{"id":14894,"date":"2025-10-14T16:00:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T09:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=14894"},"modified":"2025-10-14T18:12:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T11:12:24","slug":"gs-lam-quang-thiep-qua-doi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/gs-lam-quang-thiep-qua-doi\/","title":{"rendered":"GS L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p qua \u0111\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

GI\u00c1O S\u01af L\u00c2M QUANG THI\u1ec6P QUA \u0110\u1edcI<\/span><\/h1>\n

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Nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/em> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/em> cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung th\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch GD\u0110H, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00f3i chung, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Humboldt, m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p<\/strong>, 2010<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p ( sinh ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1939 t\u1ea1i H\u00f2a Vang, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam – m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 13, th\u00e1ng 10, 2025, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 86 tu\u1ed5i)<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (1968) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 khoa h\u1ecdc (1982) v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (\u0110\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd) t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Moscow. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 V\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng V\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1988-1997), Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang New York (SUNY), Buffalo theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Fulbright. (Ngu\u1ed3n BBC)<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay, ng\u00e0y 14, th\u00e1ng 10, n\u0103m 2025, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0a tin Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i quen \u00f4ng v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt 200 N\u0103m 2010. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecbch Covid, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e0n huy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. GS Thi\u1ec7p b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc kh\u00f4n ngu\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh th\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, ph\u00fac h\u1eadu, r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111au \u0111\u00e1u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t vui v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n edu-sci (Humboldt). V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a GS L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p trong\u00a0K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt 200 N\u0103m.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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TINH TH\u1ea6N HUMBOLDT, HOA K\u1ef2 V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span><\/h1>\n

L\u00e2m Quang Thi\u1ec7p <\/span>(*)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0(2010)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (GD\u0110H) c\u1ee7a Wilhelm von Humboldt, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung, t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Humboldt v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Vi\u1ec7t nam hi\u1ec7n nay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau r\u00f5: trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung th\u1ef1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Based on Wilhelm von Humboldt\u2019s ideas concerning higher education, the article begins with some remarks which prove these ideas have had great impacts on U.S. higher education \u2013 the most attractive one in the world. The article goes on to introduce the main characteristics of U.S. higher education since its early days, including decentralization, <\/em>practicality, masscification and marketization. With a reference to Humboldt\u2019s higher education ideal and experience of U.S. higher education, the article highlights some significant issues in Vietnam\u2019s higher education system, related to the lack of autonomy and accountability, the separation of research institutes from higher education institutions, and the underestimated academic freedom. The article indicates that with the current socio-economic conditions of Vietnam, there needs to be a persistent struggle to turn Humboldt\u2019s higher education ideal into reality. In order to create a favorable start for this revolutionary struggle, Vietnam is now in great need of a drastic reform of education which aims to develop an honest educational system.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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1. GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC HOA K\u1ef2
\nV\u00c0 M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (GD\u0110H) Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c tinh hoa ri\u00eang t\u1eeb m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cN\u1ec1n GD\u0110H M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba m\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng: truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n v\u0103n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Anh Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d (1)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hai trong ba m\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch GD\u0110H v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, trong \u0111\u00f3 Wilhelm von Humboldt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H: 1) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; 2) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u00a0; 3) T\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\u00a0 C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cM\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ee9c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Johns Hopkins v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1876 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c noi theo b\u1edfi Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Northwestern, Michigan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, d\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean sang t\u1eadn Stanford v\u00e0 Berkeley \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda T\u00e2y\u201d (2)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Humboldt n\u1ea3y sinh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh sau khi b\u1ecb Napoleon t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berlin (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh hai anh em Humboldt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a W. Humboldt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: Hegel, Schopenhauer, Einstein, Plank v.v.. v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u1edbi 29 gi\u1ea3i Nobel trong kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n o\u00e1i o\u0103m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berlin gi\u1eef \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng vinh quang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3, v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1933 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berlin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c truy \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Do th\u00e1i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Berlin sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Tuy nhi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n Humboldt v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3: n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t tinh th\u1ea7n Humboldt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1edd thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Hitler\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 Albert Einstein l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Cho n\u00ean, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cHarvard c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Harvard ng\u00e0y nay n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Humboldt\u201d (3)<\/sup>. C\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 GD\u0110H c\u1ee7a Humboldt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 GD\u0110H c\u1ee7a Humboldt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m (4),<\/sup> ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd n\u00eau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

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2. C\u00c1C \u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC HOA K\u1ef2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GD\u0110H \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o GD\u0110H Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi GD\u0110H ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 so v\u1edbi GD\u0110H ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12 th\u00ec GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c non tr\u1ebb, v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m (2)<\/sup>. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GD\u0110H \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Bologna<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 GD\u0110H trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian GD\u0110H ch\u00e2u \u00c2<\/em>u<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 (5)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n GD\u0110H \u201cc\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n\u201d, n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a GD\u0110H Hoa K\u1ef3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GD\u0110H. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa.<\/p>\n