{"id":13815,"date":"2025-06-21T19:42:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T12:42:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13815"},"modified":"2025-06-29T19:14:23","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T12:14:23","slug":"tam-bang-den-einstein-o-dai-hoc-oxford","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tam-bang-den-einstein-o-dai-hoc-oxford\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en Einstein \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00c2U CHUY\u1ec6N T\u1ea4M B\u1ea2NG \u0110EN EINSTEIN \u1ede \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC OXFORD<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i (Einstein).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Andrew Robinson<\/strong>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a “Einstein in Oxford”<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a th\u1ed3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Albert Einstein<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1931, Einstein nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford. (\u1ea2nh: ZUMA Press, Inc.\/Alamy Stock Photo)<\/p>\n

Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Anh Ch\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford. Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang “so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb” hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Isaac Newton <\/span>c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m 1919 d\u01b0<\/span>\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Anh Eddington hai \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i sang ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Brazil v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadt to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi \u0111i ngang qua m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch Einstein ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft Newton. Anh ch\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem chi ti\u1ebft <\/span>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

100 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/100-nam-anh-sang-bi-lech-tren-troi\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1930, Albert Einstein \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c sang Anh \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i g\u00e2y qu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i London.\u00a0<\/span>T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch George Bernard Shaw \u2014 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u “n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang”:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"T\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 [Einstein] \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p (sermon) c\u0169, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 k\u1ef9, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng <\/span>…<\/p>\n

\u2014 George Bernard Shaw<\/strong>, 1930<\/p>\n

Shaw cho r\u1eb1ng Einstein thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ‘ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5’ <\/em>c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Pythagoras, Ptolemy, Aristotle, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo v\u00e0 Newton – ‘kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf’ nh\u01b0 Alexander v\u00e0 Napoleon. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/span>b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"V\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 pha l\u1eabn khi\u1ebfu h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u00ean huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 [nh\u01b0ng] m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau, th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1931, Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn Oxford, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Christ Church College \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Rhodes House v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Oxford t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Sheldonian. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930, Einstein c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Anh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n, 1931, 1932 v\u00e0 1933, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i, Einstein \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 hai\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 5 t\u1ea1i Rhodes House <\/span>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn hai t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng. <\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Anh n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n <\/span>trong B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c<\/span>h\u00ednh hai t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00f4ng coi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 du. V\u00e0 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 5, sau b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 hai, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/span>Bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 hay. [Nh\u01b0ng] b\u1ea3ng \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ecdn. (S\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c Anh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o.) Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 [Christ Church], t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tan n\u00e1t. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a th\u1ed3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein t\u1ecf ra lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Christ Church College nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh “l\u1eadp d\u1ecb” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Christ Church m\u1eb7c \u00e1o kho\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111ang d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i trong h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 “v\u00f2ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111u\u00f4i t\u00f4m”.<\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Einstein bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng xa l\u1ea1: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Anh, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gentlemen, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 khi d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Christ Church College. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a Einstein (b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u00ednh m\u00e0u. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock\/John Selway)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb lau s\u1ea1ch trong kho c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn l\u00e0m sao<\/strong> t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Andrew Robinson vi\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh Einstein in Oxford<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

“th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u du kh\u00e1ch ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh b\u00eca quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Einstein in Oxford<\/strong> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Andrew Robinson, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2024<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong> \u1edf Oxford c\u00f3 18.000 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 tia X do nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Henry Moseley ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1913. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Albert Einstein vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1931 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “di v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/strong>“, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch “coi n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y”<\/strong>. (physicsworld.com, 2019)<\/span><\/p>\n\"\"\n

T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Albert Einstein s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1931 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Rhodes House \u1edf Oxford, t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Khoa h\u1ecdc, Oxford. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Einstein in Oxford <\/em>(trang 8\u201314).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho Oxford v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1931. N\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m<\/strong>. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, gh\u00e9 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1921 trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Anh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngay sau khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Anh quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c n\u0103m 1919, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng l\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i danh ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai. V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai, Elsa, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Oxford trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Frederick Lindemann, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Einstein, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tham quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Lindemann l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Clarendon t\u1ea1i Oxford v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Winston Churchill. (physicsworld)<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt, di t\u00edch, c\u1ee7a Einstein cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Einstein, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Newton, v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u1eeba \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t Einstein \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en nh\u00ecn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 Einstein l\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc Einstein tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en Einstein<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ‘di v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c’<\/strong>, nh\u01b0 trang web c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3o t\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Khoa h\u1ecdc Oxford<\/p>\n

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Christ Church College, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 30 college c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n “nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1” cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Andrew Robinson. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 Einstein. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en l\u00e0 <\/span>c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n <\/span>tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Robinson vi\u1ebft: “Einstein lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2013 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u0111i qua, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Palestine, Nam M\u1ef9 hay Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Einstein v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT NG\u00c0Y 29. 6. 2025:<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T T\u1ea4M B\u1ea2NG \u0110EN HIDEKI YUKAWA<\/span><\/h1>\n

GS \u0110\u00e0m Thanh S\u01a1n, Chicago, \u0111\u00e3 vui l\u00f2ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tin r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en <\/span>n\u1eefa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Gi\u1ea3i Nobel <\/span>Hideki Yukawa (1907-1981) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. <\/span>Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3ng \u0111en m\u00e0 Yukawa \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia l\u00fac \u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1953. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1949 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n n\u0103m 1935 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean meson, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t quark v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n quark, sau khi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Anh do Cecil Frank Powell \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Yukwa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1933 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u014csaka v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 1938.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Yukawa Hideki v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia n\u0103m 1949<\/p>\n

Sau khi Yukawa v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tsung-Dao Lee sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lee sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd chung v\u1edbi C.N.Yang, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tu\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, 30 v\u00e0 34. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lee ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea3ng \u0111en v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 Yukawa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka \u0111ang vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a Yukawa<\/p>\n

Sau n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n RIKEN c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T. D. Lee, t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a Yukawa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2014. RIKEN l\u00e0 <\/span>vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Max Planck Society.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, <\/span>c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka Toshio Hirano, con trai c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa, v\u00e0 Yoichiro Nambu, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>. N\u00f3 \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Khoa h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (graduate school) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap t<\/span>ruy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span> v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Yukawa. T<\/span><\/span>\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Yukawa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Yukawa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n <\/span>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Thanh S\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Hideki Yukawa, xin xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi \u00f4ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

Hideki Yukawa \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

(14 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, 2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i m\u1edbi:<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n