{"id":13066,"date":"2025-03-15T23:05:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-15T16:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13066"},"modified":"2025-03-17T09:25:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T02:25:13","slug":"chu-nghia-lang-man-duc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/chu-nghia-lang-man-duc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A L\u00c3NG M\u1ea0N \u0110\u1ee8C<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u2014 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng”<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee3 c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee3 m\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn t\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014Joseph von Eichendorff<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng nay th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, ng\u00e0y 15\/3\/2025 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc TS Pham Kim H\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m 108 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c,\u00a0 t\u1eeb Goethe, Schiller, Heine, H\u00f6lderlin \u0111\u1ebfn Hermann Hesse, v\u00e0 Bertolt Brecht, Eric Fried, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng song ng\u1eef v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 ch\u1ecb Th\u00e1i Mai Lan, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Goethe Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u1edf cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Phan Ch\u00e1nh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng tham d\u1ef1. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, c\u1ee7a hai kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 MC Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea3o duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 smart \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Nam Thi, s\u1ed1 152 Nam K\u1ef3 Kh\u1edfi Ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh quang c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y 15\/3\/2025 (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Th\u1ea3o, PhanBook cung c\u1ea5p)<\/p>\n

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Ba t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ea1n Hi\u1ec1n\/C\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb Mai Lan, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Goethe TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, MC Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb Phan Th\u1ecb L\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 Phanbook t\u1eb7ng hoa cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Phan Kim H\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn<\/em>,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m Th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Phan Kim H\u1ed5. Anh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Aachen. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho t\u1eadp th\u01a1 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a anh, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng y\u00eau th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1eafm. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Heinrich Heine, hay Bertolt Brecht c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi 108 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Phan Kim H\u1ed5 t\u00f4i tin mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u2013 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n thi ca \u0110\u1ee9c. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>. Ai s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u BVN S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qua vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng phu nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Immanuel Kant v\u00e0 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, hy v\u1ecdng T\u1eadp th\u01a1 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a anh Phan Kim H\u1ed5 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi ca v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u00ean s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Berlin, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n xin ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 chi ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e2ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00ean thi ca \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n<\/em> (Romantik, Romanticism) di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: phong tr\u00e0o Sturm und Drang<\/em>, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch Gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o v\u00e0 Th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/em>. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb, khi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Khai s\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1eafp ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t – ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Khai s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em> (Was ist Aufkl<\/em>\u00e4<\/em>rung?)<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kant \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1784 – th\u00ec Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u0169ng v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi R\u00fcdiger Safranski l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang:<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao qu\u00fd, c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i b\u00ed \u1ea9n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u2015Novalis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Novalis l\u00e0 ai? T\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Friedrich von Hardenberg, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00f9ng Saxon.<\/em> \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u1ee7a n\u00f3).\u201d \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n qua t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Athen\u00e6um<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a hai anh em Friedrich v\u00e0 August Wilhelm Schlegel th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1798 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp C\u00e1c b\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh ca v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam<\/em> (Hymnen an die Nacht). Anh em nh\u00e0 Schlegel c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Novalis (1772-1801)<\/p>\n\"\"\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201cT\u00f4i quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n. \u1edc n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i kia l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2212 ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m s\u00e2u, n\u01a1i hoang v\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng vang l\u00ean trong tim t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o tro t\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c xa x\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 trong m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i sau ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n.” (C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam<\/em>)<\/p>\n

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Novalis (1772-1801) v\u00e0 Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin (1770\u20131843) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, powerful, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. Khi t\u1ea3 v\u1ebb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Susette Gontard, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00f6lderlin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Diotima<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u00d4i! trong s\u1ef1 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn sung s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 xung quanh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m… m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong c\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/em><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p Susette \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen nhau t\u1eeb v\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfp<\/em>.\u00a0Khi t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 an b\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Khi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, khi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 M\u00f2 m\u1eabm t\u1eeb gi\u1edd n\u00e0y sang gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u1ecb n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00e1c,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u1ea3 n\u0103m tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n

(Hyperion)<\/p>\n

H\u00f6lderlin g\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb Paul Celan \u0111\u1ebfn Rainer Maria Rilke \u0111\u1ebfn Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Phong c\u00e1ch tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1976, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Spiegel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, Heidegger \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a H\u00f6lderlin\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ee9c Peter Weiss (1916 \u2013 1982) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u00f6lderlin. V\u1edf k\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Stuttgart \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1971), th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a bang Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg n\u01a1i H\u00f6lderlin sinh ra.[1]<\/a>\u00a0 V\u1edf k\u1ecbch sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. Weiss gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u201cm\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ea3y sinh \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u00ean<\/em> v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb, khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 ra, Hegel, Schelling v\u00e0 H\u00f6lderlin \u0111\u00e3 \u201cgi\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00eau\u201d ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eebng. V\u00e0 H\u00f6lderlin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n trong T\u00fcbinger Stift nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y, quy\u1ec3n Hyperion<\/em> v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m m\u1edf ra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin (1770\u20131843) v\u00e0 T\u00fcbinger Stift. T\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng (nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1p H\u00f6lderlin) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a H\u00f6lderlin t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1807 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1843.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t nam t\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. Eichendorff \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 “bay v\u00fat l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u1eeda tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, n\u00f3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean cao th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0n ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.” Theodor W. Adorno nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: “\u00d4ng (Eichendorff) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0.<\/em>” V\u00e2ng, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0, s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc, l\u00e0 motif<\/em> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Novalis c\u0169ng t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (1788-1857)<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Eichendorff, Heinrich Heine th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Goethe th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m N\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng Werther<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9. Goethe v\u00e0 Schiller thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c: C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ri\u00eang Schiller \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khai sinh ra ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00e2m<\/em> (Idealismus). Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00ean Schelling v\u00e0 Hegel v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00e0o, do khoa h\u1ecdc hay c\u1ea3 khai s\u00e1ng \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u1ea3 Khai s\u00e1ng. Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi: Kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi v\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trung c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cB\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng thi ca<\/em>\u201d (ein gedichteter Himmel) \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf (Stefan Matuschek).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u y\u00ean b\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cv\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (Matuschek).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Khai s\u00e1ng. V\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng phong tr\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/em>\u201d (Sturm und Drang <\/em>[2]<\/a>), phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1767-1785, n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 duy l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n S\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00f9<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o R\u00fcgen <\/em>l\u00e0 hai trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a danh h\u1ecda Caspar David Friedrich<\/b> (1774-1840) thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Khai s\u00e1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u201cho\u00e0i c\u1ed5\u201d \u2013 nostalgie – c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n (Ganzheitlichkeit) trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i: n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00e0m \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Apple c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 Ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u2013 Think different<\/em>. V\u00e0 Steve Jobs cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u201cph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, h\u1ecd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hegel l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i” [absolute Innerlichkeit]. N\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00e2m, hay c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o khai s\u00e1ng, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n\u201d (The Roots of Romanticism) n\u0103m 1965 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u0169 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t, trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Ph\u00e1p, Anh, \u00dd \u2026 . Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u00e0 to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i l\u00fd t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c (Bang) kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi Anh, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a n\u1eeda\u00a0 sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i trong khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Paris hay London. N\u0103m 1806 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Napoleon \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4t \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i Jena. Sau \u0111\u00f3 vua quan m\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Anh. Cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1840 Ph\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ea9y sinh ra m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u01a1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u0103ng hoa?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

TR\u1ea2I NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00c1 NH\u00c2N<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn<\/em>,<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Berlin (1980-86) \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda th\u00eam t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi ca \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00ean t\u00f4i. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng phai m\u1edd trong cu\u1ed9c “l\u1eadp th\u00e2n” (Werden) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch. Sau khi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Peter Weiss th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 65, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c \u00e9p to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

Peter Weiss (1916 \u2013 1982), ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n l\u1eeda v\u00e0 “truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n” cho t\u00f4i<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1ea7n theo ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng mang phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1eadp s\u1ef1, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1ebb tranh, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 v\u0103n<\/em>. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Peter Weiss c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf bung c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda l\u00e2u nay kh\u00e9p k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n x\u01b0a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p H\u00f6lderlin qua m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i d\u00f9m t\u00f4i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Lange tot und tiefverschlossen,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Gr\u00fc\u00dft mein Herz die sch\u00f6ne Welt;<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Seine Zweige bl\u00fchn und sprossen,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Neu von Lebenskraft geschwellt;<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 O! Ich kehre noch ins Leben,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Wie heraus in Luft und Licht<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Meiner Blumen selig Streben<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Aus der d\u00fcrren H\u00fclse bricht<\/em>.\u00a0(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Trong\u00a0Diotima<\/em>)<\/p>\n

[B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Phan Kim H\u1ed5, 2020:<\/p>\n

Khe\u0301p ki\u0301n t\u01b0\u0300 l\u00e2u, t\u01a1\u0323 nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f4\u0309\/Tim t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u0300ng ti\u0309nh \u0111o\u0301n th\u00ea\u0301 gian;\/Tr\u00ean ca\u0300nh, hoa la\u0301 bung ch\u00f4\u0300i n\u01a1\u0309 r\u00f4\u0323,\/Ng\u00f4\u0300n ng\u00f4\u0323n s\u01b0\u0301c s\u00f4\u0301ng m\u01a1\u0301i tu\u00f4n tra\u0300n;<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4! Cu\u00f4\u0323c \u0111\u01a1\u0300i \u01a1i ta co\u0300n tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i,\/T\u00e2\u0323n h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng a\u0301nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi\u0301 ma\u0301t la\u0300nh\/Nh\u01b0 hoa kia \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n mi\u0300nh th\u01b0 tha\u0301i\/Thoa\u0301t ra ngoa\u0300i vo\u0309 c\u01b0\u0301ng bao quanh.]<\/em>[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i khi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc, b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng t\u00f4i nghi\u1ec7m ra \u0111i\u1ec1u H\u00f6lderlin n\u00f3i: \u1ede s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi s\u0129<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa! V\u00e0 ...Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi v\u1ecb tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. <\/em>Ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Thi ca \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u201cche th\u00e2n\u201d cho t\u00f4i, sau khi t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u01a1i \u1ea5m. Xa r\u1ed3i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, xa r\u1ed3i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Newton hay Einstein, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau c\u1ee7a H\u00f6lderlin:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mang th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ph\u00f9 du, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Einstein n\u00f3i, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ph\u00f9 du \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi vong th\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Marx). \u0110\u00fang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Eichendorff:<\/p>\n

Wir alle sind verirret,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Seitdem so weit hinaus<\/em><\/p>\n

Unkraut die Welt verwirret,<\/em><\/p>\n

Findt keiner mehr nach Haus. <\/em><\/p>\n

(Eldorado)<\/em><\/p>\n

[Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i c\u1ea3,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111i xa<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u1ecf d\u1ea1i l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u00f9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi,<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.]<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng than mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 quanh qu\u1ea9n qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u201cch\u1ee3 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 m\u1eafm\u201d th\u00ec theo \u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u1eeba n\u00f3i! Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Heinrich Heine c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi ca \u0110\u1ee9c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n qua \u0111i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00ed hay \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe ng\u1ef1a m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng xe l\u1eeda \u1ed3n \u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecda s\u0129 Vincent van Gogh, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p Eichendorff qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i tim chung th\u1ee7y t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf,<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au,<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u1edf hoa,<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi hoa \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i,<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u0300 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u2014<\/strong>Joseph von Eichendorff <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00e0 khi hoa \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i\/Th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n t\u00f4i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i<\/em>\u201d: Eichendorff (1788-1857) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i \u0111au c\u1ee7a Van Gogh (1853-1890) m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u201cnh\u1edb nh\u00e0\u201d, Heimweh. Novalis t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0<\/em>. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. M\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3 c\u00f3 thi ca, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xung quanh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edbi, b\u1eb1ng thi ca, hay ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em> v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do<\/em>. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y mai m\u1ed9t, hay h\u00f2a tan \u201cb\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u1ec1m\u201d, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean ph\u00fa b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Kafka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kafka c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1edbn l\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh suy y\u1ebfu \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m vui s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/em>” nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Einsamkeit und Gemeinschaft)\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i thi v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\u201d (eine ungeheuere Welt) trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9 n\u00e1t ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n th\u00e0 x\u00e9 n\u00e1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i n\u00f3 trong t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Franz Kafka (1883-1924)<\/p>\n

Anh ch\u1ecb h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c qua t\u1eadp s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a anh Phan Kim H\u1ed5. V\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam n\u1ec1n thi ca v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng thi ca. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, hay nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sau chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u1ed5-Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1870 -71, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n thi ca v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi Weimar t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 Athens, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Wolf Lepenies nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? …. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Xin h\u1eb9n l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbp sau.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh,<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3, 2025<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Bang n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c: H\u00f6lderlin, Hegel, Schelling, Schiller, M\u00f6rike, Husserl, Hermann Hesse, Kepler, Daimler, Bosch, Einstein, Jaspers \u2026<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Abel Seyler v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1777.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m Ph\u00f9 Sa<\/em>, t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Berlin trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980: \u201cCh\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u\/B\u1ed7ng m\u1ed9t mai tim t\u00f4i b\u1eebng m\u1edf\/Ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n trong m\u1ecdi bu\u1ed3ng to nh\u1ecf\/L\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi nay m\u1edbi th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u<\/em>.\/ Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u01a1i, nay ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/em>\/Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh hoa nung n\u1ea5u b\u1ea5y ch\u00e0y<\/em>\/N\u1ea9y t\u1eeb trong tr\u0103m l\u1edbp v\u1ecf su\u00f4ng<\/em>\/V\u01b0\u01a1n t\u00ecm \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng<\/em>.\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T.M.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A L\u00c3NG M\u1ea0N \u0110\u1ee8C Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u2014 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng”   Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee3 c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee3 m\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13066"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13136,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13066\/revisions\/13136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}