{"id":15758,"date":"2026-05-14T15:45:02","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T08:45:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=15758"},"modified":"2026-05-14T15:59:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T08:59:23","slug":"tuong-niem-jurgen-habermas-so-dac-biet-cua-tap-chi-triet-hoc-va-tu-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tuong-niem-jurgen-habermas-so-dac-biet-cua-tap-chi-triet-hoc-va-tu-tuong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m J\u00fcrgen Habermas (S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng)"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ed0 \u0110\u1eb6C BI\u1ec6T T\u01af\u1edeNG NI\u1ec6M<\/span><\/h1>\n

J<\/span>\u00dcRGEN HABERMAS<\/span><\/h1>\n
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T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc V\u00e0 T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n
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Th\u00e1ng 5 - 2026 \r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n\"\"\n
L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, \u00f4ng (J\u00fcrgen Habermas) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u2014 Wolfram Weimer, <\/strong>B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u0169 t\u1eeb Frankfurt v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng to\u00e1t l\u00ean v\u1ebb thanh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau th\u00edch tranh c\u00e3i. “D\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0n n\u0103m” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean: V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u2014 Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o DER SPIEGEL <\/strong>v\u1ec1 <\/em>J\u00dcRGEN HABERMAS <\/strong>sau ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n
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J\u00fcrgen Habermas (18 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1929 \u2013 14 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2026)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Nh\u00f3m T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc J\u00fcrgen Habermas v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 14, th\u00e1ng Ba r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng quy lu\u1eadt. B\u00e1o DER SPIEGEL vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng: “Kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng. J\u00fcrgen Habermas l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945; cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.” H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 “Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.” C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qu\u1ed1c gia hay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (Ludwig Wittgenstein). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Isaac Newton m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “The mathematical principles of natural philosophy”.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\"\"\n
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C\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Habermas \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Starnberg, bang Bavaria (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bavaria) c\u00e1ch Munich kho\u1ea3ng 23 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Starnberg. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\"\"\n
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Habermas n\u0103m 1981 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang \u1edf Starnberg (Foto Roland Witschel\/ dpa)<\/p>\n\"\"\n
Habermas v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m 1969. \u1ea2nh: Max Scheler \/ SZ Photo<\/p>\n\"\"\n
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Habermas: “M\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, Habermas vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Kyoto danh gi\u00e1 n\u0103m 2004, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng h\u1edf h\u00e0m \u1ebfch (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00f3), \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u0169ng theo \u00f4ng, \u201cCh\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>Foto: Brigitte Friedrich \/ SZ Photo \/ picture alliance<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Habermas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf Frankfurt am Main: L\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Theodor W. Adorno t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Sigmund Freud v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c. Habermas tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Frankfurt.\u00a0T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn sinh th\u00e1i cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1edbi Habermas, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a J\u00fcrgen Habermas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra h\u01a1n 40 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Habermas cho r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7: m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Habermas ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Max Horkheimer v\u00e0 Theodor W. Adorno t\u1eebng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u00f3: “Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.” Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng giao ti\u1ebfp”, Habermas m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a “s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng” b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan li\u00eau. \u00d4ng xem x\u00e9t “s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 “ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb san ph\u1eb3ng \u0111i”, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a: “N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nguy hi\u1ec3m, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u00e1n b\u1ed5.” (J\u00fcrgen Habermas, “Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng”)<\/span><\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c anh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ph\u00e9p, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng links c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung phong ph\u00fa, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t cao, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng xem. Xin n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Anh ch\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0 g\u1eedi b\u00e0i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. Hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/p>\n
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M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/span><\/p>\n
L\u1eddi Phi L\u1ed9: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng , s\u1ed1 17 , T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m J\u00fcrgen Habermas <\/a>\u2013<\/span>Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Li\u00eam<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
PH\u1ea6N 1<\/span> \r\nT\u01af\u1edeNG NI\u1ec6M J\u00dcRGEN HABERMAS - IN MEMORY OF J\u00dcRGEN HABERMAS (1929-2026)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n