{"id":15134,"date":"2025-11-26T21:55:24","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T14:55:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=15134"},"modified":"2025-11-26T22:05:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T15:05:45","slug":"giao-duc-khai-phong-kito-giao-va-di-san-van-hoa-hy-lap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/giao-duc-khai-phong-kito-giao-va-di-san-van-hoa-hy-lap\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p"},"content":{"rendered":"

GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C KHAI PH\u00d3NG, KIT\u00d4 GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 DI S\u1ea2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A HY L\u1ea0P<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em><\/strong> (liberal education) nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Aristotle v\u00e0 Plato s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho La M\u00e3. Saint Augustine (354-430) k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u00f3, vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khai ph\u00f3ng, ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Cassiodorus (480-575) c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ea3y m\u00f4n (ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt) khai ph\u00f3ng\u201d (septem artes liberales). V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3. Cassiodorus r\u1ea5t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Augustine, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cho Kinh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Uy t\u00edn l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u1ee7a Augustine, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Cassiodorus, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o (pagan) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng cha nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, sau khi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n. (Xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb liberal<\/em>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o arts, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Plato v\u00e0 Aristote s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a anh ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n (leisure), m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c hay th\u00fac b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u1ea5p k\u00e9m\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 gi\u1edd r\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh ta, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u0103m lo vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 minh tri\u1ebft. T\u1eeb nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Hy l\u1ea1p, schol\u0113<\/em>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cschool\u201d La tinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng Anh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, schooling<\/em>, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng. Xin tr\u00edch Aristote (Politics, VIII, 3): \u201cB\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t; b\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng [ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n] l\u00e0 nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i \u2026 v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d Aristote vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: \u201cDo \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn vui h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang.\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n quadrivium<\/em>? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 Archytas, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Plato, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau, Zeno, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7, c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00eam trivium<\/em>, ba m\u00f4n n\u1eefa g\u1ed3m v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng hay logic, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh 7 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc khai ph\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp thu di s\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, khi m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy l\u1ea1p-h\u00f3a<\/em>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o-h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i-ti\u1ebfng-Hy-L\u1ea1p g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Hy L\u1ea1p-h\u00f3a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hy l\u1ea1p-h\u00f3a trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hebrew, hay Aramaic l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u00faa Jesu n\u00f3i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn Hy l\u1ea1p-h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p-h\u00f3a. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Jerusalem c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Hellenist<\/em>. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Aramaic, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho v\u0103n minh Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a: Paideia Hy l\u1ea1p s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Paideia Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, hay ti\u1ebfp thu v\u0103n h\u00f3a, cultural osmosis<\/em>. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb v\u0103n minh Hy L\u1ea1p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. L\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng di s\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp thu n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. La M\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb v\u0103n minh Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u0103n minh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh \u201cbarbarian\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u0103n minh Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m khoa h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, sau ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m th\u1eddi \u0111en t\u1ed1i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft l\u1ecbm, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh theo. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, nh\u01b0 John Locke n\u00f3i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n sinh ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1eafp t\u1edbi<\/em>: Quadrivium<\/strong>, b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng Trung c\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh khai s\u00e1ng, mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, m\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn xuy\u00ean th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u00e0nh V\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <\/strong>c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII – m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C KHAI PH\u00d3NG, KIT\u00d4 GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 DI S\u1ea2N V\u0102N H\u00d3A HY L\u1ea0P Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng (liberal education) nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Aristotle v\u00e0 Plato s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho La<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15134"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15134"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15140,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15134\/revisions\/15140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}