{"id":16250,"date":"2026-06-17T21:02:45","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T14:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=16250"},"modified":"2026-06-17T21:02:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T14:02:46","slug":"steve-jobs-thien-truc-giac-va-cuoc-cach-mang-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/steve-jobs-thien-truc-giac-va-cuoc-cach-mang-may-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Steve Jobs, Thi\u1ec1n, Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

STEVE JOBS, THI\u1ec0N, TR\u1ef0C GI\u00c1C\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n

v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG M\u00c1Y T\u00cdNH<\/span><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Stay hungry. Stay foolish<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2014 Steve Jobs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Steve Wozniak trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hippies<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(1)<\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/span>h\u1eefng ng\u00e0y qua d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00f4n xao, v\u00e2ng d\u1eady s\u00f3ng, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Steve Jobs sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 GD \u0110T g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 thi ng\u1eef v\u0103n. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft trong L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em> cho b\u00e0i \u00a0Khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn (Vannevar Bush)<\/a><\/em> m\u1ee5c (2) ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201cSteve Jobs Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, <\/em>v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs. Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Steve Jobs li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c: Thi\u1ec1n<\/em> v\u00e0 Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, Thi\u1ec1n<\/em> v\u00e0 Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c\u00a0<\/em>thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Jobs. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Jobs c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Jobs c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 che khu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00e0o, hay n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i apriori<\/em> trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nhau? M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, <\/em>v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Xin xem th\u00eam C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em> (2022)<\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cuniversal\u201d, m\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tri th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3. Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3?\u00a0Do \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n ra nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cao, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi Cartesian, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Descartes th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf Einstein l\u00fac gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n cho r\u1eb1ng Newton v\u00e0 Maxwell \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hay l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t Weltanschauung<\/em> m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. V\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean theo t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Cartesian nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (constructive), v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.\u00a0V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c chung chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. Xem con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 Einstein th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 leo: Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein (2026)<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/span>teve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh<\/em> t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Yogi <\/em>(Autobiography of a Yogi) c\u1ee7a Paramahansa Yogananda l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d V\u1ecb Guru n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn nghe. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n. Jobs \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u201cenlightenment\u201d (khai s\u00e1ng, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9) b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean, m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1ed1c, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ed1c \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/em> (intuition), v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n xa so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, theo t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy l\u00fd tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc n\u00f3. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i sau b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed (mind) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t an th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 d\u1ecbu r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra gh\u00ea g\u1edbm trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Zen (thi\u1ec1n) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n Eihei-ji, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i n\u00ean \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd. T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i chu du th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y, th\u00ec th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f5. (W. Isaacson,\u00a0Steve Jobs<\/em>, 48-49)<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ed c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u00ean Steve Jobs. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eady s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu Newton t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn xa l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean vai nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Steve Jobs c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Cupertino, Santa Clara County, California, 1982<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Steve Jobs thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Hippies nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, 70. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 John Lennon (1940\u20131980) di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: \u201cThanh ni\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd, b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd<\/em>.\u201d H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t LSD g\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u2018huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u2019. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c\u201d nh\u01b0 Einstein n\u00f3i. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00e1nh ch\u1edbp tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i sau nh\u1eefng tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi. Henry Thoreau c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u201cTri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng chi ti\u1ebft, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tia ch\u1edbp t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi.\u201d W. A. Mozart c\u0169ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c: N\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c) c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y n\u00f3.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n, hay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. Thi\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng minh tri\u1ebft, tinh t\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. N\u0103m 2011 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Google m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t, Steve Jobs chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1eadu s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u1edf \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi ch\u00e2n kia \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan (Zusammenh\u00e4nge), v\u00e0 l\u00e8o l\u00e1i \u00f4ng, su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t message<\/em>. \u00d4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Yogi.\u00a0<\/em>Qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p x\u00e1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/em> m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8: H\u00e3y r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c<\/em> b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung, m\u00e0i d\u0169a tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y vision v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em> l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o iPad2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 che l\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, hay gi\u00fap \u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0ng\u201d \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong \u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i v\u1ecf ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t che, nh\u01b0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Jack Kornfield.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i Jobs v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thanh ni\u00ean hippies \u1edf v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh San Francisco \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. Ba th\u1ee9, LSD, thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n Jobs. \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a LSD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3\u201d Steve Jobs n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LSD l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong hai ho\u1eb7c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d\u00a0S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LSD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i,” Jobs n\u00f3i. “LSD cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng xu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb n\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng – t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi thay v\u00ec ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ” nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch Walter Isaason v\u1ec1 Steve Jobs.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, thi\u1ec1n th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m ch\u1ea5t men khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia l\u1eeda ch\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. Thi\u1ec1n gi\u00fap ta, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Yuval Harari n\u00f3i, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy lu\u1eadt trong m\u1edb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f2n h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. V\u00e2ng, n\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Geistesblitz<\/em>, tia ch\u1edbp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, sau nh\u1eefng l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea3 cho ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Andrew Wiles, trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00f3t h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Fermat, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1o quanh h\u1ed3. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac th\u01b0 gi\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ea7m l\u00e1i con thuy\u1ec1n thay \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Albert Einstein l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c trong kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed7ng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Poincar\u00e9 n\u00f3i, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, trong khi logic l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. Einstein c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri th\u1ee9c xung quanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay sao? B\u1ecfi v\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1ef1 do truy v\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(4)<\/span><\/p>\n

Steve Jobs l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt? Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, tuy g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hippies v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, thanh ni\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, 70 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 phong tr\u00e0o hippies \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, trong khi nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Frankfurt, Paris hay Tokyo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. V\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. IBM v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Lee de Forest chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn San Francisco t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1911, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c V\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Lockheed (1912), S\u00e2n bay Li\u00ean bang Moffett (1931), Tr\u1ea1m Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Onizuka (1960), v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/em> \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Th\u00eam nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua moonshot b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi Sputnik \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1957, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford n\u1eb1m ngay trung t\u00e2m. Nikita Khrushchev \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tham quan c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a IBM t\u1ea1i San Jose th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1959. Charles de Gaulle c\u0169ng th\u0103m khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1960, th\u0103m Palo Alto v\u00e0 tham quan tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Hewlett-Packard t\u1ea1i Khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Stanford, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bill Hewlett \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn. (Xem th\u00eam B\u00ed m\u1eadt Thung l\u0169ng Silicon\/<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201ci-\u0110\u1ebfn, i-Nh\u00ecn, i-Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Steve Jobs, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple. N\u0103m 1986, gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m NeXT, c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi sau khi Jobs r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Apple, Jobs th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1ng Sinh nh\u00e9, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5.\u201d M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i ph\u00f2ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng: \u201cSteve \u01a1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i\u201d. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9! (Ngu\u1ed3n: Doug Menuez, Fearless Genius<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn \u1edf v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh (San Francisco) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a JF Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cDo your own thing\u201d hay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cStart your own business\u201d, t\u1ee9c h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Thung l\u0169ng Silicon l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau, ai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1. Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t (2014):<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Thung l\u0169ng Silicon \u0111\u00f4i khi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Thung l\u0169ng Silicon ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Metcalfe \u2013 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Logo \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Apple computer do Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Ronald Wayne thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u0103m 1976, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Isaac Newton ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y t\u00e1o, v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i t\u00e1o l\u1ee7ng l\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a William Wordsworth, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o logo: \u201cNewton\u2026 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i du h\u00e0nh qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy\u201d (\u201cNewton\u2026 a mind forever voyaging through strange seas of thought\u201d), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u2018Apple Computer Co.\u2019 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ruy b\u0103ng trang tr\u00ed khung h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C<\/span>u\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 nhanh, trong kho\u1ea3ng ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, Stewart Brand v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn (mainframe), b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb vu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi tay h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trao cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. (Fred Turner)<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1p quang, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho nhau, t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd tr\u00ean M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (World Wide Web). B\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.\u00a0(Fred Turner)<\/p>\n

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V<\/span>\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/em> (counterculture) c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng vinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a\u201d b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng trang b\u00e1o Danh m\u1ee5c To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em> \u2013 The Whole Earth Catalog –\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Stewart Brand<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi – m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a Norbert Wiener v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Hewlett-Packard 9100A. “M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n – s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u00ecm c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai quan t\u00e2m\u201d nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft. Brand l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t hai t\u1eeb “c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n” v\u00e0 “m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, WELL; \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00f3.\u00a0Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Brand v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m Kevin Kelly, Howard Rheingold, Esther Dyson v\u00e0 John Perry Barlow, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Internet. N\u0103m 1993, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Wired <\/em>, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c .<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Stewart Brand, \u201cnh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, “nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t Thung l\u0169ng Silicon” c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng (87t) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n 1912 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Mirene t\u1ea1i San Francisco. \u201cT\u00f4i nh\u00ecn \u1edf \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd TED Chris Anderson n\u00f3i.\u00a0 (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a The New York Times<\/em>, 2026)<\/p>\n

Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Encyclop\u00e9die<\/em> c\u1ee7a Diderot cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hippies, hackers, hobbyists v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf-v\u1ec1-ngu\u1ed3n. Danh m\u1ee5c <\/em>l\u00e0 “internet tr\u01b0\u1edbc internet. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ctrang web in\u201d (John Markoff). Danh m\u1ee5c\u00a0<\/em>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 <\/em>Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thung l\u0169ng Silicon, theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Google \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhau<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Hai trang c\u1ee7a Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/em> Ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1968, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1.000 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u – nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2.5 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

John Markoff, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch What the Dormouse said<\/em>, trong d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> 50 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o Los Angeles<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a Google th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Brand \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201cTr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u201d m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Brand n\u00f3i, trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 “Diderot v\u00e0 Encylop\u00e9die v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Khai s\u00e1ng\u201d nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Theo \u00f4ng, \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.” V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 “b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh”. Brand v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/em> \u2013 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Woodstock, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1969 t\u1ea1i Bethel, New York, quy t\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u khai m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 Guru Swami Satchidananda, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: “V\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. … \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.”<\/p>\n

Trong Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Stanford n\u0103m 2005<\/em> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng – ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 15 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo d\u00f5i – Steve Jobs n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em>:<\/p>\n

“To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 danh m\u1ee5c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n kinh th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Google \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u00eca m\u1ec1m, 35 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Google xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (idealistic), v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.”<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u00eca sau s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Danh m\u1ee5c<\/em> c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: \u201cStay hungrig. Stay foolish<\/em>\u201d – H\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng khao kh\u00e1t. H\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1i kh\u1edd. D\u1ea1i kh\u1edd \u0111\u1eebng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Steve Jobs nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford – nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00fang theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hippies \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1971 c\u1ee7a Danh m\u1ee5c To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 “Stay hungrig. Stay foolish”.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Steve Jobs kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i hay m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ec1n gi\u00fap \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m tr\u00e1c vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Khi Steve Jobs qua \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1edd\u00a0The New York Times<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Twitter (Matt Galligan) v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n

“B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd.”\u00a0(“You touched an ugly world of technology and made it beautiful.”)<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1995 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed TIME c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng” (Welcome to Cyberspace), Stewart Brand, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: “Ch\u00fang ta n\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo phong tr\u00e0o Hippie t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 “, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

“H\u00e3y qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn, Woodstock, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c d\u00e0i. Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.”<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, 70, b\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 4.802 km vu\u00f4ng \u1edf B\u1eafc California, h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi hippies, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. Hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i anh ch\u1ecb trong d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn (Vannevar Bush)<\/a><\/em>\u00a013 Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, 2026<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Isaacson, Walter,\u00a0Steve Jobs<\/em>. Simon & Schuster, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Turner, Fred,\u00a0From Counterculture to Cyberculture<\/em>: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Markoff, John,\u00a0What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry<\/em>. Penguin Publishing Group, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

STEVE JOBS, THI\u1ec0N, TR\u1ef0C GI\u00c1C\u00a0 v\u00e0\u00a0 CU\u1ed8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG M\u00c1Y T\u00cdNH   Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   Stay hungry. Stay foolish \u2014 Steve Jobs   Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Steve Wozniak trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hippies   (1) Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y qua d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00f4n xao, v\u00e2ng d\u1eady s\u00f3ng, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Steve Jobs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16250"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16250"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16298,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16250\/revisions\/16298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}