{"id":14920,"date":"2025-10-20T17:10:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T10:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=14920"},"modified":"2025-10-20T21:38:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T14:38:16","slug":"duong-chan-ninh-chen-ning-yang-qua-doi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/duong-chan-ninh-chen-ning-yang-qua-doi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n Ninh (Chen Ning Yang) qua \u0111\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u01af\u01a0NG CH\u1ea4N NINH (CHEN NING YANG)\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

NH\u00c0 KHOA H\u1eccC V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I M\u1ef8-TRUNG QUA \u0110\u1edcI<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa. May m\u1eafn thay, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014Chen Ning Yang (D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n Ninh)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t M\u1ef9-Trung Gi\u1ea3i Nobel C. N. Yang<\/strong> qua \u0111\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd 103 tu\u1ed5i h\u00f4m th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh, n\u01a1i Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.\u00a0Tin n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C. N. Yang l\u00e0 ai?<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb<\/strong> s\u00e1ng nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng nguy\u00ean trang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

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D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n Ninh, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t. \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Yang sinh ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1922 t\u1ea1i Hefei, t\u1ec9nh Anhwei (Anhui), Trung Qu\u1ed1c. D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 to\u00e1n, K.C. Yang, t\u1eebng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Ph. D t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 TQ gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tsing Hua (Thanh Hoa, B\u1eafc Kinh) r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Southwest Associated University (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft T\u00e2y Nam), Kunming, t\u1ec9nh Yunan.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1945 Yang, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 23 tu\u1ed5i, sang Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Enrico Fermi (gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1938). Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Fermi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi Columbia v\u00e0 b\u1eb7t t\u0103m \u00e2m t\u00edn. Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c truy t\u00ecm ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Fermi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Yang \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi Edward Teller, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, v\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (1948) v\u1edbi Teller \u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd cho Fermi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

C. N. Yang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u00e2y s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p T.D. Lee, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Hoa ki\u1ec1u, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebfu (non-conservation of parity in weak interactions only); t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 b\u00eata (\u03b2-decay). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 b\u00eata (\u03b2-decay) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. Hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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  1. \"\"<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hai \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 L\u00fd l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i Nobel.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eeda n\u0103m sau, \u0111\u1ea7u 1957, Chien-Shiung Wu (Ng\u00f4 Ki\u1ec7n H\u00f9ng) \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef chuy\u00ean gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 b\u00eata, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Yang v\u00e0 Lee, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u201cCh\u00faa thu\u1eadn tay tr\u00e1i y\u1ebfu\u201d. C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 b\u00eata! T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt. \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadn tay tr\u00e1i y\u1ebfu\u201d. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng. Schwinger \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cGentlemen, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00fai m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc (\u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d. Ngay trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, 1957, Lee v\u00e0 Yang, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 31 v\u00e0 35, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3i Nobel, l\u00e0 hai trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t (Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i l\u00fac 31 tu\u1ed5i). D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Wu, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Marie Curie th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. \u1ee6y ban Nobel \u1edf Stockholm \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra m\u00ecnh \u2018b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng\u2019, \u2018thu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 h\u01a1n \u2018thu\u1eadn \u00e2m\u2019!<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Chien-Shiung Wu (Ng\u00f4 Ki\u1ec7n H\u00f9ng, 1912-1997), \u201cFirst lady of science\u201d<\/p>\n

    V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng<\/em> chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. N\u0103m 1956\/57 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u2018h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2019 trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng P, C (\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch) v\u00e0 T (th\u1eddi gian) c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft CPT l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u00d4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u00ean tr\u00e1i) c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1o (\u1edf gi\u1eefa) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957. Ngu\u1ed3n: Associated Press<\/p>\n

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    “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, trong h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u1eabn xung \u0111\u1ed9t”<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c Nobel n\u0103m 1957, Yang k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t h\u00f4m nay t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i Nobel. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, khi gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1901 th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Ngh\u0129a H\u00f2a \u0110o\u00e0n (Boxer War) c\u0169ng v\u1eeba ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Trung Hoa b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho li\u00ean minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn g\u00e2y cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng. Kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Yang n\u00f3i, trong m\u1ed9t “ngh\u0129a c\u1eed r\u1ea5t M\u1ef9”, Hoa K\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho Trung Hoa cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.\u201d Yang n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u1eabn xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/em>. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n Trung Hoa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. C\u0169ng theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh B\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng Ngh\u0129a H\u00f2a \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 bay t\u1eeb C\u00f4n Minh \u0111\u1ebfn Calcutta v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1945, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay ch\u1edf qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn New York v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    T\u00e1m nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i Nobel t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Rochester 1960 \u1edf Rochester, New York. T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua: E. Segr\u00e8, C. N. Yang, O. Chamberlain, T. D. Lee, E. McMillan, C. D. Anderson, I. I. Rabi, W. Heisenberg. (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a L. Cruzer)<\/p>\n

    Yang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. N\u0103m 1954, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Robert Mills, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Chu\u1ea9n Yang-Mills, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. L\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu, b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng Yang-Mills. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh n\u0103m 1954 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Brookhaven, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh “khai m\u1edf k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean”, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Yang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a C. N. Yang v\u00e0 T.D. Lee. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed QCD, l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quark, c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills. Hai l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung: thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills. Yang r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1eafm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i Nobel th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Mills! D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Yang c\u00f2n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u1ea2nh h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 60 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng Yang-Mills t\u1ea1i Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 25 -28 May 2015 (s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean L. Brink K. K. Phua, NXB World Scientific<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng Yang-Mills, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Einstein, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Weyl v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh t\u1ea1i Chicago.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau n\u0103m 1945, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u0169 nh\u01b0 proton, neutron, electron, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t kia, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u03a3 v\u00e0 \u039b t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, v.v. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chung v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Weyl.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Hai \u00f4ng C.N. Yang v\u00e0 Robert Mills<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t trang b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n Ninh n\u0103m 1947 v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Yang nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Einstein trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Yang v\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed The Physical Review<\/em>, v\u00e0 Einstein mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u01b0\u1ee1i, Yang k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i theo New York Times<\/em>, r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng “kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3”, b\u1edfi “\u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9”, “v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay.”<\/p>\n

    Yang nghi ng\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. “T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh t\u1ebf”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. “T\u00f4i t\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed, 100 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?”<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    K<\/span>hi Yang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i Nobel, Chu \u00c2n Lai t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o Yang v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Yang t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi Kissinger tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Kinh sau m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khai th\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ef9-Trung n\u0103m 1971, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd Kerson Huang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hoa c\u1ee7a Yang: \u201cTrong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn m\u00e1y bay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc Kinh.\u201d\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 Yang mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

    Yang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 th\u0103m Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1971 khi quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan b\u0103ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 mong b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Yang gieo h\u1ea1t. \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hoa ki\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i cho quan h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc Hoa-M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho Trung Hoa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

    V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Thanh Hoa, V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Trung (Wang Dazhong), l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Cao c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton. H\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1997 Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u1edbi D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n Ninh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c danh d\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, D\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong 10, 20 ho\u1eb7c 50 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    \u00d4ng lao v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 2004, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng 82 tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 thi, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ph\u00f2ng thi. Theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n ch\u1eadt k\u00edn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean cho m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chen ch\u00fac \u1edf h\u00e0nh lang ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp quanh c\u1eeda sau ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u0103m 2009, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5 ra v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Ti\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc S\u00e2m (Hsue-Shen Tsien) \u2013 t\u1ea1i sao Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y? Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp L\u1edbp V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh Hoa, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 “l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2”, \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. “T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0 duy r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

    Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc S\u00e2m<\/strong> (Hsue-Shen Tsien) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecfa ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2009, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc gia c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?\u201d N\u0103m 1955, Ti\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc S\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao \u0111ang n\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 California (Caltech), \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean t\u00e0u Cleveland President tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Los Angeles: \u201cT\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u201d V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991 khi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169 \u1edf Catech l\u00e0 Frank Marble t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng hoang mang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadm v\u1ebb b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa: \u201cN\u00e0y Frank, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u201d (Xem Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o <\/a><\/em>Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, 2023)<\/p>\n

    Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc S\u00e2m, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

    Theo t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong 40 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. [\u2026] Nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc, thuy\u1ebft Darwin, ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, chu\u1ed7i xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p, penicillin, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

    Tuy c\u00f3 big science, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi “c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do” \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (their own interests), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho sinh vi\u00ean M\u1ef9, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u00ean b\u1edbt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay. Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, individuality, hay character, bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m (s\u1edf th\u00edch) l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00ea nh\u00e0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m 1950, \u00f4ng Yang k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Chih Li Tu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con. Sau khi b\u00e0 Tu qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2003, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Weng Fan (\u00d4ng Ph\u00e0m), k\u00e9m \u00f4ng h\u01a1n 54 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng 82, c\u00f4 28, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 khi Weng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Yang g\u1ecdi c\u00f4 l\u00e0 “ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf” ban cho \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho \u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

    Trong \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Yang \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    M\u1eddi xem th\u00eam<\/em><\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    CU\u1ed8C TRI\u1ec2N L\u00c3M EINSTEIN T\u1ea0I SHANGHAI N\u0102M 2019<\/span><\/h1>\n

    N\u0103m 2019 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m “Albert Einstein: “Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ed1n chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian” t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng World Expo \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 8 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 10. Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u01a1n 130 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt g\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Albert Einstein t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hebrew Jerusalem. Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

    E = mc<\/em>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\"\"\n

    Chen Ning Yang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i khai m\u1ea1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m. \u00d4ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Einstein. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Einstein, \u00f4ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0“Einstein l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta”, Yang ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 khai m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

    N\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 140 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Yang \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hanoch Gutfreund, c\u1ef1u hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hebrew t\u1ea1i Jerusalem, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Einstein.<\/p>\n

    Hanoch Gutfreund, chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Albert Einstein thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Einstein, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Einstein v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

    M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Albert Einstein l\u00e0m guide-book lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Einstein qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Z. Rosenkranz v\u00e0 B. Wolff, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Trung \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p Einstein v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 Elsa c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i n\u0103m 1922 c\u00f3 nh\u00e3 \u00fd chi\u00eau \u0111\u00e3i \u00f4ng. (\u1ea2nh do chinadaily.com.cn cung c\u1ea5p) Einstein tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1922 c\u00f3 gh\u00e9 qua Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Singapore, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i chi\u00eau \u0111\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa Einstein v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean B\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng gh\u00e9 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\"\"\n

    Ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Einstein t\u1ea1i Kramgasse, Bern, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi “s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian”<\/p>\n

    C<\/span>u\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan r\u1ed3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ea3 hai n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec s\u1ebd ti\u1ec7n. <\/span>Nh\u01b0ng “Th\u1eddi c\u01a1 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi”. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0n tay hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y sang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, th\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Anh <\/span>David Hume<\/strong> c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc . … L\u00f2ng tham, hay ham mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111am m\u00ea ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, hay t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai …<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong khi \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vun \u0111\u1eafp khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o lu\u00f4n r\u1ea5t \u00edt: Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea chi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o: V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean,\u00a0hay nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tinh t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2014<\/strong> David Hume, <\/strong>1742<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ri\u00eang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh, Matteo Ricci<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1600 r\u1eb1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c … kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c y khoa n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc [t\u1ee9c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y … vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y khoa b\u1ecb coi nh\u1eb9, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi danh d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. (Matteo Ricci<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh trang b\u00e1o in c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb<\/strong> ng\u00e0y 20\/10\/2025 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 link online:<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/nha-vat-ly-hoc-trung-quoc-chen-ning-yang-qua-doi-di-san-cua-nguoi-ra-di-20251020092740116.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\"\"\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    D\u01af\u01a0NG CH\u1ea4N NINH (CHEN NING YANG)\u00a0 NH\u00c0 KHOA H\u1eccC V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I M\u1ef8-TRUNG QUA \u0110\u1edcI Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   T\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa. May m\u1eafn thay, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh. \u2014Chen Ning Yang (D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14920"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14920"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14966,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14920\/revisions\/14966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}