{"id":14360,"date":"2025-09-20T18:07:51","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T11:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=14360"},"modified":"2025-09-20T20:39:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T13:39:39","slug":"albert-einstein-tu-nhung-nam-sau-cua-doi-toi-ra-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/albert-einstein-tu-nhung-nam-sau-cua-doi-toi-ra-mat\/","title":{"rendered":"Albert Einstein, T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/i> ra m\u1eaft"},"content":{"rendered":"

ALBERT EINSTEIN, T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/em><\/span><\/h1>\n

Out of my later years \/ Aus meinen sp\u00e4ten Jahren<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ra m\u1eaft Th\u00e1ng 9, 2025 t\u1ea1i IRED Books & Nxb Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edaI S\u1ef0 T\u00c0I TR\u1ee2 C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6N V\u0102N H\u00d3A GOETHE TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi<\/em> \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Thu Tr\u00e0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Einstein<\/em><\/strong> vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00f4i th\u00fac. Th\u1eadt h\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n khi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00f4i; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch, v\u00ec theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat li\u00ean quan.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Albert Einstein<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 trong tim t\u00f4i. \u2026Einstein kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng trong t\u01b0 duy trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 – \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c cho t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau s\u00e1ch cho m\u00ecnh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e1m danh hay ganh t\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 ngay nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Newton v\u00e0 Leibniz c\u0169ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Bertrand Russell<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 leo l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 kia, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u00f4m nay t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft: \u201cM\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Einstein h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Einstein n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 John Wheeler<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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CH\u00c2N DUNG C\u1ee6A M\u1ed8T NH\u00c0 KHOA H\u1eccC, TRI\u1ebeT H\u1eccC, V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T CON NG\u01af\u1edcI QUA PH\u00c1T BI\u1ec2U C\u1ee6A \u00d4NG V\u1ec0 NH\u1eeeNG V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u1ea4P B\u00c1CH C\u1ee6A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I: KHOA H\u1eccC, GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C, X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I, V\u0102N MINH, CH\u1ee6NG T\u1ed8C, T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O, TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I, CHI\u1ebeN TRANH V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebeU PH\u01af\u01a0NG T\u00c2Y C\u00d3 SOCRATES TH\u00cc 2300 N\u0102M SAU, TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI C\u00d3 TH\u00caM M\u1ed8T EINSTEIN, NH\u00c0 KHOA H\u1eccC V\u1edaI L\u01af\u01a0NG T\u00c2M TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

B\u00eca c\u1ee9ng: 424 trang. <\/b>Kh\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch: 14cm x 22cm. <\/b>Gi\u00e1 b\u00eca: 290.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/b>Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh: IRED Books<\/b>\u00a0|\u00a0NXB <\/b>Tri Th\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Goethe<\/strong> t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/span><\/h4>\n

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S\u1ef0 KI\u1ec6N GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U S\u00c1CH<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Ng\u00e0y 26. 9. 2025, <\/strong>IRED<\/strong> Books<\/strong> v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u00f3a Goethe<\/strong> Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/story.php?story_fbid=1221488973353952&id=100064785813863&http_ref=eyJ0cyI6MTc1ODE3MzkwNjAwMCwiciI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbVwvIn0%3D<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ired.edu.vn\/hoi-thao\/toa-dam-sach-hay-einstein-hanh-trinh-tu-tuong<\/a><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Anh ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn<\/em>,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng khi th\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ra m\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 mua t\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i IRED trong T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch Tinh hoa. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n “M\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i”. Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Einstein.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn<\/em><\/strong>, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1ef1 do, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. Einstein \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hai cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u do tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 d\u00e2n t\u00fay. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea3 hai, T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i<\/strong><\/em> v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y<\/strong><\/em>, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/em> (Creed, Confession) c\u1ee7a Einstein, b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e2n sinh quan, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1ead, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Einstein kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. “Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim r\u1ec9 m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u0111\u1eabm l\u1ec7.” nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c Leopold Infeld nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, hai b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/em><\/strong> v\u1ec1 Einstein ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u00e0 m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Einstein<\/em><\/strong> (The Einstein Way<\/strong>). Tuy th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “c\u1ed7 xe \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e3” (Einsp\u00e4nner), nh\u01b0ng Einstein l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/albert-einstein-tin-dieu-cua-toi\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch quan, v\u0129nh c\u1eefu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n bi\u1ebft bao v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: S\u1edf h\u1eefu, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 xa x\u1ec9 \u2013 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng khinh. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd khao kh\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 xa x\u1ec9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang. Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. […] \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u00ednh qua m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ra \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 s\u1ed1 112 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Mercer, H\u1ea1t Mercer, Princeton, New Jersey, theo di ch\u00fac c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i “h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng”. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng xe, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u00ean xe \u0111i ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford<\/a><\/em> Oxford l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u0103n nh\u00e0 112 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Mercer, Princeton n\u01a1i Einstein \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1935 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea5t th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1955.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

\u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Einstein t\u1ea1i Princeton v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = mc2<\/sup> (1905)<\/p>\n

Tuy th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o The New York Times<\/em> vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn sau khi Einstein m\u1ea5t, “C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd to\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u01b0 Einstein l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1eed thi (epic poets) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta”. V\u00e0 “V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd”. V\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n. <\/em><\/strong>Einstein l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i<\/em>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 duy<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi qu\u00fd Anh Ch\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n \u00e1i,<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u223cL\u1eddi b\u1ea1t\u223c<\/span><\/em><\/h1>\n

Trong b\u00e0i D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00f4i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Einstein trong b\u00e0i T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i?<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Tuy \u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 bao nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. B\u00e0i \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1949. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1942, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 7 n\u0103m, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u00c1o Joseph A. Schumpeter<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u00c1o, di t\u1ea3n qua Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1932 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i di t\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 <\/em><\/strong>(Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy<\/em>) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n t\u1eeb 1938, v\u00e0 ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u0103m 1942, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1945. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m suy t\u01b0, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. Schumpeter n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/em><\/strong>” (creative destruction) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 hai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, entrepreneurship v\u00e0 innovation. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Joseph A. Schumpeter (8 th\u00e1ng 2, 1883 \u2013 8 th\u00e1ng 1, 1950)<\/p>\n

Schumpeter cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (innovation) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kinh doanh c\u0169, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00eam qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean b\u1eadc cao m\u1edbi. Schumpeter \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Prophet of Innovation”, Nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/em>. T\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u1edf\u00a0Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/strong>\u00a0<\/i><\/a>ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Schumpeter c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Robert Heilbroner, Paul Sweezy, John Kenneth Galbraith, c\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch C\u1ee5c D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef Li\u00ean bang Alan Greenspan, Robert Solow (gi\u1ea3i Nobel); Paul Samuelson, gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Schumpeter.<\/p>\n

Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1ea7n II \u2014\u201cLi\u1ec7u Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i?\u201d\u2014t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n<\/em>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3) \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu\u201d. Tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra\u2014c\u1ea3 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Marx v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u1ec1u sai, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft<\/em>. (Nghi\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o) (Schumpeter, 12)<\/p>\n

Theo Schumpeter, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n mang l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t mentality m\u1edbi trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, cu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd xem nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c m\u1edbi cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

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Ludwig Erhard, trong chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u00f3 m\u0169 tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o D\u00f2ng Capuchin (thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng n\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u0169 tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng), v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch “Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u01a1 cao trong m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m s\u1eafc b\u00e9n trong tay kia, gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c \u0111ang m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean minh l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 (cartel): “Theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ta, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm mi\u1ebfng \u0103n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft…”<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kinh th\u00e1nh (Bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Erich K\u00f6hler,1953)<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Schumpeter d\u0129 nhi\u00ean g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Schumpeter, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay sau h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m c\u0169ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. John Kenneth Galbraith<\/strong> th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh n\u00f3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean.”<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Ludwig Erhard<\/strong>, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, Soziale Marktwirtschaft<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1948 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m “ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t” c\u00e1c cartel, c\u00e1c v\u00f2i b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111i\u1ec3u s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/em> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Adam Smith mong mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o. Schumpeter tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu – v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu – n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed3n vinh 80 n\u0103m qua \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi “ti\u00ean tri” c\u1ee7a Schumpeter, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Adam Smith c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 th\u00eam h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c “thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta” (Abraham Lincoln) c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Greek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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ALBERT EINSTEIN, T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i Out of my later years \/ Aus meinen sp\u00e4ten Jahren S\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ra m\u1eaft Th\u00e1ng 9, 2025 t\u1ea1i IRED Books & Nxb Tri Th\u1ee9c V\u1edaI S\u1ef0 T\u00c0I TR\u1ee2 C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6N V\u0102N H\u00d3A GOETHE TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14360"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14360"}],"version-history":[{"count":89,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14624,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14360\/revisions\/14624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}