{"id":13262,"date":"2025-04-30T09:28:22","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T02:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13262"},"modified":"2025-05-04T21:58:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T14:58:11","slug":"cam-nghi-thang-tu-cuoc-tien-quan-nao-sap-toi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cam-nghi-thang-tu-cuoc-tien-quan-nao-sap-toi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0: Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n n\u00e0o s\u1eafp t\u1edbi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C TI\u1ebeN QU\u00c2N N\u00c0O S\u1eaeP T\u1edaI<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00f2ng kim c\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu dai d\u1eb5ng?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \/ Ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em> g\u00ec.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014T\u00f4 L\u00e2m<\/strong><\/span>, T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u201cm\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n man di, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014It\u014d Hirobumi<\/strong>, <\/strong>Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014Amartya Sen<\/strong>, Nh\u00e0 kinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 Gi\u1ea3i Nobel\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Hai trang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 30-4<\/p>\n

C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT 4\/5\/2025<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Online t\u1ea1i link sau \u0111\u00e2y: <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/nghi-ve-cuoc-tien-quan-moi-20250425153654069.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

X<\/span>in chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 30-4<\/strong>. Sau 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i b\u0103n kho\u0103n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i h\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c<\/em>, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 bao l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thua k\u00e9m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

N<\/span>\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ecfa ra trong Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg<\/em><\/strong> 152 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, n\u0103m 1863, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ea1ng cho hai b\u00ean:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dien-van-gettysburg\/<\/a><\/p>\n

“T\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng cha ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n trong T\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb l\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch xem qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1edf dang m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cao qu\u00fd. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u2013 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2013 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i \u2013 r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c sinh n\u1edf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do \u2013 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n

\u2014Abraham Lincoln<\/strong> trong Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg<\/em><\/p>\n

Xin tr\u00edch t\u1eeb L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>:<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nam B\u1eafc (1861\u20131865), tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gettysburg thu\u1ed9c bang Pennsylvania v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1863 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u0129a trang di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1ee5t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda. \u201cLincoln \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Garry Wills vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 to\u00e1t l\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ghi trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n Jefferson, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh th\u1ea7n Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vun \u0111\u1eafp l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Lincoln hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ef1 leo thang t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u00f9 h\u1eadn (Hass) nh\u01b0 Clausewitz n\u00f3i, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t cao c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh hoang d\u00e3<\/em>. Cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0n g\u1eafn, b\u0103ng b\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Lincoln kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u00e0o, b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o, Nam hay B\u1eafc, ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Hoa K\u1ef3. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chung l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi sau. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 sinh ra l\u00e0 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. Gi\u1edd \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0n g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, b\u0103ng b\u00f3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00ean \u0111i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng sao cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1938, trong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Franklin D. Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh V\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u1edbi b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam. B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i b\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ecfa ra \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng John F. Kennedy t\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a trang qu\u1ed1c gia Arlington. B\u00e0 Jackie Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Gettysburg c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng ngh\u0129a trang, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Gettysburg v\u00e0 b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u00d4n Gia B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u00f2n trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t (Morrill Acts of 1862) cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c college h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khi ti\u1ebfp thu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Humboldt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nhi\u1ec1u college M\u1ef9 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt GI Bills khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N<\/span>h\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Han Kang, gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2024, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ra hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n \u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Han Kang c\u0169ng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 h\u1ecd n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra cho \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, T\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y, khi vi\u1ebft Human Acts<\/em>, Han Kang “c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ngh\u0129a trang”, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ch\u0103ng? “T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng”? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111i n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 cao nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n: b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Nobel \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00fd d\u00e0nh cho b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eabn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i l\u1eddi xin chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb. Ch\u00fac anh ch\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 vui.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, <\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>9-30\/4\/2025<\/span><\/p>\n

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G<\/span>\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1ee9c \u201cS\u00e0i g\u00f2n x\u01b0a\u201d th\u00e2n y\u00eau, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i du h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u201choang s\u01a1\u201d, im l\u00ecm, sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u201cthoi th\u00f3p\u201d. \u0110i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n ph\u1edf, hay qu\u00e1n c\u01a1m b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. Hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 t\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u00e0i, n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 xe honda \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u0169. Xe \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 khu t\u00f4i \u1edf v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 C\u01b0 X\u00e1 Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng ch\u00ecm trong b\u00f3ng \u0111en nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0n tay l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0103n t\u1ed1i xong t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i ng\u1ee7 s\u1edbm. Nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u00e0o d\u00e2y k\u1ebdm gai, song s\u1eaft. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1edbn l\u1eafm. Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi say r\u01b0\u1ee3u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 n\u00e2ng niu? Xe \u0111i b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham gia v\u00e0o \u201ckinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u201ckh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y tu, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a Adam Smith ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? Khi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft theo. Qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP khi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gdp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. GDP, hay c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ai ban b\u1ed1. Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ng\u00e3 \u00e1i (self-love), t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i (self-interest), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u1ea3n n\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ti\u00eau vong. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u201cCh\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u bia hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d nh\u01b0 Smith n\u00f3i trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1776. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u201cmong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ph\u1ed3n vinh<\/em>. Theo \u00f4ng, \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bt\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng man di th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/em>, thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng<\/em> (easy taxes) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c mang l\u1ea1i.\u201d Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m, th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110<\/span>\u1ed4I <\/span>\u00a0M<\/span>\u1edaI<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i kh\u00fac quanh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khao kh\u00e1t. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay da \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecbt. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Adam Smith b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, hay \u1edf Nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Sau b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e2m<\/em> ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, tuy c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh. Xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y sang tr\u1ecdng. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u0103m qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau b\u00e0n tay c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

N<\/span>h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng mong mu\u1ed1n. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f2n d\u00e0i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta. D\u1ec5 l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (manufacturing) h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n startup c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp doanh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u201ctay ch\u01a1i\u201d t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khai s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (learning culture), v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay, hay b\u00e1n ch\u00e2n tay, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao s\u1ebd kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cth\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201cs\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\u201d, gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, hay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Anh trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KINH NGHI\u1ec6M TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI<\/span><\/p>\n

Tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014Jacob Bronowski, <\/strong>nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh-Ba lan, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh The Ascent of Man\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

L<\/span>\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi “v\u00f2ng kim c\u00f4 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3” k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m do c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i? C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1800, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c \u00c2u, \u00c1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1600 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1800 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn (great divergence) \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1900, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Anh, B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan) gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n \u1edf Nam \u00c2u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c – c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m thu nh\u1eadp sau n\u0103m 1800, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1900, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u1edbn. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Anh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p? Chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Anh, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi Adam Smith m\u1ea5t.\u00a0V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII v\u00e0 XIX, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng trung du c\u1ee7a Anh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1750 tr\u1edf \u0111i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Birmingham v\u00e0 Manchester l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng sau n\u0103m 1750, trong khi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trong khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u2026 Trong kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean) so v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, H\u00f2a Lan, n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc sau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda thua cu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Adam Smith khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng n\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

V<\/span>\u00ec th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, hay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc (learning revolution). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh? TBT T\u00f4 L\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3ng h\u00e3y \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. C\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 T\u00f4 L\u00e2m n\u00f3i: \u201cNgh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec.\u201d M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n It\u014d Hirobumi c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u201c”Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i.” Ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3 tay, l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m tr\u00e1i tim c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gian kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u1edb g\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu dai d\u1eb3ng?<\/p>\n

M<\/span>\u1eb7t\u00a0kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb1n s\u00e2u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/em> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u2014<\/em>Geist-und Willens-Kapital \u2014 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Friedrich Nietzsche g\u1ecdi. Adam Smith c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Friedrich List c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang “ch\u00f9n ch\u00e2n”, v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m \u0103n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ch\u00ed, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd xung phong l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Adam Smith, trong quy\u1ec3n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a duy t\u00e2n. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “Khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng”, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd hoang d\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng an t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111em h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng minh<\/em>, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u oai h\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao hy sinh, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao, ph\u1ed3n vinh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, an ninh v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xin xem b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u Xu\u00e2n (\u1ea4t T\u1ef5 2025) – N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cam-nghi-dau-xuan-at-ty-2025\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 CU\u1ed8C TI\u1ebeN QU\u00c2N N\u00c0O S\u1eaeP T\u1edaI \u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00f2ng kim c\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu dai d\u1eb5ng? Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   \u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \/ Ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13262"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13262"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13341,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13262\/revisions\/13341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}