{"id":12546,"date":"2025-01-11T17:26:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T10:26:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=12546"},"modified":"2025-02-14T20:18:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T13:18:29","slug":"12546-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/12546-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U s\u00e1ch <\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

KHI CON CHIP L\u00caN NG\u00d4I<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01a0 H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 TH\u00c1CH TH\u1ee8C N\u00c0O CHO VI\u1ec6T NAM?<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Morris Chang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, qua l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0i Loan t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec say m\u00ea c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Morris Chang \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty TSMC c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00f4i th\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Qua ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Morris Chang v\u00e0 TSMC, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch KH&CN \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 KH&CN v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\"\"\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi trong bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n. T\u00f4i quen anh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2 n\u0103m, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea khu Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0, do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u1eef c\u00f3 nh\u00e3 \u00fd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, anh D\u00e2n k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc anh ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a anh. T\u00f4i \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u00edt. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi chia tay, anh D\u00e2n b\u1ea3o, anh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. T\u00f4i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 li\u1ec1n xin anh cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi anh v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i New York, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean anh D\u00e2n b\u00e1o t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i con chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/em> g\u1ed3m 12 b\u00e0i. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edfi m\u1ebb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i xin anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang ra m\u1eaft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 anh s\u1eafp gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i th\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec3n l\u00ean s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nghe b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c Die Kleine Nachtmusik<\/em>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch \u201cTi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1 kh\u00fac\u201d, c\u1ee7a Mozart, th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vui, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2m ra lo l\u1eafng. L\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 chen ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n anh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t con chip, nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed! \u00d4i chao! N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em>,<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc vi r\u00fat Covid-19. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t network qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: H\u00e0 Lan, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3. TQ tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tr\u00e1i bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Mao, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cto\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u00d4ng Liu Yadong, c\u1ef1u t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u00e1o Science and Technology Daily<\/em> cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2018to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u2019 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u2018top-down\u2019 (m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap TQ gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng Olympic v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/em>.\u201d T\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i duy \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia, cho d\u00f9 qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1edbi may ra m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>,<\/p>\n

m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e0i n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eebng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong c\u00e1c cty chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf M\u1ef9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u01b0 Morris Chang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u1edf Texas Instruments, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n TSMC th\u00e0nh g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 to kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Hay Kim Choong-Ki c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eebng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0110H Columbia, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 transistor v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Fairchild Camera and Instrument, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed1 gi\u00e0\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn KAIST.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c ki\u1ec1u d\u00e2n h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. TQ c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, v\u1eaft \u00f3c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Kim Choong-Ki n\u00f3i: \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i [b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a] c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn\u2026. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.\u201d <\/em>V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: <\/em>\u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i theo \u0111u\u00f4i h\u1ecd th\u00f4i.\u201d C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/em>\u00a0330 trang, Cty V\u0103n h\u00f3a & Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Nh\u00e3 Nam, 2025.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh transistor v\u00e0 con chip trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940-70.<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 chip v\u00e0 transistor c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
  3. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa TQ v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cty chip tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p. CHIPS and Science Act<\/strong> n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Samsung, TSMC v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf TQ.<\/li>\n
  4. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o TQ t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i TQ, nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, ASEAN.<\/li>\n
  5. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TT Joe Biden \u01b0u \u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u00e1c cty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a VN c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c cty big tech. Nh\u01b0ng xin \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ef1 r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thanh nam ch\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t. Quanh ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thanh nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  6. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia X n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft, X c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Tuy th\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip? TQ c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb know-how c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e0i Loan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch \u201ct\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (gradualist) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong khi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cx\u00f4ng t\u1edbi\u201d (thrust). X ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
  7. Hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh quang t\u1eed (photonics computer) v\u00e0 M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum computer), v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 anh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tham gia. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Einstein. Ng\u00e0y 9\/12, Google th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con chip l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean Willow c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat m\u00e0 c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t 10 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7, 1025<\/sup>, n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c quantum computing s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra con chip khoa h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i con chip chi ph\u1ed1i\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ernst Cassirer th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng n\u00f3i:\u00a0[Khoa h\u1ecdc]\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>.” Cu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng qua con chip, v\u0103n minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con chip, for better or worse. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0homo sapiens<\/em>, tri th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 anh ch\u00e0ng Faust\u00a0trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Goethe,\u00a0nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Mephisto, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    2025 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u0103m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (1925-2025) c\u1ee7a Heisenberg, Schr\u00f6dinger v\u00e0 Dirac mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7c m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Planck, Einstein v\u00e0 Bohr c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i.<\/p>\n

    Xem th\u00eam: Einstein v\u00e0 Heisenberg – Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n V\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/em>:<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/einstein-va-heisenberg-nhung-nguoi-dat-nen-tang-cho-nen-vat-ly-hien-dai-k-kleinknecht\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 TSMC, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TSMC c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3, bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7t g\u1eedi v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n 110 tri\u1ec7u USD<\/strong> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty TSMC (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 250 tri\u1ec7u USD<\/strong> n\u0103m 2021), gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y TSMC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0i Loan th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t nh\u00ec trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. TSMC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n an ninh cho \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch.\u201d (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 16). GDP \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan n\u0103m 1987 l\u00e0 $5,325, ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n VN hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1ed9t t\u00ed th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 ai mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 sinh l\u1ee3i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Gothic v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed, th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 60% chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m g\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i OPEC g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 12 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 40% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60% x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u2026 V\u00ec v\u1eady x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 60% chip to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i OPEC. (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 17)<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u00e1ch t\u1eaft, v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i xin k\u1ebft th\u00fac, anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/em><\/p>\n

    Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i <\/em>t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch hay nh\u1ea5t<\/em>, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, khai s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t v\u0169 b\u00e3o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mong mu\u1ed1n VN tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 vi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng tin cho gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh D\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh D\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y l\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span>, 10\/1\/2025<\/p>\n

    B<\/span>u\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/strong><\/em> s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, ng\u00e0y 11\/1\/2025 t\u1ea1i Nam Thi House (m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u1ea5m c\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 th\u00eam “linh h\u1ed3n”) \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nam K\u1ef3 Kh\u1edfi Ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. TS Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u00f4t competence cao. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m<\/strong>\u1ed9t kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 chip trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n mua b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Cty Nh\u00e3 Nam v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3ng d\u1ea1y<\/strong><\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tin r\u1ea5t vui.<\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e3 Nam cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 quang c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n\"\"\n

     <\/p>\n

    X<\/span>in xem m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em>:<\/span><\/h3>\n

    ‘Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i’ – v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/span><\/h1>\n

    https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/khi-con-chip-len-ngoi-vi-tri-viet-nam-trong-cuoc-dua-chip-ban-dan-4844040.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    ‘C\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u’<\/span><\/h1>\n

    https:\/\/nguoidothi.net.vn\/can-tan-dung-co-hoi-lich-su-de-tro-thanh-mat-xich-cua-chuoi-san-xuat-chip-toan-cau-46766.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn?<\/span><\/h1>\n

    https:\/\/znews.vn\/viet-nam-nam-o-dau-tren-ban-do-ban-dan-post1524316.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi Con Chip L\u00ean Ng\u00f4i \u2013 C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i V\u00e0 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c N\u00e0o Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam? PDF<\/span><\/h1>\n

    https:\/\/www.cdgdangiang.edu.vn\/sach\/khi-con-chip-len-ngoi-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-nao-cho-viet-nam-pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ra m\u1eaft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cKhi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i\u201d, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/span><\/h1>\n

    https:\/\/www.anninhthudo.vn\/ra-mat-cuon-sach-khi-con-chip-len-ngoi-tro-chuyen-cung-tac-gia-nguyen-trung-dan-post600957.antd<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u2042<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

    C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT 11\/1\/2025<\/strong>. T\u00f4i v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a GS tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110H Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110o\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i. NXX<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Anh Xanh m\u1ebfn,<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh, bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u hay. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00ean s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gs D\u00e2n ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. R\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa khi bi\u1ebft trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung M\u01b0u (Morris Chang), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp TSCM v\u00e0 \u00f4ng L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh (Li Kwok-Ting). Ts L\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Silicon Valley Taiwan (\u1edf T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5).<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1edbi anh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sang v\u1eadt l\u00fd (\u00d4ng\u00a0L\u00fd t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0110h Cambridge), v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Harvard\/MIT\/Stanford). \u00d4ng L\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c National Taiwan University (NTU) v\u00e0 \u0110h Stanford\u00a0l\u1eadp gh\u1ebf Gi\u1ea3ng t\u00f2a (The Li KT Chair Professorship). T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng trong b\u1eefa c\u01a1m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c (hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng)\u00a0NTU thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i \u00f4ng d\u1ecbp \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh cho t\u00e2n sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y Khai gi\u1ea3ng (l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho NTU). \u00d4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p trong b\u1eefa c\u01a1m t\u1ed1i\u00a0Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c NTU m\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Terry Gou (Qu\u00e1ch \u0110\u00e0i Danh), ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Foxconn, t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c. Hai \u00f4ng Qu\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1eb7ng cho NTU g\u1ea7n 600 tri\u1ec7u US dollars n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch l\u00e3m, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1ec1\u00a0tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c L\u00fd\u00a0bi\u1ebft hai \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 b\u1eefa c\u01a1m “gia \u0111\u00ecnh” bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i,\u00a0do ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c n\u1ea5u. Trong b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i,\u00a0\u00d4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (th\u1eddi Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng), v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Qu\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Foxconn\u00a0th\u00ec m\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng D\u0169ng (2007) \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Ninh, B\u1eafc Giang… (Sau 1 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u00a0v\u00ec Foxconn g\u1eb7p \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 (c\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec7n) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u00d4i, n\u1ebfu TSMC s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd VN h\u00f4m nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng\u00a0NVIDIA nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng tr\u1ee9ng, h\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee9ng hoa n\u1eefa.\u00a0\u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a NVIDIA m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111i ch\u1ee3. M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean NTU.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh Qu\u1ed1c, L\u00fd \u0110\u0103ng Huy, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0T\u00f4n V\u1eadn Tuy\u1ec1n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0\u00a0L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung M\u01b0u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0U80\u00a0g\u1eedi anh<\/span>
    \n\u0110o\u00e0n <\/span><\/div>\n
    H\u1ebft<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n

    Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh \u0110o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac<\/em>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2014 Hsinchu (T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac) v\u00e0 B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/em>: <\/span><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/hsinchu-tan-truc-va-bai-hoc-cat-canh-cua-dai-loan\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \u2014T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac (Hsinchu) Silicon v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0110\u00e0i Loan (t\u00f3m t\u1eaft):<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tan-truc-hsinchu-silicon-va-cuoc-cong-nghiep-hoa-dai-loan\/<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

    \u2042<\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em>:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan.\u00a0H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh<\/strong>[1]<\/a> (Kwoh-Ting Li)\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Morris Chang<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn<\/em><\/strong>,<\/p>\n

    X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia n\u00f3 ra l\u00e0m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng: Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chia c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n: s\u0103n b\u1eafn h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i du m\u1ee5c, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, l\u00fac Smith s\u1ed1ng, sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u0103n b\u1eafn, h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo factory, t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, xe l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi trong khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m, v\u00f9ng Boston v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

    Th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e3nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u201cy\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin\u201d t\u1eeb th\u1eddi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. Tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhau. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y in nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng New England, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m in ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    Khi N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn<\/em> b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u2013 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1870, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 200.000 d\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1890. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, 2\/3 s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi 7 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o (electric telegraph) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ebfn New Orleans ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1848 v\u00e0 San Francisco v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tin t\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1848, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1edf New York \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp New York Associated Press<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1859, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n AP ng\u00e0y nay \u201c\u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Alexander Graham Bell (b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1876) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u2013 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ngay n\u0103m 1881, C\u00f4ng ty \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i Bell \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chip v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra l\u00fac 9 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1952, t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Bell \u1edf Murray Hill, New Jersey, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 30 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (transistor), t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u2018big bang\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 tung b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i xa v\u00e0 qui m\u00f4. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed 25.000 USD cho \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ba Lan, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea1i Bell Labs v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. AT&T nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, AT&T s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra doanh thu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u01a1 quan ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Wikipedia)<\/p>\n

    H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n ba ch\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty T\u00e2y \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. Trong danh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1952, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c linh ki\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn: Minneapolis Honeywell, Raytheon Manufacturing, Texas Instruments (TI), General Electric (GE), International Business Machines (IBM), NCR, v\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng ty quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Philips, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Melchip, Siemens & Halske.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ee5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a transistor v\u00e0 chip<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (transistor) ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 mang theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u transistors k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con chip, hay m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (integrated circuit, IC). C\u1ea3 hai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cn\u00e3o\u201d c\u1ee7a computer. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh doanh M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 transistor v\u00e0 chip c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1edbn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbig science\u201d. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Bell Labs \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 5.700 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em> v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong t\u00e1m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, Bell Labs c\u00f3 17.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i 700 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng Bell Labs kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 GE, IBM, NCR v\u00e0 RCA c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, trong khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c m\u00e0y m\u00f2 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin then ch\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ednh<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y quay \u0111\u0129a, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t minh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Xa l\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    Hai t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

    V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1983, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed TIME \u0111\u00e3 vinh danh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/em> l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e1y c\u1ee7a n\u0103m\u201d cho n\u0103m 1982. \u201cM\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i.\u201d N\u0103m 1982, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u0103m\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd: Apple, Commodore, IBM, Sinclair Research, v.v. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng! (Courtesy of TIME)<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u201cTr\u00ean internet, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3.\u201d Tranh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Peter Steiner. B\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2013, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a The New Yorker v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Steiner thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 200.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 250.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2023, b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n tranh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 175.000 USD t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i b\u00e1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Heritage Auctions. B\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Nobody Knows I’m a Dog<\/em> (kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3) b\u1edfi Alan David Perkins. V\u1edf k\u1ecbch xoay quanh 6 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean Internet, do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 danh. (Wiki) B\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c hay c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay th\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay th\u1ebf Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. PC, Internet l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u0103m 1998, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cao c\u1ea5p Ira Magaziner c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Clinton v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u201ctrong ba n\u0103m qua, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 do t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Internet.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Humboldt th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ti\u00ean phong. Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Singapore, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng y\u00eau th\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ecb d\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n? Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Thomas Jefferson r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. Tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111ang l\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Tu ch\u00ednh \u00e1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em> v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111a nguy\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u2013 b\u00e1o in, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u2013 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00e0n c\u00e3i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

    ***<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u00e1u v\u1eadt\u201d nh\u1ecf x\u00edu c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Anh c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a anh v\u1ec1 con chip, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng n\u0103m 2022, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta. G\u1eb7p anh v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n Thuy\u00ean th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang 2023, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

    Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 con chip c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i khai s\u00e1ng<\/em> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau \u1ea5y. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

    Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng khai minh l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim, kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 \u0111i. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em> c\u1ee7a TS Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ra tay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, hay ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua moonshot. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi con chip, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, con chip c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u01b0u th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc transistor silicon \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean mang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u 2N696 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 391 San Antonio Road, Mountain View, California, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fairchild c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u1ecdn t\u00e1m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u201d ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1958. L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m 100 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho IBM v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 150 USD m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1.409 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom B-70. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho Autonetics \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o Minuteman. Ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e0 m\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean EINAC c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1945. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 18.000 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. (Getty images) Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e0y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 transistor r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c con chip nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a phi thuy\u1ec1n Apollo l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950-60 transistor c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00ec b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 \u0111ang lo t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. Akio Morita, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sony, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc transistor cho kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Masaru Ibuka, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 high-tech, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 mua patent \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1953, Morita b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gia d\u1ee5ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Morita hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Charles de Gaulle kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 transistor, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o chip, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gia d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a transistor v\u00e0 chip. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua l\u1ea1i patent c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc transistor, gi\u1eefa 1953-54, v\u00e0 cho ra chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Texas Instrument ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1ng sinh 1954.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor TR-55 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Sony.<\/p>\n

    Xin m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c. Mua patent l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c \u2013 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Sony \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Kazuo Iwama qua M\u1ef9 thu th\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, xem t\u1eadn m\u1eaft d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Tokyo. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o Iwama\u201d. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Iwama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Takushi Otani ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0Historia Scientiarum<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 26\u20122 (2017) d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0Technology Transfer as a Dialogical Process Crossing the Pacific Ocean: Sony\u02bcs Transistor Technology Transfer<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t case study r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ai mua patent v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

    V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Texas Instruments quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n! Morita c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1eadt Hayato Ikeda l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor c\u1ee7a Sony cho de Gaulle. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i M\u1ef9 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean k\u1ecbp chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh \u0111ang l\u0103n b\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con chip t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1n tsunami \u0111e d\u1ecda ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, Nikita Khrushchev \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM t\u1ea1i San Jose n\u0103m 1959, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 1960 de Gaulle c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon (1971).\u00a0Khrushchev l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb \u201cta \u0111\u00e2y\u201d, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 C\u0103ng-tin c\u1ee7a IBM, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a IBM! \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 2 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng Sputnik l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ee9 hai, Khrushchev \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft trong v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p Rosenberg n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Khrushchev d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (microelectronics). Khrushchev \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u201cVi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00f3c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u201cB\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 qua m\u1eb7t\u201d n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng con chip SN-51 c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments do m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ean Boris Malin mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 mang v\u1ec1, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Alexander Shokin ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00f4ng ta: \u201cC\u00f3p n\u00f3\u201d, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn Zelenograd, \u201cth\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Xanh\u201d \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Moscow, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Soviet Silicon.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Khrushchev th\u0103m IBM t\u1ea1i San Jose th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch IBM Thomas J. Watson Jr. (tr\u00e1i) ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. Photo: courtesy of IBM<\/p>\n

    D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Thung l\u0169ng silicon kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, hay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 Zelenograd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, trong khi Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ty tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0m ra transistor m\u1edbi, th\u00ec Nga \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m, cluster, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Khrushchev ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng coup bao v\u00e2y Berlin, hay cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecfa ti\u1ec5n Cuba, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i con chip v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1988, sau khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs hay IBM \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ronald Reagan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc 600 sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia Moscow t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng vinh quang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n do M\u1ef9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty high-tech c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 anh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con chip t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng; s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n ti\u1ebfp thu n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp con chip c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0110\u00e0i Loan trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip \u1edf quy m\u00f4 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Anh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb do chip t\u1ea1o ra. Chip l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n v\u0169 kh\u00ed. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua gi\u1eefa TQ v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quang t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi. Anh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, trong khi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/em> l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111i n\u1eefa. Th\u00e1ng 5, 2017, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n TQ ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng c\u1edd v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Ke Jie (Kha Khi\u1ebft) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb AlphaGo c\u1ee7a DeepMind Technologies, Google, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i trong ba v\u00e1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u201cth\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh\u201d \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed Niels Bohr c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, Ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t kinh v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i xin n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u00d4ng L\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n

    Xem th\u00eam: Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cuoc-hoa-rong-va-gioi-tinh-hoa-ky-tri\/<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    v\u00e0 C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng minh:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/can-mot-cuoc-thay-doi-thong-minh\/<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U s\u00e1ch KHI CON CHIP L\u00caN NG\u00d4I C\u01a0 H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 TH\u00c1CH TH\u1ee8C N\u00c0O CHO VI\u1ec6T NAM? T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y   \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Morris Chang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12546"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12546"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13034,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12546\/revisions\/13034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}