<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i canh t\u00e2n<\/span>, h\u00e3y nghe It<\/span>\u00f4 Hirobumi, v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span>g :<\/span><\/p>\n

        “M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 – c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh. Gia nh\u1eadp s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.”19<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp:<\/span>“T\u1eeb l\u00fac Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (Minh Tr\u1ecb), m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi”. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 su\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y qua chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/span>Iwakura <\/i><\/span>1871-73. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, t\u1ef1 tin, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Fukuzawa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “b\u00e1n v\u0103n minh”, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, t\u1eeb hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, th\u00f3i quen, v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Fukuzawa l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ea9ng m\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p. <\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, so v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00e9m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t xa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v.v..Xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ee5t h\u00e2\u0323u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, n\u00ean ca\u0300ng ch\u01b0a cung c\u00e2\u0301p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ma\u0309nh \u0111\u00e2\u0301t pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n t\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng c\u01a1 nhanh cho\u0301ng ti\u00ea\u0301p thu khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4\u0323ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u2605<\/p>\n

        N<\/span><\/span>g\u00e0y nay c\u1ee5 Phan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o: \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u00e2\u0300n na\u0300o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc C\u1ee5 co\u0300n xa m\u01a1\u0301i h\u00ea\u0301t lo \u00e2u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u0300n chung, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n la\u0300 tr\u01a1\u0309 nga\u0323i cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh mi\u0300nh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn co\u0300n mang nh\u01b0\u0303ng qua\u0301n ti\u0301nh cu\u0303 x\u01b0a t\u01b0\u0300ng k\u00ea\u0300m ha\u0303m \u0111\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c. Qu\u00f4\u0301c gia thi\u00ea\u0301u m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0309ng \u0111a\u0323o \u0111\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0323nh me\u0303 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m gia\u0301 \u0111\u01a1\u0303, thi\u00ea\u0301u tinh th\u00e2\u0300n \u201cv\u0103n minh-khai sa\u0301ng\u201d, m\u00f4\u0323t y\u0301 chi\u0301 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u0323 l\u01b0\u0323c t\u01b0\u0323 c\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng, thi\u00ea\u0301u hi\u00ea\u0309u bi\u00ea\u0301t s\u00e2u s\u0103\u0301c nh\u01b0\u0303ng gi\u0300 la\u0300m n\u00ean s\u01b0\u0301c ma\u0323nh qu\u00f4\u0301c gia – gia\u0301o du\u0323c, khoa ho\u0323c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323, va\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t th\u00ea\u0309 ch\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 v\u0103n ho\u0301a thi\u0301ch h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00ea\u0309 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n – nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Nh\u00e2\u0323t t\u01b0\u0300ng la\u0300m tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111\u00e2y; con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam v\u00e2\u0303n co\u0300n qua\u0301n ti\u0301nh \u201cba\u0300i ngoa\u0323i\u201d ng\u00e2\u0301m ng\u00e2\u0300m, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u01a1\u0301i s\u01b0\u0323 thi\u00ea\u0301u ho\u0323c ho\u0309i nghi\u00eam tu\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u01a1\u0301i, thi\u00ea\u0301u nhi\u0300n nh\u00e2\u0323n s\u01b0\u0323 tu\u0323t h\u00e2\u0323u cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh; ti\u0301nh \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u0323 ma\u0303n, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, sa\u0301o mo\u0300n, v\u00f4 ca\u0309m, l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i la\u0300m \u0103n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, o\u0301c m\u00ea ti\u0301n di\u0323 \u0111oan, o\u0301c chu\u00f4\u0323ng hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c, h\u01b0 danh, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u2026 \u0110o\u0301 la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0301n na\u0323n cho s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ee5 \u201ck\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i\u201d v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t: <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec n\u1ee9c n\u1edf khen ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu x\u00e9t v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh hay l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay? Ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1eafm. T\u1eeb l\u00fac Minh Tr\u1ecb duy t\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn 24 n\u0103m sau h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo khuynh M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 lo l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u r\u00e1t c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1! Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd qua b\u1ec3n l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u2018G\u1ea7n m\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111en g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec s\u00e1ng\u2019. Sao nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb sang Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111em c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 cho d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1edd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? R\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y! Hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t \u1edf trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103ng? Hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 thanh kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf n\u1ed5i ch\u0103ng? L\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00e8n h\u1ea1, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00e0o \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m nay m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00ea m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i mu\u1ed9i, b\u00edt m\u1eaft v\u00edt tay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu xem x\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i hay c\u00e1i kh\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\u201d20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ta nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh T\u00e0u, hai l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh T\u00e0u, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c khoa c\u1eed l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00e1m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 m\u1eaft ra th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t to t\u00e1t nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi du h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, l\u1eadp d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng an nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec. [\u2026]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u1ed3n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c khoa c\u1eed gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ednh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t sau th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngoa v\u1eady.\u201d21<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cT\u00f4i n\u00f3i t\u1eeb n\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd th\u1eadt c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i. V\u1eady xin anh em cho t\u00f4i n\u00f3i t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00ec lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, d\u00e2n ta h\u00e8n c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh b\u1ec9 gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Anh em ta h\u00e3y g\u1eafng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i.\u201d22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 c\u1ea3m\u201dc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o\u201d do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, xem Nho gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3, xem c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9: “Nh\u1eadt n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi, Xi\u00eam n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi; M\u1ecdi th\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1edb nh\u01b0 ta l\u00e0 con th\u1ea7n ch\u00e1u th\u00e1nh, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o ta l\u1ea1i \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi hay sao?”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, trong khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3n s\u0103\u0301c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ho\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 r\u00f4\u0300i tu\u0323t h\u00e2\u0323u, thua ke\u0301m ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta, bi\u0323 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta b\u0103\u0301t na\u0323t, hay \u0111\u00f4 h\u00f4\u0323 m\u01a1\u0301i la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 si\u0309 nhu\u0323c l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i ho\u0323. Tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 software, tr\u00ean c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n hardware \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng ho\u0323c m\u01a1\u0301i la\u0300 v\u00f4 minh, la\u0300 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c sau se\u0303 \u0111a\u0301nh m\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u00f4\u0323c l\u00e2\u0323p d\u00e2n t\u00f4\u0323c thi\u00eang li\u00eang cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh va\u0300o tay ngoa\u0323i bang, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ti\u00ea\u0301n ho\u0301a cu\u0309a loa\u0300i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111au xo\u0301t ch\u01b0\u0301ng minh.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn no\u0301 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, la\u0323i qu\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4\u0323t h\u00ea\u0323 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng c\u00f4\u0301 \u0111i\u0323nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ngoa\u0300i: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed th\u1ebf \u1ea5y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i sinh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ebf kia, l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi cho kh\u00e9o, g\u1ecdt c\u00e2u cho ch\u1ec9nh, vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef cho t\u1eed t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra n\u0103m b\u1ea3y c\u00e1ch, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi v\u0103n cho b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y m\u00e0 \u00fd t\u1eeb d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1eb7n b\u00e3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Nho c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00ec. C\u00e1i th\u00f3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u01b0a h\u01b0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <\/span>thi\u00ean t\u00ednh<\/i><\/span> c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y th\u00ec d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean t\u01b0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ee5t \u0111i, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u1eady.\u201d23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi c\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, Fukuzawa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 danh v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o <\/span>th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/span> (jitsugaku, h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u: \u201cH\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u00f3c b\u00faa, \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u1ed5 v\u0103n kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c <\/span>waka<\/i><\/span> (h\u00f2a ca), l\u00e0m th\u01a1 hay b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u00fa v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 H\u00f2a h\u1ecdc (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay. X\u01b0a nay, \u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o gi\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 <\/span>ch\u00f4nin<\/i><\/span> (th\u1ecb d\u00e2n) n\u00e0o gi\u1ecfi <\/span>waka<\/i><\/span> m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong chuy\u1ec7n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng <\/span>ch\u00f4nin <\/i><\/span>v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch t\u00e1nh lo xa ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1n gia b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n xa v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 b\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i xem l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng <\/span>jitsugaku<\/i><\/span> g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d24<\/sup><\/a> Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u201ct\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ebft\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Nakae Ch\u00f4min \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Fukuzawa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi Trung Hoa. Trong <\/span>Khuy\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/span> \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00fd do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u0169 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa.\u201d25<\/sup><\/a> Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u00f4ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1c Trung Hoa, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, khi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u201cH\u1ee1i tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Trung Hoa! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Trung Hoa n\u1eefa. H\u00e3y xa l\u00e1nh ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3!\u201d26<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u2605<\/p>\n

        N<\/span><\/span>g\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 cu\u0300ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 <\/span>t\u00f2 m\u00f2<\/i><\/span> v\u00e0 <\/span>s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i><\/span> nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng l\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ean quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u00ea\u0309 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n tri\u0301 tu\u00ea\u0323. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, hay T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau, v\u00ec \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 ngu d\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, h\u1ecd xem Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed, M\u1ea1nh t\u1eed, \u0110\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Minh Tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, r\u1ed3i sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. <\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecd (ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, t\u00f3c tai, kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n qu\u00ean \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Meiji n\u0103m 1871 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: \u201cMong mu\u1ed1n s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i \u0103n m\u1eb7c, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c.\u201d B\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Erwin B\u00e4lz, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh y c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong s\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3: \u201cH\u1ecd kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u2026\u2019T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e3 man\u2026Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u2026\u2019\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u1ecd c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ch\u00f9m t\u00f3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb samurai, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u00f2, <\/span>sukiyaki<\/i><\/span>. K\u1ecbch Kabuki, sumo, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Minh Tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880.27<\/sup><\/a> T\u00ednh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Vua, quan, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi tinh hoa c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sang m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u1eed \u1edf Trung Hoa k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1705 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1919 m\u1edbi b\u00e3i b\u1ecf. Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc <\/span>T\u1ee9 th\u01b0, Ng\u0169 kinh<\/i><\/span> v\u00e0 <\/span>B\u1eafc s\u1eed<\/i><\/span> (s\u1eed Trung Hoa). B\u1eafc s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ea7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00edch c\u00fa, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 b\u00e1t c\u00fa hay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u1ed1ng Nho \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ecb gi\u00e1o\u201d v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ea7u \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u00f2 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201cs\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c\u201d. Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u ta th\u00e1n trong <\/span>Ng\u1ee5c trung th\u01b0<\/i><\/span> v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cV\u00ec l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc khoa c\u1eed nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111ang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n m\u00e2y bay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh b\u1eaft b\u00f3ng theo ch\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u. B\u00e0 con ta mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee1i m\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1edbt gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed, d\u1ea7u ai c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng theo th\u1eddi \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111i. Than \u00f4i! Ch\u1ed5i c\u00f9n trong nh\u00e0, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen th\u00e0nh ra r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u1eddi trang tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ti\u00eau hao ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p khoa c\u1eed g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i v\u1eady.\u201d28<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Hay l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cThan \u00f4i! \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, gi\u00f3 M\u1ef9 m\u01b0a \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong c\u01a1n m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng ng\u1ee7 say. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ebfch n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng, ki\u1ebfn \u1edf trong hang, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. Ngh\u0129 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai h\u01a1n b\u00e0 con n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        L\u00e0 b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh thu\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ng\u1ed3i nh\u00e0, tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n g\u00ec, quanh qu\u1ea9n trong v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a thi c\u1eed H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; v\u1eady c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o ngay qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tai \u0111i\u1ebfc m\u1eaft \u0111ui, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.\u201d29<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim vi\u1ebft trong <\/span>Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c<\/i><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cT\u1eeb th\u1eadp c\u1eedu th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u1edf \u0111i, v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u00e1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00e9o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean b\u00fat, b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec phi Nghi\u00eau Thu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i H\u1ea1, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Chu, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9 \u0111em l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec5u ngh\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 d\u00e3 man. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. Tuy c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 \u1edf nh\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 n\u00f3i b\u1eady, l\u00e0m h\u1ee7y h\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng!30<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u1eed l\u00e0m quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tuy h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp thu, h\u1ecdc Nho gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u201cc\u1ea7m t\u00f9\u201d m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 <\/span>Ogy\u016b Sorai<\/i><\/span> (1666-1728). Sorai x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Chu Di (1130-1200) th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng (T\u00e2n-Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o). Sorai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Chu Di \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch trong \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201c<\/span>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc) thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/i><\/span>\u201d, Sorai vi\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 hai, Chu Di v\u00e0 Sorai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi\u2019, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u201cdo con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra\u201d. Tuy c\u00e1i v\u1ecf gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng hai h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.31<\/sup><\/a> Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp va\u0300 sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u2605<\/p>\n

        X<\/span><\/span>in m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan: <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cNh\u01b0 ti\u00ean sinh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebb s\u0129 vai g\u00e1nh giang s\u01a1n, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh x\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u00e1ch toan l\u01b0\u1eddng, trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u1eeba, tr\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft bao hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ebfm bi\u1ebft bao m\u00f9i cay \u0111\u1eafng … th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u00ean sinh c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u00f4m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111eo \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e3i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1eddi ra; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng danh v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u01b0\u01a1m k\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u1ed5, s\u00fang g\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o lay chuy\u1ec3n, s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng S\u00e0o Nam (Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u), ch\u00ed kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, ph\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3, c\u00e1i l\u00f2ng c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n v\u1eady.\u201d32<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 24.3.1926 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 54 tu\u1ed5i. C\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm l\u00e0m sao! S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a C\u1ee5, t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 80.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e1m tang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu\u201d: l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh <\/span>c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/i><\/span>, hay <\/span>c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/span> m\u00e0 bao qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. T\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, \u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 khai minh, c\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c khai minh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u00f4\u0301n ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Minh Tr\u1ecb t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc xung quanh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau \u0111o\u0301. C\u1ea7n b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m quan, h\u1ecdc n\u1eeda v\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd, th\u00f3i m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh bi quan. C\u1ea7n b\u1ecf ngay th\u00f3i \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; tr\u00e1nh ch\u0103m ch\u0103m c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ti\u1ebfp l\u1ed1i c\u0169 s\u00e1o m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n ca\u0301ch no\u0301i c\u1ee7a Bertolt Brecht, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng n\u00fai. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, sau m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kia.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00ec lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, d\u00e2n ta h\u00e8n c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh b\u1ec9 gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta. Anh em ta h\u00e3y g\u1eafng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

        Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u00e1ng 5, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n

        Xem th\u00eam<\/em>:<\/p>\n

        Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u2013 Sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 150<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n