{"id":13616,"date":"2025-06-08T20:46:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-08T13:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13616"},"modified":"2025-06-22T20:16:28","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T13:16:28","slug":"nghe-thuat-thoi-ky-edo-1615-1868","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/nghe-thuat-thoi-ky-edo-1615-1868\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (1615-1868)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT TH\u1edcI K\u1ef2 EDO NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N (1615\u20131868)<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\">Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000080\"><em>tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Edo l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra 22+1 b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 th\u1eddi Edo, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng xem s\u1ed1 tranh n\u00e0y d\u00f9 \u00edch \u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u00eat sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy, \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.\u00a0Tranh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 <em>ukiyo-e<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: <em>S\u00f3ng l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Kanagawa<\/em> c\u1ee7a Katsushika Hokusai hay <em>C\u01a1n m\u01b0a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u\u00a0<\/em>c\u1ee7a Utagawa Hiroshige v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in ukiyo-e kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Lo\u1ea1i tranh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &#8220;tranh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 du&#8221; (floating hay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd fleeting world), tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng sau b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ukiyo-e, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tho\u00e1ng qua, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb &#8220;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 du&#8221; (hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch trang tr\u00ed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. &#8220;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 du&#8221; (ukiyo trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt) \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00f3ng v\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo (1603-1868). Ukiyo-e, hay &#8220;tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00f9 du&#8221;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu vui ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Edo (Tokyo ng\u00e0y nay).<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Paris \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t gian h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1867. Nh\u01b0ng ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e0u ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u2014bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea1t, kimono, s\u01a1n m\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee5a\u2014\u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Japonisme, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Van Gogh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em \u00f4ng, Theo, r\u1ea5t m\u00ea tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Van Gogh c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u01b0u t\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 500 b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi Edo l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ecfa qu\u1ed1c (\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda) nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ebft. Trang n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Edo m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/hoi-uc-den-tuong-lai-mot-luong-gio-moi\/\"><i>H\u1ed3i \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0<\/i><\/a><\/em>c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt r\u1ea5t y\u00eau ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Xin xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n <strong><span style=\"color: #000080\"><em>L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t <\/em><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000080\">th\u00eam \u1edf<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/collectionapi.metmuseum.org\/api\/collection\/v1\/iiif\/45434\/134438\/main-image\" alt=\"Under the Wave off Kanagawa (Kanagawa oki nami ura), also known as The Great Wave, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanj\u016brokkei), Katsushika Hokusai Japanese, Woodblock print; ink and color on paper, Japan\" width=\"700\" height=\"470\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>D\u01b0\u1edbi con s\u00f3ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Kanagawa<\/em> (Kanagawa oki nami ura), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>S\u00f3ng l\u1edbn<\/em>, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1831, trong lo\u1ea1t tranh <em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em> (Fugaku sanj\u016brokkei) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 Katsushika Hokusai (1760 \u2013 1849) g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Hokusai. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ukiyo-e ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 in. B\u1ed9 tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 <em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3n in mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>S\u00f3ng l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Kanagawa<\/em>. Hokusai \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ukiyo-e t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd ch\u00e2n dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u1eef v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o phong c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Vincent van Gogh v\u00e0 Claude Monet trong l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng Japonisme lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13617\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Tuyet-buoi-toi.jpg?resize=714%2C475&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"714\" height=\"475\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\"><em>Tuy\u1ebft bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u1edf Kanbara<\/em>, t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1t tranh &#8220;N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ba tram c\u1ee7a (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) T\u014dkaid\u014d&#8221; c\u1ee7a Utagawa Hiroshige. T\u014dkaid\u014d l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh lang n\u1ed1i Tokyo v\u00e0 Osaka, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m Nagoya v\u00e0 Kyoto. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Yokohama, Shizuoka v\u00e0 Kobe. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13619\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Thoi-tiet-quang-dang.jpg?resize=710%2C486&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"486\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft quang \u0111\u00e3ng \u1edf Shibaura c\u1ee7a Utagawa Hiroshige<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13774\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Driving-rain-at-Shono.png?resize=735%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"735\" height=\"466\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">M\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn (Driving rain) \u1edf Sh\u014dno, c\u1ee7a And\u014d (Utagawa) Hiroshige, kho\u1ea3ng 1833-1834. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13629\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/960px-Hiroshige_Sudden_shower_over_Shin-Ohashi_bridge_and_Atake_1857.jpg?resize=746%2C1131&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"746\" height=\"1131\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\"><em>C\u01a1n m\u01b0a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u\u00a0<\/em>c\u1ee7a Utagawa Hiroshige, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1857 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Edo v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13621\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Vuon-man.jpg?resize=620%2C913&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"913\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">V\u01b0\u1eddn m\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Utagawa, Hiroshige, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1857. B\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c <em>C\u01a1n m\u01b0a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Van Gogh \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u1ebb l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13658\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Irisgarden-in-Horikiri.jpg?resize=621%2C932&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"621\" height=\"932\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">V\u01b0\u1eddn Di\u00ean V\u0129 (Iris) \u1edf Horikiri,\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hiroshige, 1857<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13662\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Number-27-in-One-Hundred-Famous-Views-of-Edo-Plum-Orchard-in-Kamada.jpg?resize=633%2C945&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"633\" height=\"945\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">V\u01b0\u1eddn M\u1eadn \u1edf Kamada trong <em>M\u1ed9t Tr\u0103m C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1eb9p N\u1ed5i Ti\u1ebfng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Edo, Hiroshige, 1857<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13660\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Part-of-the-series-One-Hundred-Famous-Views-of-Edo-no.-112-part-4-Winter..jpg?resize=667%2C1002&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"667\" height=\"1002\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Atagoyama v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Yabu, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh trong <em>M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Edo<\/em>, Hiroshige, 1857<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13618\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Hundred-boys.jpg?resize=1140%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"466\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>M\u1ed9t Tr\u0103m Ch\u00e0ng Trai <\/em>c\u1ee7a Kano Ein\u014d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13643\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/KORIN-Irises-R-resized.jpg?resize=823%2C344&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"823\" height=\"344\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">T\u1ea5m b\u00ecnh phong hoa Iris c\u1ee7a Ogata K\u014drin (1658-1716), m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y th\u1eddi Edo. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh phong n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nishi Honganji \u1edf Kyoto. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Nezu l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p b\u00ecnh phong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 do Ogata K\u014drin s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hoa di\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh phong hoa di\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00f9ng nhau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m &#8220;Korin: B\u1ea3o v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa di\u00ean v\u0129 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Nezu v\u00e0 T\u00e1m c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan&#8221; t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Nezu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13769\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Dan-seu-dau-do.png?resize=842%2C529&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"842\" height=\"529\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u0110\u00e0n s\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ogata K\u014drin, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13767\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Waves-at-Matsushima-Wikimedia-Commons.png?resize=863%2C355&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"863\" height=\"355\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">S\u00f3ng \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Matsushima, c\u1ee7a Ogata K\u014drin, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13768\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Rough-Waves-Korin.png?resize=861%2C748&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"861\" height=\"748\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">S\u00f3ng c\u1ed3n (rough waves) c\u1ee7a Ogato K\u014drin, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1704\u201309; t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13654\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Red-and-white-plums.jpg?resize=861%2C389&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"861\" height=\"389\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Otaga K\u014drin, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13667\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Basho.jpg?resize=516%2C982&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"982\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>The Narrow Road to the Deep North<\/em> (Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p d\u1eabn t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc xa x\u00f4i). M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Bash\u014d v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n text l\u00e0 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Bash\u014d. Tranh c\u1ee7a Yosa Buson (1716-83). Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia Kyoto. Buson l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bash\u014d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Bash\u014d v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y (handscroll) d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13665\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Thirty-six-Immortal-of-Poetry-much-better.jpg?resize=734%2C679&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"734\" height=\"679\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/em>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Sakai H\u014ditsu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13623 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Kano-Tanyu-Landscape-in-Moonlight.jpg?resize=394%2C933&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"933\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Phong c\u1ea3nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Kan\u014d Tan\u2019y\u016b (m\u1ed9t trong ba cu\u1ed9n tranh treo, m\u1ef1c tr\u00ean l\u1ee5a)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13651\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Interior-of-a-Brothel.jpg?resize=721%2C489&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"721\" height=\"489\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">B\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a (brothel), v\u00f4 danh<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13652\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Noi-giac-do.jpg?resize=720%2C366&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"366\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">N\u01a1i gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Torii Kiyonaga (1752-1815)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13735\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Phu-nu-dien-Tet-da-tach-ra-resized.png?resize=799%2C619&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"619\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">C\u1ea3nh n\u0103m m\u1edbi: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u Nihonbashi, c\u1ee7a Torii Kiyonaga. 1786. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Honolulu. Qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a James A. Michener. 1991 (21.801).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh c\u1ee7a Hokusai.\u00a0Katsushika Hokusai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, h\u1ecda s\u0129 ukiyo-e v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in \u1ea5n t\u00e0i ba, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1t tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 <em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in <em>D\u01b0\u1edbi con s\u00f3ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Kanagawa\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0 <em>Gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng trong xanh<\/em> <em>\u1edf Ph\u00fa S\u0129 <\/em>r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Hokusai c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch Art Nouveau \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, bao g\u1ed3m Claude Monet v\u00e0 Pierre-Auguste Renoir. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13634\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Katsushika_Hokusai_-_Fine_Wind_Clear_Morning_Gaifu_kaisei_-_Google_Art_Project_Fine-Wind-Clear-Morning-or-Red-Fuji-from-Thirty-six-Views-of-Mount-Fuji-resized.jpg?resize=647%2C437&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"647\" height=\"437\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng trong xanh<\/em> <em>\u1edf Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Red Fuji l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Hokusai trong b\u1ed9 <em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1830 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1832. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 &#8220;m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m in c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13635\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Kajikazawa_in_Kai_province_Kajikazawa-in-Kai-Province-from-Thirty-six-Views-of-Mount-Fuji.jpg?resize=655%2C430&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"655\" height=\"430\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;padding-left: 40px\"><em>C\u00e2u c\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Fuji cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Kajikazawa<\/em> xa xa l\u00e0 n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129, m\u1ed9t trong <em>Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai Ph\u00fa S\u0129<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1830 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1832 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13636\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Enjoying_the_Evening_Cool_Viewing_Fireworks_at_Ryogoku_Bridge_by_Hokusai_1780.jpg?resize=672%2C458&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"458\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Ph\u00e1o hoa trong bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb t\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u Ryogoku \u1edf Edo, b\u1ea3n in, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1788\u201389<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13640\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Old-View-of-the-Boat-bridge-at-Sano-in-Kozuke-Province-chat-luong.jpg?resize=677%2C461&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"677\" height=\"461\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 40px\">C\u1ea3nh quan c\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u thuy\u1ec1n \u1edf Sano thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh K\u014dzuke (K\u014dzuke Sano funabashi no kozu), tr\u00edch t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1t \u1ea3nh C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c nhau (Shokoku meiky\u014d kiran) (kho\u1ea3ng 1830)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13638\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Hokusai-shikishiban-still-life.jpg?resize=475%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"560\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">T\u0129nh v\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13639\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Egrets_from_Quick_Lessons_in_Simplified_Drawing_Hokusai_1823.jpg?resize=648%2C456&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"456\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Chim di\u1ec7c t\u1eeb Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc nhanh v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a (1823)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13627\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Weeping-cherry-blossom.png?resize=1140%2C791&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"791\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o r\u0169 n\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129\u00a0\u00a0Namiki Hajime (1947-)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13729\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Beggar-2-tot-hon.png?resize=808%2C368&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"808\" height=\"368\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-13728\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Beggar-1-tot-hon-nua.png?resize=808%2C366&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"808\" height=\"366\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>S\u01b0 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c (<em>Yorob\u014dshi, beggar monk<\/em>) gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o (C\u1ea3nh trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Noh). Tranh c\u1ee7a Shimomura Kanzan (1873\u00a0\u20131930, Tokyo), 1915. Hai t\u1ea5m tr\u00ean g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n nhau trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 6 t\u1ea5m. Tokyo National Museum.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;color: #008000\"><em>L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000080\">X\u00e9t theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u2014Francis Xavier (1506 \u2013 52) nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t h\u1ecda ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Tokugawa. Sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 200 han, n\u0103m 1603 Ieyasu (1543-1616), shogun \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tokugawa, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn Edo (nay l\u00e0 Tokyo) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 Tokugawa. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Edo ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa qu\u00e2n bao quanh m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m, t\u1ee9c sau m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t megacity c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u. \u00a0S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ebf quan t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng. Edo c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi Kyoto, n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Kyoto v\u00e0 Edo ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay trong l\u00f2ng giai c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn binh. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9p cho giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u201ctay tr\u00e1i quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch (bun), tay ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee1i ki\u1ebfm (bu). Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn binh tinh hoa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u qua ng\u00f5 H\u00e0 Lan). R\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 (<em>ch\u014dnin<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Edo, Kyoto v\u00e0 Osaka, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (artistic pluralism).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Edo ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao, thu h\u00fat nam gi\u1edbi l\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi <em>rangaku <\/em>(Lan h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13733\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/Tokyo-garden-tach-rieng-va-resized.png?resize=828%2C539&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"828\" height=\"539\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Quang c\u1ea3nh khu v\u01b0\u1eddn Rikugien, Tokyo. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 1699-1706.<br \/>\nS\u1edf Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecn<\/p>\n<p>h, th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c trang tr\u00ed n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m Kyoto, Edo, Osaka v\u00e0 Nagasaki mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa, th\u00ec M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ed5n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Edo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng Hiroshige \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho <em>N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ba tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u014dkaid\u014d<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng daimyo. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ch\u1eadt k\u00edn th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i b\u1ed9. \u0110i b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf h\u00e0nh l\u00fd qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec7u th\u00ec d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi tinh hoa phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Tokugawa \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng N\u0103m xa l\u1ed9, T\u014dkaid\u014d, Kisokaid\u014d ho\u1eb7c Nakasend\u014d, K\u014dsh\u016bd\u014d, Nikk\u014dd\u014d v\u00e0 Osh\u016bd\u014d, m\u1ed7i xa l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u014dkaid\u014d, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i 351 d\u1eb7m (560 km) t\u1eeb Edo \u0111\u1ebfn Kyoto c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng Kisokaid\u014d n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Matsumae, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Hokkaid\u014d, xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, qua eo bi\u1ec3n Shimonoseki v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo Bi\u1ec3n N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn Osaka. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n gi\u1eefa Osaka v\u00e0 Edo. Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u1ee3, trung t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o. N\u00f3i chung, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt\">\u2217\u2217\u2217\u2217<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>NH\u1eeeNG C\u00c2U H\u1eceI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;font-family: 'book antiqua', palatino, serif\">M<\/span>\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n xem tranh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 <strong>\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>\u00f3c quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u1ebf<\/strong> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u1ea5t m\u00ea v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng v\u0103n tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u1edbn n\u00e0o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Xin xem m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u0103m 2019: <span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><em><a style=\"color: #000080\" href=\"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/leonardo-500\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Leonardo da Vinci 500.<\/span> <\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/span>Ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3? \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1edbi n\u00fai r\u1eebng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. Einstein r\u1ea5t khen ng\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n&#8221;, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi artisan, ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Edo ch\u0103ng? Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp &#8220;t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n&#8221; gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, tr\u00ean trung l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n &#8220;t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t&#8221;, v\u1ebd tranh hay \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 Qua \u0111\u00e8o Ngang c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan v\u1ebb l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, ai c\u0169ng th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 tr\u00ean canvas hay b\u1eb1ng tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng do ngh\u00e8o, thi\u1ebfu giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ed3n vinh &#8220;t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n&#8221; m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00fa vui v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, k\u00e9o theo ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o thi ph\u00fa ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a? \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m? Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1eeba th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Zen v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eafm hoa.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecda s\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Tr\u00ed, T\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc V\u00e2n, D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00edch Li\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u00e1ng, B\u00f9i Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i &#8230; nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080\"> ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfu v\u1ebd. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01a1 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh? \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c? S\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu \u1ea5y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Christine Guth, <em>Art of Edo Japan.The Artist and the City<\/em> 1615-1868. Yale University Press, 1996.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Varley, <em>Japanese<\/em> <em>Culture<\/em>. Fourth Edition. University of Hawai&#8217;i Press, Honolulu, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Sarah E. Thompson, <em>Hokusai<\/em>. <em>With an essay by Joan Wright and Philip Meredith<\/em>. MFA Publication. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2015.<\/p>\n<p>Hiroshige, <span id=\"productTitle\" class=\"a-size-large celwidget\" data-csa-c-id=\"exen0y-quyds4-88lkz4-spdost\" data-cel-widget=\"productTitle\"><em>One Hundred Famous Views of Edo<\/em>.<\/span> Multilingual.\u00a0Bibliotheca Universalis. 2015.<\/p>\n<p>Penelope Mason, <em>History of Japanese Art<\/em>. Second Edition. <em>Revised<\/em> by Donald Dinwiddie. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Tsuneko S. Sadao and Stephanie Wada, <em>Discovering the Arts of Japan: A Historical Overview.<\/em> Kodansha International, 2003.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT TH\u1edcI K\u1ef2 EDO NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N (1615\u20131868) Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y N\u00f3i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Edo l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra 22+1 b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 th\u1eddi Edo, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng xem s\u1ed1 tranh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13616"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13616"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13923,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13616\/revisions\/13923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}