{"id":13384,"date":"2025-05-24T17:49:50","date_gmt":"2025-05-24T10:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13384"},"modified":"2025-05-24T18:39:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T11:39:04","slug":"hoi-uc-ve-tuong-lai-tran-van-tho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/hoi-uc-ve-tuong-lai-tran-van-tho\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed3i \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd)"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed2I \u1ee8C \u0110\u1ebeN T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI<\/span><\/h1>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i <\/em>s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nghe m\u1ed9t
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

v\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Charles Darwin<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch H\u1ed3i \u1ee8c \u0110\u1ebfn T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, bao g\u1ed3m thi ca, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c pha l\u1eabn t\u01b0 duy kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd. Anh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Waseda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. <\/span>Anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a thi ca v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin b\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y qua thi ca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 con m\u1ed9t chim kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u00f3t ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c r\u1eebng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sang tr\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng. Anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u00ean gia\u201d \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m phong ph\u00fa. Anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng khung m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e9o m\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi totality<\/em> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Thi ca, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Wolfgang von Goethe t\u1eebng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t hay (v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf):<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111i trong h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(Willst du ins Unendliche schreiten,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Geh nur im Endlichen nach allen Seiten.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i l\u00ean tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi W. von Humboldt, Bildung<\/em> \u2014 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n-nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Goethe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Johann Georg Hamann, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c: \u201cM\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i; m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3, Newton, A. Smith, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Schr\u00f6dinger. V\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m b\u00fat m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e0n? Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Irrtum<\/em>,”sai l\u1ea7m”\u00a0 nh\u01b0 Nietzsche n\u00f3i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, ngay c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chatbot th\u00f4ng minh. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng thi v\u1ecb (H\u00f6lderlin). H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Goethe quan ni\u1ec7m. Trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\u201d (Kafka) c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean n\u00f3, b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0ng \u1edf chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Jack Kornfield.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110a ph\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb “ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 Galilei, Newton, Einstein, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Goethe, Van Gogh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khao kh\u00e1t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111i, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00ean ph\u00fa th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch cam go. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/em> b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t freier K\u00fcnstler \u2014<\/em> ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1ef1 do. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 giam m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh ta. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00f3c fantasy v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u201cs\u00e1t nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi “sinh ra theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa”, n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 kho b\u00e1u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Charles Darwin v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac thi ca, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Euclid, c\u1eadu thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Charles ng\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron, Shakespeare, Milton. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Darwin \u0111\u00e3 mang theo cu\u1ed1n\u00a0Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t (Paradise lost, John Milton). <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c<\/span>\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng thi ca “no n\u00ea” \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m chinh ph\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc gian kh\u1ed5, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n explicit n\u1eefa. Thi ca \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y y\u00ean t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, anh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u0103m th\u00eam b\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u1ea5m v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a anh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Charles Darwin, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc<\/em>: <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tiec-nuoi-lon-nhat-cua-darwin\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Darwin s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 ganh t\u1ecb v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a anh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, anh Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c <\/a><\/em><\/span>, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i anh c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xin xem B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb<\/strong>, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ra m\u1eaft s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ecd:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/giao-su-tran-van-tho-gap-go-doc-gia-ba-mien-voi-hoi-uc-den-tuong-lai-20250521205123728.htm?zarsrc=30&utm_source=zalo&utm_medium=zalo&utm_campaign=zalo&gidzl=GNx2PQQbvL9BPCfWeRpjL4TanMQtxxe6KJZ1CRxaw05NRy9bwh2z0Wnicp2skhK7NJQVCZ3Uxnu5hgdhKW<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh ch\u1ecb. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1ef1 do<\/em>, anh Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u H\u1ed3i \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em><\/strong> n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec3 khi n\u00e0o b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu th\u00ec v\u1eabn nh\u1edb ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa \u1ed1c hermit \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i v\u1ecf v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 chui v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m disruptive c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, trong khi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a anh Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 organic, d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u motif<\/em>, n\u1ed9i dung thi v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t autobiography<\/em> c\u1ee7a anh, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, xin anh ch\u1ecb mi\u1ec5n th\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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B\u00eca sau v\u00e0 tay g\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (H\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Umeda Kunio ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I \u00a0\u00a0Nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u1ed9i t\u00f4i<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a thu\u1edf h\u00e0n vi<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp v\u1edf Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n theo th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u x\u01b0a T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n<\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf ch\u00e9p th\u01a1 \u0110inh H\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

G\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Bolero<\/p>\n

Kandagawa d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o thi ca Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh kh\u00fac Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u \u01a1i<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u th\u01a1 hy v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c xuy\u00ean th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng thu Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng thu Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt<\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n khai b\u00fat<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Waseda<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II \u00a0G\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng x\u01b0a nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e1c l\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i trong quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Trung<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb xu\u00e2n Quang Trung \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Phan Huy L\u00ea<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Okita Saburo v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh VAPEC<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00f5 H\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

Anh Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Nguy\u00ean: C\u00f4ng t\u00e2m, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Cao Huy Thu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3ng<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1n qu\u00fd Hu\u1ef3nh B\u1eedu S\u01a1n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Phan Ch\u00e1nh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i k\u00fd V\u00f5 Quang Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n III Nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n xa<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xoay chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u LDP Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/p>\n

Anh h\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Quan ch\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadt khi c\u00f4ng du n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m bao g\u1ea1o v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea7u Titanic v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Harvard<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Junko v\u00e0 t\u00f4i<\/p>\n

Shibusawa Eiichi: \u0110\u1ec9nh cao tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a kinh doanh<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Maybach 62 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 Matsushita Konosuke<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Abe Shinzo<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1ecb ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Du x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Tokyo nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i 40 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Seoul nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fat t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ASEAN<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng Manila<\/p>\n

Olympic v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n IV\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

Thi tuy\u1ec3n quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129: \u00dd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 1997<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: \u00dd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 1997<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh kinh t\u1ebf<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Trung th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1t \u00c1 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee9ng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/p>\n

L<\/strong>\u1eddi b\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan, Hu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed3ng S\u01a1n, Ph\u00fac Ti\u1ebfn, Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n Hoa.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed2I \u1ee8C \u0110\u1ebeN T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI<\/span><\/h1>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xong trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda n\u0103m l\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n du h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968. H\u1ecdc xong, do th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0a, t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t may l\u00e0 v\u1eabn g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean. T\u1eeb thu\u1edf ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. L\u00fac \u0111i mang theo t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m sao x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cao, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e1o trong v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua (l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung) thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua (t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nay li\u00ean quan t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n). N\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u0103n, v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed2I \u1ee8C H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH N\u1eecA TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6: T\u1eea T\u00c2M T\u00ccNH V\u1edaI QU\u00ca H\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ebeN NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U T\u00ccM \u0110I\u1ec0U KI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i sinh ra \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Trung, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eddi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 v\u00e0 1960, cha m\u1eb9, b\u00e0 con v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eaft m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 r\u00e9t m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea5m, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1c kh\u00fac ca t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u00f3i l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng ca kh\u00fac nh\u01b0 N<\/em>\u1eafng l\u00ean x\u00f3m ngh\u00e8o, Qu\u00ea ngh\u00e8o, T\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o<\/em>, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n mong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Th\u1eddi trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0110o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, qua suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt D\u0169ng, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u1ea5y: \u201cChi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, D\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc vua ch\u00faa danh nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n h\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ed5i. D\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau chung \u0111\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t hay, r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u00f4i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, khi sang Nh\u1eadt, t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, qua c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean cao. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lan t\u1ecfa kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt sang H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ASEAN v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n C\u00f4ng nghi<\/em>\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/em>(Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1996) v\u00e0 Bi<\/em>\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam,<\/em> (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2005, v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2006), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb trong T\u1ed5 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong Ban nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Phan V\u0103n Kh\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao l\u01b0u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Trung t\u00e2m Kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VAPEC) n\u0103m 1993 (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1989, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o lo ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u0169. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi c\u01a1 n\u00ean th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u. Trong khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp theo: Vi<\/em>\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011: V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/em> (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tri Th\u1ee9c, 2011) v\u00e0 C\u00fa s<\/em>\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tri Th\u1ee9c, 2015). C\u1ea3 hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhanh, trong khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n v\u00ec b\u1ecb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cch\u01b0a gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0\u201d, FDI v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf (n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i), v.v..<\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, v.v.. Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n nay (n\u0103m 2022), ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp cao, trong khi t\u1edbi 50% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111i ch\u1eadm c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N<\/em>\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/em>l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, quan ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kinh doanh, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi kinh doanh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t chung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kinh doanh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. T\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, quan ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh doanh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 1955-1973.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean k\u1ef3 t\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (n\u0103m 1962) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (1996), H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 35 n\u0103m! N\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 43 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. Th<\/em>\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em> ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngay s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u1ea3i theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo k\u1ecbp Nh\u1eadt (n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1987), quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch do l\u1edbp k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng. Th<\/em>\u1ee9 hai,<\/em> H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (industrialization on the basis of learning). H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean cao, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean cao tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c hay nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

M<\/em>\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/em>, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (developmentalism), xem vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, thanh li\u00eam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0<\/em>, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb (technocrats) c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 giai t\u1ea7ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u1eefa hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, t\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed th\u1ebf Quang Trung qua c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u0111\u1ea3 cho s\u1eed tri nam qu\u1ed1c anh h\u00f9ng chi h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7\u201d. Trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Quang Trung: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1994, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu, xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n giao thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0: N\u0103m 1010, L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ed3ng bay. Ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 khi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1.000 n\u0103m Th\u0103ng Long (2010), c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ta s\u1edbm t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ebf Quang Trung n<\/em>\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u anh h\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 anh h\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch, \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i, l\u00e0m n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c\/K\u1ec3 m\u00e3i chuy\u1ec7n Nguy\u00ean phong\u201d. <\/em>T\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng hai, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1c ng\u1ed3i \u1edf qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ean H\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1eddi trung ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec d\u00e2n, gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u01af\u1edaNG V\u1ec0 T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI: X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG H\u00ccNH T\u01af\u1ee2NG L\u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh 6,5% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh cao. N\u0103m 2023, t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 4.316 USD, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng trung b\u00ecnh cao trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 (th\u00e1ng 1\/2021), \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn thu nh\u1eadp cao n\u0103m 2045, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean 6% trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1eafp r\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI), v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o FDI nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. C\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M<\/em>\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/em>, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Thu nh\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, g\u00e2y ra t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ea1y th\u00eam, h\u1ecdc th\u00eam mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean) ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng thu nh\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh s\u1edbm gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf (thu\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, thu\u1ebf th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, v.v.) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n thu, th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chi ti\u00eau ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v.v. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng chi thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0,<\/em> ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do tham gia. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 do mua b\u00e1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, trung th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

Th<\/em>\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em>, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m (soft power) c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee9ng (hard power). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m qua c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 phim \u1ea3nh, th\u01a1 v\u0103n, ca nh\u1ea1c, v.v. ho\u1eb7c qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao, ngo\u1ea1i giao,… tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh doanh, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 in l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. M<\/em>\u1ed9t l\u00e0,<\/em> song song v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, \u01b0u \u00e1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t an ninh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Hai l\u00e0,<\/em> Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 (ODA) trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ODA l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ODA trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ed1n ODA, trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n ODA, c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3. Ba l\u00e0,<\/em> Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111ang trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ta, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang m\u00f2 m\u1eabm t\u00ecm m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho v\u1ed1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee9ng v\u1eeba t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th<\/em>\u1ee9 hai,<\/em> c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u00ecn chung, kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00ec th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u00eam hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00e1ch t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng, v.v\u2026 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n khi th\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eabn lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o (extreme poverty). Theo Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec chi\u1ebfm 37%).<\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (social capital) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ai c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111ang c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ganh gh\u00e9t, ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, \u201cxin-cho\u201d, tham nh\u0169ng, v.v. d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, qua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. GDP t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, tham ch\u00ednh, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v.v. l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng theo. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 do cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u hay v\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ba v\u1ebf sau \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 hai v\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Trong g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh cao.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf xa t\u1ea7m tay, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0103n, m\u1eb7c, \u1edf, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n b\u1ee9c x\u00fac v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 y\u00eau nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th<\/em>\u1ee9 ba,<\/em> gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh nh\u1eadp, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, vay n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0,… v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Hi\u1ec7n nay (2023), d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1ea5p 14 l\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, GDP l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 41 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c (qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch,…) th\u00ec khi kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1c, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. Vi\u1ec7c vay v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng to l\u1edbn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, sau khi th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Minh, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 <\/em>\u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o<\/em>, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, hi\u00ean ngang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1nh vai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc: \u201cTr\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec7u, \u0110inh, L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\/ C\u00f9ng H\u00e1n, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng, Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d… <\/em>Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t-Trung.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Vi\u1ec7t Nam hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> 1. \u00dd trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n do Quang Trung ch\u1ec9 huy ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n H\u1ea1 H\u1ed3i v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Thanh: \u201cB\u0103ng b\u0103ng \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u1eeda r\u1eebng g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o \/ Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n\u201d,…)<\/p>\n

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H\u1ed2I \u1ee8C \u0110\u1ebeN T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u   N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nghe m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. \u2014 Charles Darwin L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13384"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13419,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13384\/revisions\/13419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}