{"id":13998,"date":"2025-09-02T08:19:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T01:19:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=13998"},"modified":"2025-11-19T22:44:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:44:21","slug":"ky-yeu-adam-smith-300-nam-1723-2023-ra-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/ky-yeu-adam-smith-300-nam-1723-2023-ra-mat\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith 300 n\u0103m (1723-2023) ra m\u1eaft"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef6 Y\u1ebeU ADAM SMITH 300 N\u0102M (1723\u20132023) RA M\u1eaeT<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nh\u00f3m Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean<\/em><\/span>: Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a<\/em><\/span> Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u bia hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Adam Smith<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i trang vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Adam Smith \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea l\u1edbn, ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea cho t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2014<\/strong> Arnold Toynbee<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/em> XIX<\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith, 556 trang, b\u00eca m\u1ec1m, gi\u00e1 b\u00eca 339.000\u0111. Cty PhanBook v\u00e0 NXB \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng.<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng man di th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c mang l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. [\u2026] S\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t hay b\u1ecf qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Adam Smith<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n mua hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2014<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Milton Friedman<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1976<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Adam Smith vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng Smith s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em>, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u00a0Joseph Stiglitz<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 2001<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ba trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu:<\/h3>\n

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Adam Smith v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7, v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n,\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u1eeba duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/strong>, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Waseda<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Adam Smith \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n vinh l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, minh b\u1ea1ch; c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u1ea3 thi khi trong n\u0103m 2025 VN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung binh cao, theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a World Bank (t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng $4.496-$13.935)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014TS Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng<\/strong>, nguy\u00ean\u00a0Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c V\u1ee5 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf IMF<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc,\u2026 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Adam Smith nh\u00e2n 300 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12\/2023, quy t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, B\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nam,\u00a0<\/span>tham gia<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt <\/span>nghi\u00eam t\u00fac<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Adam Smith v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang TPHCM & <\/span>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Leuven, Belgium<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp (Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean<\/strong>)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>PH\u1ea6N 1. Adam Smith: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adam Smith, Kinh t\u1ebf gia khai ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> (Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Adam Smith v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do <\/em>(Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Anh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Adam Smith, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Adam Smith<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N 2. Adam Smith v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Adam Smith v\u00e0 Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ebfp thu, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/em> (T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Th\u00f4ng<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

(2) Adam Smith v\u00e0 Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em> (T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Th\u00f4ng<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c Li\u1ec7t Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea Ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Khai s\u00e1ng Xcot-len, Adam Smith, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>PH\u1ea6N 3. Adam Smith nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/strong><\/p>\n

Adam Smith, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> (Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

B\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> (Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u1ebf Du<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d t\u1edbi K\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em> (V\u0169 Minh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Adam Smith v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

T\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Adam Smith<\/em> (Emily Hamblin<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N 4. H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o V\u0103n Lang <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 300 n\u0103m Adam Smith t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang (Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith: Ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i<\/em>. Tham gia: Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Anh, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n. Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu ghi v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp. (T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m s\u00e1ng<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u00fd cho c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. Tham gia: V\u0169 Minh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd, L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng, Edmund Malesky, V\u00f5 Tr\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00fa Anh. Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu ghi v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp. (T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m chi\u1ec1u<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi<\/em> (V\u00f5 Tr\u00ed Th\u00e0nh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, V\u1ed1n m\u00e1y, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng: T\u1ea1i sao tham nh\u0169ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1?<\/em> (L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Anh<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C.<\/strong> Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Adam Smith<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em>(trong S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>, Mai L\u00fd d\u1ecbch<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c <\/em>(trong L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>, Nguy\u1ec5n-H\u00e0 B\u1ea3o Ng\u00e2n d\u1ecbch<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau bao l\u00e2u ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu m\u1eebng Adam Smith 300 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i<\/strong> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau l\u1ec5. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 80 n\u0103m l\u1ec5 qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam! Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam long tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eafp b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Adam Smith l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf 250 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong>. Do nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Adam Smith xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc VN mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eadm c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng “\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn” Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, “ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Adam Smith”. K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, ngay c\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o”, N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Adam Smith \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
M\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t <\/em><\/strong>sau \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/div>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N<\/span>\u0103m 2023 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 300 c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i Glasgow, Edinburgh, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sydney, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf B\u1eafc Kinh, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh doanh Booth c\u1ee7a Chicago, Vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Indore\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, ph\u1ed3n vinh, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations<\/em>,\u00a0hay S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1776, sau t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Principia Mathematica<\/em> c\u1ee7a Newton kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec1m cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh<\/em>. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Principia Oeconomica<\/em>, v\u00e0 Smith l\u00e0 Newton trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu Newton \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi (New Heaven) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i tinh t\u00fa th\u00ec Adam Smith t\u1ea1o ra Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (New Earth) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u0103m 1776 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng: Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a James Watt, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Anh s\u1eafp t\u1edbi sau khi Adam Smith m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Smith c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/em> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Darwin g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m, s\u0103n b\u1eafn, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u00e2n x\u00e1\u201d cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i b\u1ea9m sinh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khai s\u00e1ng nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u201ch\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cbu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e1c th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c\u201d (truck, barter and exchange), m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 theo Smith ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, ph\u1ed3n vinh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u201cmong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi anh t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi b\u1ecf anh ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Smith th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c \u00a320 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Anh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ghi \u201cPh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ghim\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Adam Smith l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thung l\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed3n vinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u201cl\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 \u00e1i (self-love), t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i (self-interest), tuy \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t keo gi\u1eef n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Newton.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bt\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng man di th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/em>, thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng<\/em> (easy taxes) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

A<\/span>dam Smith l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho t<\/em>\u1ef1<\/em> do<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 an ninh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sinh k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf; t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh (self-ownership),\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 anh ta kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd nghi\u00eam minh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ai. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/em> trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3, T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho, b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/em>, hay T\u1ef1 do cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, \u0111em l\u1ea1i kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em> nh\u01b0 Abraham Lincoln vi\u1ebft trong tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u0103m 1863.<\/p>\n

K<\/span>h\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Smith trong kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (invisible hand)<\/em>, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i, self-interest, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung th\u00e0nh ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u201cb\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 do, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ct\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nghe \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u201ckhi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d.\u00a0 V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Smith ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, \u201ckhuynh \u0111\u1ea3o\u201d th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m. \u00d4ng l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt \u201cm\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd\u201d. Theo \u00f4ng, li\u00ean minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. Th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110<\/span>\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Smith, th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1\u00a0do (free market) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1\u00a0do (free trade) l\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1ee5\u00a0c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf\u00a0r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u201cdoanh thu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay Adam Smith \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0cha\u00a0\u0111\u1ebb\u00a0c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0h\u1ecdc laissez-faire (\u201ch\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m\u201d), \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0y\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1\u00a0nhi\u00ean\u201d (natural course) c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1\u00a0do. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Smith, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf,\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u00f9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1\u00a0do\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0Adam Smith m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1\u00a0do l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cm\u1ed9t h\u1ec7\u00a0th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0do t\u1ef1\u00a0nhi\u00ean\u201d. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i ch\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7\u00a0nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1\u00a0l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1\u00a0do v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Smith k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Anh n\u00ean x\u00f3a b\u1ecf\u00a0m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u00a0kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Smith khuy\u00ean h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u201cc\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1\u00a0do\u201d t\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1\u00a0can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, tr\u1eeb\u00a0nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0lo cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0h\u1ea1\u00a0t\u1ea7ng t\u1eeb\u00a0ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7\u00a0th\u1ed1ng b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1\u00a0do c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cimpartial spectator\u201d (kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng minh), b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb xa, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cimpartial judgment\u201d c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng minh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ng\u1eebng tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y theo phe ph\u00e1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t la b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cTrong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i (fraction) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn (fanaticism) cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d nh\u01b0 Smith vi\u1ebft trong L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Smith ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u \u201ct\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n \u201cd\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd l\u1edbn\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo \u00f4ng, \u201cm\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n c\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t\u201d. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cspin\u201d t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

S<\/span>ong song, Smith c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u201cngu mu\u1ed9i\u201d (stupid, ignorant), qu\u00e8 qu\u1eb7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 phu khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi thu\u1ebf c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 huynh. \u201cM\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh\u201d, Smith vi\u1ebft, \u201clu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngu mu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u201d. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Smith l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a khai s\u00e1ng<\/em>, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Smith cho ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ean L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> (1759), quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 \u00edch k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a anh ta, khi\u1ebfn anh ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh ta, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 anh ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m vui khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cL\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t\u201d (pity), \u201cL\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n\u201d (compassion), hay \u201cL\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb\u201d (benevolence), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 Smith \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cX\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau\u201d.<\/p>\n

S<\/span>mith tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eef, th\u00ec v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng lo xa (prudence) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00e1m \u201chy sinh s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t cho kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebft lo xa, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em>, nh\u01b0 Smith quan ni\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng l\u00fd s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

T<\/span>rong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> (1790), Smith \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan (prudence) c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (virtues) v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft. Th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau, l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ef1c h\u00fat\u201d trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Smith \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00f3 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a nh\u01b0 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Newton m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cV\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t hay b\u1ecf qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/em>.\u201d C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 linh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

S<\/span>au 300 n\u0103m, Smith c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham gia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Adam Smith. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 mong mu\u1ed1n: K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 300 n\u0103m Adam Smith. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a \u201cCha \u0111\u1ebb kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc\u201d<\/em>. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham gia trong hai ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: 200 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham d\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 400 l\u01b0\u1ee3t tham d\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean quan t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Adam Smith. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam xung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tham gia, hai d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Anh – Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Anh – Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00fa Anh – L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng – L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh – Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u1ebf Du – Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu – Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng – V\u0169 Minh Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng – Edmund Malesky\u00a0 – V\u00f5 Tr\u00ed Th\u00e0nh – Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd – Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean – \u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd – T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Th\u00f4ng – Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea Ti\u1ebfn – Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n – Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh – C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n-H\u00e0 B\u1ea3o Ng\u00e2n – Mai L\u00fd. V\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi Emily Hamblin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n eo h\u1eb9p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang quy\u1ec3n K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Adam Smith t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2023, c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v.v. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Adam Smith<\/em> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, g\u00e2y th\u00fa v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Adam Smith l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a khai s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 khan c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Smith \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

K<\/span>\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c<\/em> tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1880, b\u1edfi hai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa. H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong. H\u1ecd s\u1edbm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Phong tr\u00e0o Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t concept ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Trung \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nghi\u00eam Ph\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec3u S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Lenin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Marxist Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Smith, g\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Smith v\u00e0 Ricardo l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx\u201d, cho n\u00ean S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 tr\u1edf \u0111i, S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> c\u1ee7a Smith s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> cho kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Milton Friedman (Free to Choose, T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/em>) v\u00e0 Ludwig Erhard (Wohlstand f\u00fc<\/em>r <\/em>alle, Ph\u1ed3n vinh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>, v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em>). Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh, Luo Wei-Dong, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chi\u1ebft Giang, c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Adam Smith \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1edbi t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Adam Smith ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 Adam Smith (c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

C<\/span>h\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho tinh th\u1ea7n Adam Smith lan t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ebft n\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb9p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n C\u00f4ng ty PhanBook, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tay b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0o (c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014<\/strong>\u00a0John Maynard Keynes,\u00a0<\/strong>nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Anh, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i Nobel cho m\u00f4n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

K<\/span>\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean san nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Adam Smith nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 300 n\u0103m sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Adam Smith th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u201ckinh t\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\u201d t\u1eeb l\u00fac Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sang kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1986. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Adam Smith quy m\u00f4 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean san v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tham gia K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 250 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1776; d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 qua \u00c1 ra sao; Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm khai s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp theo Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Adam Smith th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 mang t\u00ednh Smithian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Adam Smith trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u00fac quanh \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba, hay nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith c\u1ee7a 20 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean. K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Adam Smith l\u00e0 ai, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng ch\u0103m ch\u00fat hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong>, v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/strong>. \u00d4ng tu ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland <\/em><\/strong>th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII.<\/p>\n

Bia m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Adam Smith \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Edinburgh c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

ADAM SMITH<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A<\/p>\n

“L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 NH\u1eeeNG T\u00ccNH C\u1ea2M \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C”<\/p>\n

V\u00c0<\/p>\n

“S\u1ef0 PH\u1ed2N VINH C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C QU\u1ed0C GIA”<\/p>\n

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T<\/span>\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y, Adam Smith s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng quay v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cho ra ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Adam Smith, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Adam Smith th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1nh m\u00ec. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00edt \u00edt Adams Smith th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Adam Smith. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5 sau khi b\u1ecb Napoleon \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng n\u00f4, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Smith. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00f3p m\u00e9p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,<\/em> Soziale Marktwirtschaft<\/em>, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t Adam Smith, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do trong c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Adam Smith v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n
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\u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u1ebd “r\u01b0\u1edbc” Adam Smith \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p samurai l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u00e1c han (bang) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n Adam Smith. C\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn Edinburgh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ee5p l\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i tim.<\/div>\n
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C<\/span>u\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n<\/a><\/em> v\u1edbi Adam Smith t\u1ea1i Edinburgh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y xin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Ch\u00e0o \u00f4ng Smith k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn!<\/p>\n

\u2013 Smith:<\/strong> \u00d4, ch\u00e0o \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean! \u00d4ng \u0111i th\u0103m t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe ch\u1ee9? Ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Th\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u1ea1. S\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 300 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eafp ra m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam nay mai! M\u1eebng qu\u00e1, t\u00f4i v\u1ed9i b\u00e1o tin \u00f4ng. Sau l\u1ea7n th\u0103m v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng khi H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12, 2023, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3! \u00d4ng xem n\u00e8 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Smith:<\/strong> \u00d4, qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi! T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng phu \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn l\u1eafm, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft. R\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n!<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng 250 n\u0103m qua qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m. \u00d4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng bao tr\u00f9m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh transformational<\/em>, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, chuy\u1ec3n pha, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t hay c\u1ee7a Maynard Keynes l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. May m\u1eafn thay, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 qua. Sau \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 “\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi” th\u1eddi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1?, l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn xem t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i (self-interest), ng\u00e3 \u00e1i (self-love) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “\u00e2n x\u00e1” cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng “t\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng” \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd suy \u0111\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Nghi\u00eam Ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> (Yan Fu), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Wealth of Nations<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft! Nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, “to truck, barter and exchange” nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean” c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 do kinh doanh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u01b0u sinh cho m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. “M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (tri th\u1ee9c kinh doanh) l\u1eabn v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qua s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u (vices) c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t (goods) cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – qua b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. M\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Christ l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb hay sao?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 “ti\u1ebfng vang” c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em> \u1ea1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay, sau g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc gi\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00f4m nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Smith:<\/strong> V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Scotland<\/strong>, l\u00e0m sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u00fd t<\/em>huy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong>, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u00e0 v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00eam “ph\u00e1 r\u00e0o<\/strong>” nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 XVII khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin l\u00e0nh Thanh gi\u00e1o (Puritan) \u1edf Anh, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n (kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u201cNgh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d Max Weber \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Tin l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00e0u \u00e1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1, trong khi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thu\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (human nature), mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00e9t chung ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland<\/em>, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o khai s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sau kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb Fukuzawa Yukichi<\/strong> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm khai s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p hay \u0110\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u1edf Scotland<\/strong>! \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nh\u00e2n Eiichi Shibusawa<\/strong> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, t\u1eeb Fukuzawa<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kenzaburo Oe<\/strong>. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Smith:<\/strong> Samurai Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scots c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u duy\u00ean n\u1ee3 h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland l\u00ean Fukuzawa r\u1ed3i h\u1ebft.\u00a0\u00d4ng Nguy\u00ean ch\u1eafc bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2u Ng\u0169 Ki\u1ec7t<\/em> r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m samurai t\u1eeb bang Choshu li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 sang Anh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00f9a h\u00e8 1863 cho n\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean g\u1ed3m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Ito Hirobumi, Inoue Kaoru, Inoue Masaru, Endo Kinzuke v\u00e0 Yamao Yozo ra kh\u1ecfi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scot c\u00f3 t\u00ean Thomas Blake Glover<\/strong>. Nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1eafm \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean \u1ea1. L\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ec7nh b\u1ebf m\u00f4n t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng sakoku<\/em> c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7, ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 Yoshida Shoin, th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb, C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Inoue Kaoru v\u00e0 Ito Hirobumi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Aberdeen, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a Scotland. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Glover th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, s\u00fang \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t danh “Samurai ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scot”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 skill k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Anh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Scotland. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Richard Henry Brunton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 1868 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1m n\u0103m li\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u00e0u b\u00e8 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng an to\u00e0n, gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Yokohama v\u00e0 Tokyo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1eaft th\u00e9p. C\u1ea7u s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n! Sau \u0111\u00f3 Brunton v\u00e0 Glover c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u1ed1i Yokohama v\u00e0 Tokyo, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Scotland v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> V\u00e2ng, hay qu\u00e1 \u00f4ng! Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Iwakura<\/strong> c\u00f3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Scotland v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Henri Dyer<\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Glasgow \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ebft \u1edf Tokyo, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 sau M.I.T. kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m th\u00f4i. Dyer \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ea1c Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ean James Watt t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Glasgow, Lord Kelvin \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Dyer l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d, m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1 cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Dyer, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Glasgow, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p (Benjamin Duke). Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 th\u1eadt \u00f4ng nh\u1ec9! \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1ecfi, c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o r\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 sau khi li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Anh n\u0103m 1707, kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Smith:<\/strong> V\u00e2ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: James Watt<\/strong> trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u1edf Anh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c. (Eric Hobsbawm)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean: <\/strong>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi qu\u00e1! D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 Scotland r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u1ea1! \u00d4ng Smith \u01a1i, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u00e9. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u00f4i cho hay nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n khi \u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn (On Duty) sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed (reason), nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean trong, v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sai l\u1ec7ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00f4 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y <\/em>(nghi\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o). Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, cho s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. (TMS<\/em>, Part III, Chap. II)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay sao? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9ng k\u00ednh \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1ed1n sinh ra cao qu\u00fd<\/em>, O nobly born<\/em>, nh\u01b0 Jack Kornfield t\u1eebng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Buddha’s teachings. \u00d4ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c m\u01b0u t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t<\/em>\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Hy-La, t\u1eeb Plato, Aristotle, Seneca, Cicero, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 etc. t\u1ea1i X\u1ee9 s\u1edf bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Trung c\u1ed5, Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Immanuel Kant c\u0169ng khen t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1eafm. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p Henri Poincar\u00e9<\/strong>, r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec <\/em>cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (<\/i>et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Smith:<\/strong> C\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00e2ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Newton, gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong> c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 x\u01b0a,<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. . . nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. . . . Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. . . d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ho\u1eb7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta coi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. (TMS<\/em>, 159)<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu h\u00f4m nay. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng. H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i nghe ‘tin h\u00e0nh lang’ r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1eefa li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ra m\u1eaft sau s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong n\u0103m 2023, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00ean men, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> V\u00e2ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Adam Smith v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 250 n\u0103m<\/strong> t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em><\/strong>trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi, 2026.<\/em><\/strong> N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i Nobel Joseph Stiglitz<\/strong><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau: “Hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Adam Smith vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng Smith s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/em>, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.” <\/span><\/strong>T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Joseph Stiglitz ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Smith:<\/strong> C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cqu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng shopkeeper\u201d, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m thu\u00ea cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i! L\u00e0m thu\u00ea cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m thu\u00ea m\u00e3i m\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 perspective \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/em> <\/strong>(commercial society) nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i trong S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, phong ph\u00fa, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, sau \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1ea5y ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u1ed3n vinh. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XVIII hay \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 XIX hay \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. Xung quanh c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n! Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo h\u00e0m m\u0169<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> V\u00e2ng, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng b\u00e0n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y kim ghim<\/strong> (pin), \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb A-Z, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v.v. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ra l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kho\u1ea3ng 8.000 ghim m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (1832), l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 800.000 ghim m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (150 n\u0103m sau) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n 20 ghim nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. (Ha-Joon Chang, Economics<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u01b0 duy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tuy t\u1eebng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ga-ra xe, \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0m m\u0169. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0m m\u0169 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 (disruptive), ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0u \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t<\/em><\/strong> g\u00ec trong tr\u00e1i tim, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1? L\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean<\/strong> (Choson) ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn nho gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o Silhak<\/strong> (Sirhak, \uc2e4\ud559) v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/strong> (practical learning), \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc nho gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb yangban<\/strong><\/em> (\uc591\ubc18) v\u00f4 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Silhak bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tuy v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p yangban<\/strong><\/em> \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ‘h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3-quan l\u1ea1i’ qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi yangban<\/em> d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u0169ng suy t\u00e0n theo s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Choson phong ki\u1ebfn d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi Park Chung Hee<\/strong> l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n n\u0103m 1961, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng Silhak b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp bung ra ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, nhanh ch\u00f3ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong> (Hanguk \ud55c\uad6d) t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1ng tro t\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ph\u1ed3n vinh, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u2014 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u00f4i<\/em>. Tinh th\u1ea7n Silhak<\/strong> c\u00f3 n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch (useful learning) c\u1ee7a Francis Bacon<\/strong> \u1edf Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa Yukichi trong th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Smith:<\/strong> Th\u00f4i, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i xin ch\u00fac m\u1eebng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e9, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c cao qu\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3!<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nguy\u00ean<\/strong>: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng! C\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, v\u00e0 xin t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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(C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u1ea3 hai cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: Cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Adam Smith Ph\u1ea7n II<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>)<\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/strong> 9\/9\/2025: Xin xem th\u00eam: \u00a0T\u1eeb Adam Smith \u0111\u1ebfn Ludwig Erhard (Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi A. Smith ph\u1ea7n III)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn Edinburgh th\u0103m m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Panmure c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng 12 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00f4i xin nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n “Adam Smith c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 “Khai s\u00e1ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p” t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Emma Rothschild c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard n\u00f3i. V\u00e2ng, r\u1ea5t \u1ea5m \u00e1p t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Xin \u0111\u00f3n xem hai b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

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  1. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Isaac Newton l\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Adam Smith<\/em><\/strong>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Newton c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Smith. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Smith kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau, m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a<\/em>. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ckinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc\u201d, political economy<\/em>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u00e0y vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Newton l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o khai s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t th\u00f4i th\u00fac v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Newton \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/em>, t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sapere aude<\/em>, d\u00e1m bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, c\u1ee7a khai s\u00e1ng Immanuel Kant th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd sau t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Principia<\/em> c\u1ee7a Newton gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda g\u1eb7p gi\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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    1. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong>. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb: T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), x\u1ee9 s\u1edf r\u1ea5t m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean vai h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf Trung Hoa, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng market economy<\/em> t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Trung Hoa h\u1ecdc Joseph Needham: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 Trung Hoa l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng Scotland<\/em>, v\u00e0 Adam Smith l\u00ean Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xin xem trong s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i, mong \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong l\u1ea7n in t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

      Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT ng\u00e0y 19\/11\/2025<\/span><\/h1>\n

      Anh ch\u1ecb th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn<\/em>,<\/p>\n

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      Tin vui t\u1eeb PhanBook: Sau hai th\u00e1ng ra m\u1eaft, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Adam Smith v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n xong:<\/p>\n

      https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/p\/14N1D3pkSut\/<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “khai s\u00e1ng kinh t\u1ebf” quy m\u00f4 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam do nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam vi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 “th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh” nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, Adam Smith t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Wealth of Nations\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cty OmegaPlus xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f2n hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u1eefa. Adam Smith ch\u1eafc h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. VN \u0111ang b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111i sau Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n Adam Smith th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1edbi tinh hoa c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xong, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u” khai s\u00e1ng kinh t\u1ebf cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/div>\n
      \"\"<\/div>\n
      Hai t\u1eadp 1 v\u00e0 2 c\u1ee7a Wealth of Nations c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1776. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00eca da b\u00ea n\u00e2u nguy\u00ean mi\u1ebfng theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi g\u00e1y s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1776 l\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong l\u00fac Adam Smith c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 250 n\u0103m.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \"\"<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Catalogue c\u1ee7a collection s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Adam Smith \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo, khoa kinh t\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
      Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean mua l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Wealth of Nations<\/em> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n
      \n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \n

      T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Adam Smith t\u1ea1i Edinburgh<\/p>\n

      Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Wealth of Nations c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 500 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Scotland l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, 1776, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n h\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng 6 th\u00e1ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u1edbn l\u1eafm. Trong khi VN hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu m\u1edbi b\u00e1n h\u1ebft 1000 b\u1ea3n trong v\u00f2ng 2 th\u00e1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin vui trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a VN c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a Adam Smith. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa. Adam Smith t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf VN hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/div>\n
      Mong anh ch\u1ecb gi\u00fap cho Adam Smith \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam.<\/div>\n
      Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/div>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"Greek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      K\u1ef6 Y\u1ebeU ADAM SMITH 300 N\u0102M (1723\u20132023) RA M\u1eaeT Nh\u00f3m Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean: Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Th\u1ecd   S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13998"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13998"}],"version-history":[{"count":173,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14473,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13998\/revisions\/14473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}