{"id":14536,"date":"2026-02-01T13:04:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T06:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=14536"},"modified":"2026-03-31T10:46:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T03:46:51","slug":"su-troi-day-cua-robot-martin-ford","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/su-troi-day-cua-robot-martin-ford\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Robot (Martin Ford)"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef0 TR\u1ed6I D\u1eacY C\u1ee6A ROBOT<\/span><\/h1>\n

RISE OF THE ROBOTS<\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em>: MARTIN FORD<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1edcI D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u1eefa), nh\u1eefng ai h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Charles Darwin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1eefa… Kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Jaron Lanier<\/strong>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a You Are Not a Gadget<\/em><\/span>
\nv\u00e0 Who Owns the Future? <\/em>– Gi\u1ea3i H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c 2014<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ch\u1eadp ch\u1eefng. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u1eb1m trong l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 theo ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tia l\u1eeda. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebb, \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00e3y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap soi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111ang m\u1edf ra, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Ethan Mollick<\/strong>, n\u1eb1m trong<\/em> TIME100 AI 2024[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Robot tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady <\/em><\/strong>c\u1ee7a PhanBook v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft:<\/p>\n\"\"\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/em>:<\/p>\n

G\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span><\/span>: M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u\/ C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\/ M\u00e1y t\u00ednh, AI c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng?\/ Si\u00eau tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\/ \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb\/ K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Sapiens v\u00e0 AI?\/ Ray Kurzweil v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n AI c\u1ee7a cha m\u00ecnh\/ Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft\/ L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t 1: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity\/\u00a0Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u00e0m m\u0169\/ L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t 2: AI vs Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/p>\n

R<\/span>obot tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady \u2013 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i, chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u201cA New York Times<\/em> Bestseller\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cBusiness Book of the Year 2015\u201d. Trang Forbes.com <\/em>b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cM\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, t\u1eeb khi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ra m\u1eaft cho t\u1edbi c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u201cn\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c\u201d, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft trong l\u1eddi khen.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u00f3ng ma\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n robot \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9o qua kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh routine<\/em>, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb robot thay th\u1ebf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Robot kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m c\u00fam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24\/7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a robot s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y\u201d l\u0103m le nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lanh l\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c b\u01a1i theo d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c, hay b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u00e0n t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a robot v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 – 2002, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 15% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 16 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 2012, Foxconn \u2014 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Apple theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u robot trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00e0i Loan Delta Electronics, Inc., m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o robot gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb cho l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Delta hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t robot l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t tay v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la \u2014 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi Baxter c\u1ee7a Rethink. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 ABB Group v\u00e0 Kuka AG c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn robot m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. (Rise of Robots<\/em>, 10)<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng sushi Kura c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean phong th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. T\u1ea1i 262 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i, robot gi\u00fap l\u00e0m sushi trong khi b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eebng \u0111\u0129a sushi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi m\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 khi d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa xong, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe g\u1ea7n b\u00e0n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng mang ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ebfp. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. (Rise of Robots<\/em>, 15)<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Theo \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo h\u00e0m m\u0169 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c robot s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecf t\u00fai v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “k\u1ebb th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3”. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i, Martin Ford vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Joseph Schumpeter th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t minh, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i c\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 IBM Watson. Watson, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1edd vua. Ng\u00e0y nay, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Watson. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh do m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a g\u00e2y ra, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Jack Ma, t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean l\u00e0m sao cho kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y, c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y l\u00e0 thua, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n robot kh\u00f3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u01b0? M\u00e0 AI c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebd tranh, l\u00e0m th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sun Microsystems, cho r\u1eb1ng AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Luddite k\u00e9o \u0111i \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi quan nh\u1ea5t l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sai. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c robot v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Robot hay AI h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng, li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ebd so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n – ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng bao g\u1ed3m Paul Krugman v\u00e0 Jeffrey Sachs c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, AI, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a robot, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai t\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. AI \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a AI ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (deep learning): m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi, danh b\u1ea1 v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Internet nh\u01b0 Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Baidu, Tencent v\u00e0 Alibaba thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y AI c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

AlphaGo c\u1ee7a Google \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 18 th\u00e1ng sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a AlphaGo tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd v\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Google \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e2y. AlphaGo Zero kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00e1n c\u1edd c\u0169 n\u1eefa. AlphaGo Zero ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi DNA tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 40 ng\u00e0y (!) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c t\u00edch l\u0169y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>r\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/em> Turing (test). N\u0103m 1950, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Alan Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng?”. Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o “M\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh”, Turing \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1i m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/em> Turing, hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc (imitation game<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea3 AI v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 AI tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. Turing n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cv\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y (XX), vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Alan Turing (1912-1954)<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c “m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u01b0 duy”, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1956, hai n\u0103m sau khi Turing qua \u0111\u1eddi, John McCarthy, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Dartmouth, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 “cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o” (AI), \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u01b0 duy \u2014 ch\u1ecdn t\u00ean “tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o” cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Dartmouth, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm ra “c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang”.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ChatGPT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (human-like<\/em>) h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m x\u00fac d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra Turing: gi\u1ed1ng-ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d m\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u201cai \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O (CREATIVITY<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/span>on ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh hay \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Margaret Boden g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/em> (transformational<\/em>), x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc hay ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i\u201d. B\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, trong khoa h\u1ecdc, trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00e0o Goethe. Hai n\u0103m li\u1ec1n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 N\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng Werthe<\/em>r, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00fat th\u1eaft. “Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3,” \u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong Dichtung und Wahrheit<\/em>, “k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch vi\u1ebft Werther \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y\u201d, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 Michelangelo \u1edf tu\u1ed5i teen b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Lorenzo \u1edf San Marco l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La m\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Lorenzo de’ Medici l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Florence v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf \u00dd. Lorenzo mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1ec1m\u201d th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 Michelangelo t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Medici sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 Galilei. Cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Michelangelo b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Lorenzo v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. \u00a0T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e3i c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vui l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Hay nh\u01b0 Van Gogh, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, r\u00fat v\u1ec1 trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7m b\u00fat l\u00f4ng v\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Albert Einstein th\u00ec h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng r\u1ecf ra th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, hay ngay c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Zurich, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t genius, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n thi \u0111\u1eadu c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o trung h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111am m\u00ea khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1m b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft s\u00f3ng-h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 26. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ef1c quan, intuition, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Poincar\u00e9 xem l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: \u201cT\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi.\u201d Mozart c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat ghi l\u1ea1i note. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ee7a intuition kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, Mozart (1756\u20131791) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n minuet. N\u0103m s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n cho ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Maria Theresa t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Vienna. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c s\u00e1u tr\u0103m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.[a]<\/a><\/p>\n

[a]<\/a> Xem Ray Kurzweil, How to create a mind<\/em>. The secret of human thought revealed<\/em>. 2012<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed critical c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, khoa h\u1ecdc, hay \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u00ean trong, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u0169. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, r\u1ea5t “bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng”, theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, trong khi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra? Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi \u2014 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Margaret Boden vi\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch[c]<\/a> c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[c]<\/a> The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/p>\n

M\u00c1Y T\u00cdNH, TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 NH\u00c2N T\u1ea0O C\u00d3 T\u00cdNH S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O HAY KH\u00d4NG?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/span>\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 AI th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: Li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n (will<\/em>), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, li\u1ec7u AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong ch\u00fang ta hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Margaret Boden, \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Ada Lovelace \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/em> (Analytical Engine), m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Charles Babbage, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m: \u201cC\u1ed7 m\u00e1y Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ra l\u1ec7nh cho n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi.\u201d G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, chuy\u00ean gia t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, Makoto Sei Watanabe, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: \u201cM\u00e1y m\u00f3c gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111an xen. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.\u201d (Watanabe).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Plato, “m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong anh ta n\u1eefa… v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1t ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.” Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 Srinivasa Ramanujan c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho anh ta trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 b\u1edfi n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Namagiri, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh ta. C\u00f2n \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Carl Friedrich Gauss, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1798 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i: Disquisitiones arithmeticae, <\/em>th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i do “\u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa”, r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9” k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo gi\u00fap \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Newton v\u00e0 Einstein th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh cho s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 24 v\u00e0 26. \u1ede Einstein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha (phase change<\/em>) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 sao? Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Anh Marcus du Sautoy cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Picasso “k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi-l\u00fd t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00e1 gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00edt c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u00e3, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/p>\n

SI\u00caU TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 (SUPER-INTELLIGENCE<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

James Barrat, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a AI ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng hai tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c AI c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o h\u1eb9p. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/strong> (Artificial General Intelligence, AGI). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: 42% tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, 25% cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, v\u00e0 20% cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2100. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2% tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng Barrat n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa – c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2020<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 AGI, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau nh\u00e2n\u201d, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e0nh tinh xanh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y\u201d t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh t\u1ebf h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng minh\u201d, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 Stephen Hawking<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 “s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”. B\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 AI Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd r\u1eddi Google b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb AI, n\u00f3i \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi)\u201d, Hinton n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o \u201cNew York Times\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n (disrupt) lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh M\u1ef9 Ray Kurzweil<\/strong>, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd “ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n – ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110i\u1ec3m K\u1ef3 D\u1ecb<\/strong>“, Singularity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ASI\u2014si\u00eau tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (Artificial Superintelligence). Ngay khi ASI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb<\/em>, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng John von Neumann \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 “c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c”. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb AI, c\u00e1c AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/p>\n

\u0110I\u1ec2M K\u1ef2 D\u1eca (SINGULARITY<\/em>)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K<\/span>h\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7 \u0111en trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 \u0111en, hay qua kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh John von Neumann, \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950: \u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c… cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.\u201d Nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Vernor Vinge c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang San Diego l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi”. Theo \u00f4ng, “trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh si\u00eau ph\u00e0m. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac.”<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ray Kurzweil l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, qua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n: Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u201d (The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology<\/em>) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Kurzweil, The Age of Intelligent Machines<\/em> (1990) v\u00e0 The Age of Spiritual Machines<\/em> (1999), t\u1ee9c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 duy r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2020, v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec3m K\u1ef3 D\u1ecb s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2045.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ray Kurzweil (1948, 77t) t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Singularity t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford 2006.<\/p>\n

Kurzweil n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong s\u00e1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 danh d\u1ef1, Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh Danh v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf Hoa K\u1ef3. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Inc. t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p” c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison.<\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/em>, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00eam quy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi: \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n<\/em> (2024). H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, Kurzweil u\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c theo diet ri\u00eang, v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, phong \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 l\u00fac AI s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/p>\n

K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN H\u1ee2P NH\u1ea4T GI\u1eeeA SAPIENS<\/em> V\u00c0 AI?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2024 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Demis Hassabis<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi David Baker v\u00e0 John M. Jumper. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean AlphaFold, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Google DeepMind, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 3D c\u1ee7a protein t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 axit amin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lan t\u1ecfa tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00f9i l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2010, Hassabis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp DeepMind, platform c\u1ee7a AlphaGo, \u0111\u1ee9a con tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1edd v\u00e2y H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung qu\u1ed1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2016, 2017 \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh, k\u1ebft th\u00fac 2.500 n\u0103m th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd v\u00e2y. AlphaGo sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean AlphaGo Zero m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 d\u1ea1y n\u00f3. Hassabis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, sinh ra \u1edf London n\u0103m 1976, c\u00f3 cha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00edp g\u1ed1c Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Singapore. C\u1ea3 cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 Hassabis m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Bohemian, s\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i v\u00e0 anh trai c\u1ee7a anh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Hassabis kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1edd vua l\u00fac 4 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng (master) l\u00fac 13 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng Judit Polg\u00e1r; h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00fac 8 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh games l\u00fac 11 tu\u1ed5i. N\u0103m 2014, Google mua l\u1ea1i DeepMind, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb Mustafa Suleyman v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh Shane Legg c\u1ee7a University College London th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u00a3400 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa K\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd v\u00e2y Lee Sedol (tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 Demis Hassabis \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho AlphaGo c\u1ee7a Google ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2016 t\u1ea1i Seoul.<\/em> (Gettyimages)<\/p>\n

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N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd th\u1ee9 37<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd th\u1ee9 37 trong v\u00e1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa AlphaGo v\u00e0 Lee Sedol, AlphaGo \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i ngay c\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng tay c\u1ef1 ph\u00e1ch c\u1edd v\u00e2y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m Lee Sedol. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1\u201d, m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn gia n\u00f3i, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tay ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e2y b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1eedu \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn\u201d, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i. Lee Sedol, sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng thi \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat m\u1edbi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Fan Hui \u2013 ba l\u1ea7n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd v\u00e2y ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1edbi AlphaGo trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, thua n\u0103m v\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng v\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi AlphaGo \u2013 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i \u0111i ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10 \u2013 Fan Hui \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1n c\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e2y \u2013 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a AI. V\u00e1n c\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u201cSputnik\u201d cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 Kai-Fu Lee \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng[d]<\/a>, khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a AI: \u201cCh\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 lao v\u00e0o c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.\u201d V\u00e1n c\u1edd n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a AI.<\/p>\n

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Demis Hassabis, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ecfm t\u00f3c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c em b\u00e9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ea2nh l\u00fac \u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 40t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd v\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c Ke Jie, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc AlphaGo, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi: \u201cNh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd v\u00e2y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, v\u1eady m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 AI \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ke Jie, Gu Li, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd v\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3i th\u00eam: “Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 AI s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u1edd v\u00e2y.” \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hassabis, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng Hubble c\u1ee7a c\u1edd v\u00e2y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, xa h\u01a1n, r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3. Trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.[e]<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hay sao? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sapiens<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Gothic, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng David c\u1ee7a Michelangelo b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 s\u01a1.<\/p>\n

[d]<\/a> AI, Super-Powers. China, Silicon Valley and the New World Order<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[e]<\/a> Xem Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1edd v\u00e2y<\/em>: https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cuoc-dai-chien-giua-may-va-nguoi-trong-co-vay-phan-ii\/<\/p>\n

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Minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Harvard Business School<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1eadc cao ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Cu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Steve Jobs t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, sapiens <\/em>l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n trao quy\u1ec1n (empower) cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Darwin \u201cnh\u1eefng ai h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong context nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t AI nh\u01b0 AlphaGo Zero m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 AlphaGo th\u00ec sao? N\u00f3 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, nh\u01b0 Demis Hassabis, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra AlphaGo v\u00e0 AlphaGo Zero, chia s\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129!<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hay sao? Sapiens<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f2n th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Gothic, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng David c\u1ee7a Michelangelo. R\u1ed3i trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t AI nh\u01b0 AlphaGo Zero m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n AlphaGo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec sao? Theo Demis Hassabis, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra AlphaGo v\u00e0 AlphaGo Zero, AI \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129!<\/p>\n

[8]<\/p>\n

RAY KURZWEIL V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T B\u1ea2N SAO AI C\u1ee6A CHA M\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/span>u\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c DIE ZEIT<\/strong> t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Ray Kurzweil ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 7, 2025.<\/p>\n

ZEIT<\/strong>: \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong podcast c\u1ee7a Joe Rogan, podcast \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Rogan t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng, li\u1ec7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao Donald Trump b\u1edfi AI, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chatbot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 Trump v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 y nh\u01b0 anh ta.<\/p>\n

Kurzweil<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

ZEIT<\/strong>: Li\u1ec7u AI cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tinh hoa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n

Kurzweil<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a cha t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

ZEIT<\/strong>: V\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Kurzweil<\/strong>: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o AI nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cha t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

ZEIT<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 AI, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Kurzweil<\/strong>: \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Kurzweil. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

\u00a0[9]<\/p>\n

THAY L\u1edcI K\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/span>\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng do AI \u0111em l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c AI thay th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qua AI c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o AI l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean, hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (Arvind Narayanan, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Sayash Kapoor)[3]<\/a> v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i Nobel (Daron Acemoglu), l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 hay vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u201cqu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng\u201d v\u1edbi AI; h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u201cs\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e3i v\u00f5\u201d, xem AI nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u00e1 b\u1ec7nh. GS. Acemoglu, gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kinh t\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n MIT v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao AI ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a 5% c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 1% v\u00e0o GDP to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a AI. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb<\/em>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vernor Vinge \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a AI:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra<\/em>. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda\u201d n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00f3, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh \u2013 kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2013 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

N<\/span>\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c1o G\u00fcnther Anders<\/strong> (1902-1992), t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef tri\u1ebft gia Hannah Arendt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea3i H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 B\u00e1n s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1992, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “S\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” (Antiquiertheit des Menschen\/ The Outdatedness of Human Beings) \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi cao c\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Anders t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a (Entfremdung) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m do ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1i n\u00fai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh dung ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn ra. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc doomsday<\/em> do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Albert Einstein c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m\u201d c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n vinh tri th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn cho n\u00f3:<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 b\u1eafp cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi lo\u1ea1i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

(Xem s\u00e1ch Albert Einstein, T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i, <\/a><\/em>b\u00e0i 54 do IRED ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n

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L\u1edcI B\u1ea0T <\/em>(1)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC SINGULARITY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>\u1eeb c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Singularity c\u1ee7a Ray Kurzweil trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kurzweil, n\u0103m 2008 Peter Diamandis, m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc, chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 TED, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a New York Times[6]<\/sup><\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp h\u01a1n 25 c\u00f4ng ty, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ray Kurzweil th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Mountain View, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, California, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u00e0m m\u0169. H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai, 2009 trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n TED (C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf). H\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kinh doanh (entrepreneurship) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Peter l\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. (\u1ea2nh SU)<\/p>\n

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Peter Diamandis v\u00e0 Ray Kurzweil l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 theo c\u1ea5p h\u00e0m m\u0169 (exponential) \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, h\u1ecd h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Singularity l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh (paradigm), thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c… \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

N\u1eef doanh nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p Deborah Perry Piscione, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch B\u00ed nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o\u201d b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n: \u201cDeborah, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d Sau m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n lang thang \u1edf Singularity, b\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3: \u201cN\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i.\u201d \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Singularity, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u00ec? Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u00e0m m\u0169 (exponential). H\u00e0m m\u0169 (ax<\/sup>, v\u1edbi a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n (xn<\/sup>). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong s\u00e1ch B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>:<\/p>\n

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NH\u1eeeNG THAY \u0110\u1ed4I THEO H\u00c0M M\u0168<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>C<\/span><\/span>h\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai – \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Jack Andraka, khi \u0111\u00f3 15 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u trung h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Maryland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u1eb1m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y. \u2026 Andraka, sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i th\u00fac ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. (tr. 37) [\u2026]<\/p>\n

Theo Andraka, ph\u00e9p th\u1eed ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu nhanh g\u1ea5p 28 l\u1ea7n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n 28 l\u1ea7n (chi ph\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng ba xu) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 2012, Jack Andraka \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Intel tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 75.000 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0, sau khi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (38)<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1ef1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o<\/em>\u201d (Abundance<\/em>) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Peter Diamandis nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0103n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ebfn.\u201d S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0 Diamandis minh h\u1ecda, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cN\u1ebfu anh ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 truy c\u1eadp Google, th\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 25 n\u0103m.\u201d Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Michio Kaku l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec NASA \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd g\u1eedi hai phi h\u00e0nh gia l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. V\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi n\u00e0o? N\u0103m 2000, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 2009, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 28%, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 70% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 Sahara \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (reverse innovation): s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lan sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Carol Realini, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mobile-banking Obopay c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i California \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y: \u201cCh\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5p \u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d (39-40) [\u2026]<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: V\u00ec sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Thung l\u0169ng Silicon?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, phun tr\u00e0o v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. Doug Henton, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ki\u00eam T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Collaborative Economics, n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a-tr\u00ean-bong-b\u00f3ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng-t\u1ea1o-l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.\u201d Henton tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i bong b\u00f3ng, s\u00f4i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. (46-47) [\u2026]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 duy theo ki\u1ec3u c\u0169:<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m g\u1ea7n g\u0169i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u (framework) ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e0m m\u0169. (47-48) [\u2026]<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, Peter Diamandis tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n trong 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf Washington hay New York. (48-49)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em> (2)<\/span><\/h1>\n

AI vs<\/em> Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/em>,<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00f3i cho vui, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ch\u1ecdc m\u00e1y\u201d (machine learning, ML). C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y: thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t algorithm trong \u0111\u1ea7u, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n AI v\u00e0 Robot. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c say m\u00ea h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i t\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i AI trong \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, m\u1ed9t AI kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 hay h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng data l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft nhanh h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c tranh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (emotion) d\u1eabn d\u1eaft trong algorithm c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t AI b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y AI ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ML b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c AI chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ChatGPT c\u00f3 kho data kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch hay nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ray Kurzweil kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer, hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t New York Times bestseller kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c AI c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 feelings v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129 g\u00ec. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, 250 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0Adam Smith \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hay s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hay s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 anh ta t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang cho anh ta xem. \u0110\u01b0a anh ta v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 anh ta ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 anh ta mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y … Anh ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111am m\u00ea trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea kh\u00e1c. Anh ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kia; nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a anh ta, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a anh ta, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c c\u1ea3m m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n m\u1edbi: do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn anh ta quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a anh ta. (TMS<\/em>, 110)<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (morality) <\/em>do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (sociability)<\/em>. L\u00e0m sao d\u1ea1y cho AI \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, AI hay robot hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng co l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. S\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t AI v\u1ed3 l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u00fai th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, \u0111an xen, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng (algorithm) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f3c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu v\u00e2n (pattern) m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mong mu\u1ed1n. Hay ho\u1eb7c d\u1edf d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. Sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tra v\u00e0o google \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d th\u00ec AI Overview s\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0: \u201cPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc; Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng khung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00f9a:<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, Einstein kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

24 Th\u00e1ng Ba, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ean Buddha or Bust<\/em> (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Theo Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed7 tung<\/em>) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Perry Garfinkel nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m lan truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a AI xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean AI c\u1ee7a Google v\u1eabn ‘kh\u00f4n’ l\u1eafm. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 sao ch\u00e9p, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/em>. H\u1ecd nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Ai \u201cnh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd tin. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u201cthua\u201d nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (s\u00e2u).<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu g\u00f5 v\u00e0o Google \u201cEinstein hay Hilbert, ai t\u00ecm ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng?\u201d th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Albert Einstein v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng.\u201d \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y AI c\u0169ng \u201c\u0111i h\u00e0ng hai\u201d do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u201ctranh c\u00e3i\u201d:<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Albert Einstein<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang sai trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00e1c m\u00e0 AI kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e0n l\u1ecdc. L\u00e0m sao? H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o sai l\u1ea7m y nh\u01b0 AI n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec AI ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Einstein<\/a><\/p>\n