{"id":14187,"date":"2025-07-19T18:44:37","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T11:44:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=14187"},"modified":"2025-07-19T18:51:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T11:51:53","slug":"francis-fukuyama-ve-dan-chu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/francis-fukuyama-ve-dan-chu\/","title":{"rendered":"Francis Fukuyama v\u1ec1 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ec0N D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 D\u01af\u1edaI C\u00c1I NH\u00ccN C\u1ee6A FRANCIS FUKUYAMA<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n

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Francis Fukuyama (27\/10\/1952)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Francis Fukuyama, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” v\u1ec1 \u00a0Hoa K\u1ef3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 do b\u00e1o Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung (NZZ), Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: Thomas M\u00fcller (v\u0103n b\u1ea3n), Dominic Nahr (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh). Francis Fukuyama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 72, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh cho n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do. B\u00e1o NZZ \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Zurich, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u01b0u tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2025. Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n B\u00e1o NZZ. (Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi NZZ)<\/p>\n

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Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch “c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c” c\u1ee7a Francis Fukuyama, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1992 t\u1ea1i Avon Books.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2006 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch, Francis Fukuyama \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Hegel, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Marx nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb khi Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Marx\/Engels ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1848 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/em>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n”.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Alexandre Koj\u00e8ve, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hegel l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga g\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806, n\u0103m m\u00e0 Napoleon \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Ph\u1ed5 trong tr\u1eadn Jena-Auerstadt ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, qua \u0111\u00f3 mang nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Hegel. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hegel, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1806 nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n tin vui nh\u01b0 h\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00ean men, khi tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt, b\u1ecf qua h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean n\u00f3 m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nhau \u0111ang tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh trong m\u01a1. M\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ra \u0111\u1eddi. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Samuel Huntington, th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Francis Fukuyama, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “S\u1ef1 Xung \u0110\u1ed9t Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c N\u1ec1n V\u0103n Minh v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c T\u00e1i L\u1eadp Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eadt ra, Hegel, Tocqueville, v\u00e0 Nietzsche, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb phi-t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Francis Bacon v\u00e0 Ren\u00e9 Descartes, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u Phi hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Adam Smith c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d theo ngh\u0129a Marx-Hegel, Francis Fukuyama vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1nh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf bay cao, h\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a than, th\u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Seymour Martin Lipset, khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 6.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tinh hoa cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng tham gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i Nobel Amartya Sen nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, “D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i”. C\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Kim Dae-jung c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng), m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta”.<\/p>\n

Theo Fukuyama, Huntington \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Huntington g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Davos”. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u1ef9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c chung t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, khi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 tin. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u1edf ra ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a ai l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. R\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t 1806, hay 1989 m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c 1984 c\u1ee7a Orwell? Ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u1ed8I DUNG TR\u1ea2 L\u1edcI PH\u1eceNG V\u1ea4N<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng Fukuyama, n\u0103m 1989, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed”. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Nga x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady. N\u0103m 1989, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (Geopolitik) v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (Macht).<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn (quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t. Putin v\u00e0 T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ai coi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu l\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc BRICS t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i phi t\u1ef1 do (illiberal), kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng bao qu\u00e1t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Brazil th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a Hoa K\u1ef3. Nam B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u00ec ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng Trump l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 Trump. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh di c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng Trump s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u00e3i nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta (D. Trump), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf quan, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Trump v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kho\u1ea3ng 170 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. V\u1eady n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n tra. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc chung m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, hay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Modi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea chung n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 khoan dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Internet, theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung cho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Donald Trump c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2020, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Internet, \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 M\u1ef9 tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 20 ho\u1eb7c 30 n\u0103m. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi tinh hoa n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u00eda h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e2n-t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. \u1ede ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 chia con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u01b0ng hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 “thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i” v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i sao?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 2000 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cao. Sau khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp WTO v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, kho\u1ea3ng hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i xung quanh cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trump n\u0103m 2016.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i n\u00e0y: m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc chung hay b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay. Nh\u01b0ng hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf than \u1edf T\u00e2y Virginia, c\u00f3 cha v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh trong nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1999 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “The Great Disruption” (S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbn). L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trao quy\u1ec1n cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nhi\u1ec1u nam gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 20%. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ng\u1eebng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00ec ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 x\u1ea5u. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft “S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c quan. Ng\u00e0y nay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi quan h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1c quan?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u1edd xem. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec n\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o Ukraine. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i khao kh\u00e1t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3. Sau ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 10, m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Palestine tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp. T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady n\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u tay. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc n\u0103m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a “H\u1ed3i k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng”. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft: N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0H\u1ebft \u2013<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/span><\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (Jonathan Sumption)<\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u1ea1i sao suy tho\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/h1>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/van-hoa-va-dan-chu-jonathan-sumption\/<\/a><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n

C\u1ea3m \u01a1n.<\/em><\/strong> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n T.M.K. (Berlin) \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ec0N D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 D\u01af\u1edaI C\u00c1I NH\u00ccN C\u1ee6A FRANCIS FUKUYAMA Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.   Francis Fukuyama (27\/10\/1952) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Francis Fukuyama, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” v\u1ec1 \u00a0Hoa K\u1ef3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14187"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14187"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14210,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14187\/revisions\/14210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}