{"id":15461,"date":"2026-04-05T18:51:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T11:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=15461"},"modified":"2026-04-12T15:55:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T08:55:20","slug":"dieu-van-ben-quan-tai-cua-jurgen-habermas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dieu-van-ben-quan-tai-cua-jurgen-habermas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u00ean quan t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110I\u1ebeU V\u0102N B\u00caN QUAN T\u00c0I C\u1ee6A J\u00dcRGEN HABERMAS<\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em>: Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Friedrich Wilhelm Graf<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1o Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F.A.Z.) MITTWOCH, 1. APRIL 2026 \u00b7 NR. 77 \u00b7 SEITE N 3<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy l\u00fd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Friedrich Wilhelm Graf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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J\u00fcrgen Habermas (sinh ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 7, 1929, D\u00fcsseldorf\u00a0\u2014 m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 3, 2026, Starnberg, g\u1ea7n Munich)<\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Habermas, sinh n\u0103m 1929, h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i G\u00f6ttingen, Zurich v\u00e0 Bonn. N\u0103m 1956, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Frankfurt, bao g\u1ed3m Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer v\u00e0 Herbert Marcuse. Sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Marburg, Bonn v\u00e0 Heidelberg, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Frankfurt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Max Horkheimer l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m khoa tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1983 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u n\u0103m 1994, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Goethe, Frankfurt, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Habermas l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. J\u00fcrgen Habermas t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Goethe Frankfurt, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 trao l\u1ea1i cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong di s\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau n\u0103m 1994.<\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Graf cho J\u00fcr<\/span>gen Habermas t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c bao qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0, theo s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam cung, mit Demut, khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. S\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u1edf t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Erasmus x\u1ee9 Rotterdam t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n (trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n) … nh\u01b0ng tri \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\u201d V\u1edbi Habermas c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i: Tri th\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Habermas h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kant: Do s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kant, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Habermas h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 Newton t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i h\u00f2n s\u1ecfi b\u00f3ng l\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “ngu d\u1ed1t” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 “ngu d\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai s\u00e1ng”, “learned ignorance” c\u1ee7a Nicolaus Cusanus c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i “ngu d\u1ed1t” c\u1ee7a Socrates ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Habermas m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Habermas mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9. “T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1”. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: “H\u00e3y suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i th\u00fa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c.” (Dante Alighieri)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111i, v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khai ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111au \u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi J\u00fcrgen Habermas n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c J\u00fcrgen Habermas nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00e2n y\u00eau \u2013 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au chia ly, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi J\u00fcrgen Habermas b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Psalm 103 c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed (Geist), n\u00ean\u00a0nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt (Wahrheit). <\/em>[Gioan, Johannes, 4<\/strong>:24]<\/em><\/p>\n

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Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Habermas th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau,<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p,<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn chia bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a,<\/em><\/p>\n

khi J\u00fcrgen Habermas y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec l\u1ec5 tang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, b\u00e0 Ute, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi “v\u00e2ng” c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: “Anh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o (gl\u00e4ubig).” “Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n ngoan c\u1ed1,” t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00eam v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: J\u00fcrgen Habermas kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con chi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Ute v\u1eabn \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Tin L\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam g\u00ec n\u1eefa. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o n\u1eefa s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia J\u00fcrgen Habermas. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u00ednh. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1eaft khe \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh quan t\u00e0i: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: D\u1ecbch c\u00e1c Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n giao thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n (Kritische Theorie) l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n xem x\u00e9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Iran, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 11\/9, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan m\u1edbi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Max Horkheimer, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n theo ngh\u0129a, r\u1eb1ng Habermas khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Habermas r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng xem \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Religi\u00f6se Symbole) t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 phi l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u0103n th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111i h\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf (Sch\u00f6pfungstheologie) c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf quan ni\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c “ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a” c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 trung gian c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc: “V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin,” \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1987, “r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng […] m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i-Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.”<\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nu\u1ed1t khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u00f4ng: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u0103ng? Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu “ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1”, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i mang t\u00ednh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0ng ph\u00e1o tay nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh: J\u00fcrgen Habermas sau b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u201cM\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: V\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d, b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Goethe nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp sinh nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 90 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (18 th\u00e1ng 7) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Frankfurt n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong di s\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. (\u00a9: J\u00fcrgen Lecher)<\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Habermas khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “d\u1ecbch” c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng (positive) th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, n\u1ed9i dung th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n n\u00f3i chung. J\u00fcrgen Habermas nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi l\u00fd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh suy ng\u1eabm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n c\u1edfi m\u1edf: Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 ch\u00faa trong t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (Geist) v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt (Wahrheit). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai: De novissimis, V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. \u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao. N\u00f3 th\u00edch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 say m\u00ea nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra, nhu c\u1ea7u suy ng\u1eabm c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, hay th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng “v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng” . H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, hay th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t phong ph\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i \u00e1c ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u1ede n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Plato, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ebft, linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n sau khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c? N\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Apokatastasis toon pantoon, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u2013 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh tranh gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ch\u00faa. T\u00f4i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn (H\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c), thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1t th\u1ebf (eschatologie). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb Aristotle\u2014c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y nay: J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kant, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn). Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy h\u1eadu si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Sau khi ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi gian, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Habermas, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i h\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n tr\u1ea7n gian\u00a0ch\u00fang ta, Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o t\u1eadn s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ecd. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Khi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean ca ng\u1ee3i nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng cha \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas.<\/p>\n

J\u00fcrgen Habermas l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Khai s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ef1 do. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ban cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau: Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc C\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1o ph\u00f3 cho v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, Ute. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch Jesaja<\/em>, \u00ca-sai 4:6:<\/em><\/p>\n

Vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00e1n che, l\u00e0 m\u00e1i l\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m ban ng\u00e0y cho kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea9n khi b\u00e3o t\u00e1p m\u01b0a sa.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta xin ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas v\u00e0o tay Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Amen.<\/p>\n

Friedrich Wilhelm Graf<\/strong> gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ludwig Maximilian \u1edf Munich. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 tang c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u1edf Ngh\u0129a trang S\u00f6cking v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2026.<\/p>\n

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