{"id":16590,"date":"2026-07-23T12:23:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T05:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=16590"},"modified":"2026-07-23T12:46:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T05:46:53","slug":"gioi-thieu-sach-kinh-te-tu-nhan-viet-nam-tran-van-tho-va-dong-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/gioi-thieu-sach-kinh-te-tu-nhan-viet-nam-tran-van-tho-va-dong-su\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> (Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1)."},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ch<\/em><\/span> KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean:<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd \u2013 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan \u2013 \u0110\u1eadu Anh Tu\u1ea5n \u2013 V\u0169 Kim H\u1ea1nh <\/span><\/h2>\n

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Chung<\/em><\/strong> tay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <\/em><\/strong>KINH<\/em><\/strong> T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan, <\/span><\/strong>kinh t\u1ebf gia<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM ra \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho “d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh”. Trong cu\u1ed9c m\u01b0u sinh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i, hay ch\u1ec9 tham gia gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 “th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c”. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 “chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n” (Volkskrieg), kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Clausewitz, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 “kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n”, ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Adam Smith t\u1eeb hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Clausewitz \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Napoleon, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi vua quan h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ti\u00eau vong, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u1eaft khe \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mang t\u00ednh Adam Smith.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “c\u1edfi th\u00eam bao nhi\u00eau l\u1edbp tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c”, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai: S\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ed1n, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch intensive, n\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a” cho ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park Chung Hee ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (HCI, <\/strong>The Heavy and Chemical Industry), \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c “khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a” do nhu c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1973:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p N\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/em> m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/strong> (national scientization<\/em>). T\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang. . . N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u 10 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50% t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Descartes \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cho c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh scientia, <\/em>khoa h\u1ecdc, tri th\u1ee9c. Francis Bacon \u0111\u01b0a ra tri\u1ebft l\u00fd r\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft n\u00f3. <\/span>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, know how, expertise khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 d\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, mua b\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o “\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc” nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khoa h\u1ecdc trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 68-NQ\/TW c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Xin tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/span><\/div>\n
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Tuy nhi\u00ean, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u01b0a b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba; ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ea5p; n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u01b0a cao; t\u01b0 duy kinh doanh thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do: T\u01b0 duy, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u01b0a theo k\u1ecbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp; c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c; quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn; chi ph\u00ed kinh doanh c\u00f2n cao. (Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m:<\/span><\/div>\n
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H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u01a1 quan Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ban c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (GRI, Government-funded Research Institute), nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KIST) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KAIS), v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c GRI l\u1ea5y \u2018n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>\u2019 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan th\u00ec th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 quan Kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 kho\u1ea3ng 150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0). Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0nh, \u0111i kh\u1eafp chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0110\u00e0i Loan (h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng), th\u0103m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, cho t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0i Loan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u quan s\u00e1t nhau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau ngay trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9. C\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i: ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Hoa K\u1ef3 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: IBM), t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0i Loan tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdn th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (STAG) cho khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng <\/span>l\u0103n b\u00e1nh<\/span> tr\u00ean “\u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf”. Jensen Huang, CEO Nvidia, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng 5, 2023, t\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00e0i Loan, \u0111\u00e3 <\/span>nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb: “B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y”. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 t\u00e9 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 Huang n\u00f3i, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ef1c d\u1eady.<\/span><\/div>\n
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C\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong KINH T\u00ca T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a vai tr\u00f2 “l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc”. Xin xem ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf gia Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan tr\u00ean b\u00e1o M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <\/em>m\u1edbi ra h\u00f4m nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t am hi\u1ec3u b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan: C\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a 80% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2217 \u2217 \u2217<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fulbright v\u00e0 V\u0103n Lang:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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MU\u0323C LU\u0323C SA\u0301CH<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

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Ch<\/strong>\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn: <\/strong>D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan, \u0110\u1eadu Anh Tu\u1ea5n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Chung<\/em><\/strong> tay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <\/em><\/strong>KINH<\/em><\/strong> T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM –<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2026, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045. Tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68-NQ\/TW c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 198\/2025\/QH15 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (KVKTTN) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n. KVKTTN v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft bao n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong 50 n\u0103m ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1975 t\u1edbi nay, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a KVKTTN, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao kh\u00fac m\u1eafc. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIV, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2\u00a0khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Song b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m vui, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn:\u00a0v\u1eady <\/em>Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n <\/em>\u00a0th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi?*<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch\u00a0KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u2014 \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f9ng nhau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 KVKTTN\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n: \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 duy, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a KVKTTN v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i); \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t cho KTTN, c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 KVKTTN ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n KVKTTN c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m, n\u00e2ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp cao, hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2014 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh \u2014 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u2014 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m, quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, an ninh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng… Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 KVKTTN<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2014 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c), khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/em>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI), h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u00f4ng \u2014 l\u00e2m \u2014 ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p…, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung b\u00e0n v\u1ec1\u00a0doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (DNTN) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t<\/em>, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9 kinh doanh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 01\/2021\/N\u0110-CP.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 Kinh t\u1ebf T\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 4 ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 20 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 4 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u2014 doanh nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb sau 1975 t\u1edbi nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i 70 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 80, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gian nan c\u1ee7a l\u1ee9a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta sau ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a KVKTTN th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf khi \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 60, 50 ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 40, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trao l\u1ea1i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p KVKTTN. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2014 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u2014 ngo\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p KVKTTN Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. Danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9n t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n T\u1ed5ng quan s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh? M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

A. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ch<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eadu Anh Tu\u1ea5n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I. T\u01b0 duy l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/strong>m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ra sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay? B\u1ed1n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t soi chi\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u2014 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 “\u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn” c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba: Kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gian nan trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>\u00a0(V\u00f5 Ph\u00fac To\u00e0n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nam) kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh khai ph\u00f3ng t\u01b0 duy kinh doanh c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, t\u1eeb “Th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 lu\u1eadn” tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00ean phong nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1ch Th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edfi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n B\u1ec1n, cho th\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o ch\u00ed, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n: M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/em>\u00a0(\u0110inh \u0110\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0ng) l\u1ea7n theo n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn giai c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p, qua ho\u00e0i nghi tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u l\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u00a0(L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh) ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p sau 1975, qua b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 1986, \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIV ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf: g\u1ee1 n\u00fat th\u1eaft cho kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh<\/em>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Cung) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o “zic-zak” \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 “\u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn”, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m th\u00e1o b\u1ecf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a KTTN Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/strong>t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp “lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i” v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ba b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tham v\u1ea5n doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eafng nghe doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf<\/em>\u00a0(\u0110\u1eadu Anh Tu\u1ea5n) ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn l\u1eafng nghe doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 1999 \u2014 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n kinh doanh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n<\/em>\u00a0(Ho\u00e0ng T\u01b0 Giang) k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t cho kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf “35 ch\u1eef k\u00fd, 35 con d\u1ea5u” v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p con, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u2014 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>\u00a0(L\u00ea Minh Hoan) nh\u00ecn kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e1nh l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn startup c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng “doanh n\u00f4ng” m\u1edbi \u2014 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n III. KTTN trong hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf <\/strong>\u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: t\u1eeb n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf qua xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n \u2014 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1<\/em>\u00a0(Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Ng\u1ecdc Trai) ch\u1ec9 ra ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd “\u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ea1nh” c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1<\/em>\u00a0(H\u1ed3 T\u00fa B\u1ea3o) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c “th\u00f4ng minh ho\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh” \u2014 t\u1ee9c nh\u00fang ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u2014 nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/em>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Tr\u1ecdng) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long<\/em>\u00a0(Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng Tuy\u00ean) k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn “x\u00e9 r\u00e0o” \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110BSCL, minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n<\/em>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Lam) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n qua ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p th\u1eddi WTO \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ESG v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xanh trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean FTA th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 V\u0129nh Ho\u00e0n, Minh Ph\u00fa v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Quang Tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n IV. Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh <\/strong>m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ra qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi FDI, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh Go Global v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u2014 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0(Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd) \u0111\u01b0a ra khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh doanh v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1edd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c du nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o FDI.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>\u00a0(V\u0169 Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1 Anh) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2014 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng logic th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c \u2014 \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u00fd cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0(V\u00f5 Quang Hu\u1ec7) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh “Made in Germany” l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o R&D, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, g\u1ee3i m\u1edf r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f5i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf minh b\u1ea1ch, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/em>\u00a0(L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Anh) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n 660.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tri th\u1ee9c \u2014 kinh doanh m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng cho quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t \u2014 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 H\u1ed9 kinh doanh \u2014 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf<\/em>\u00a0(Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 6 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9 kinh doanh v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba tuy \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh g\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo t\u1eebng n\u1ea5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi FDI<\/em>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Hoa C\u01b0\u01a1ng) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c \u2014 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 35% n\u0103m 2019 xu\u1ed1ng 18% n\u0103m 2023 \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn FDI th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t m\u1edbi trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh Go Global c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0(V\u0169 Kim H\u1ea1nh) gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kinh doanh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng qua “chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00e9p” v\u1edbi R&D v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, v\u00e0 kinh doanh xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch tr\u00ean vai doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/em>\u00a0(L\u00ea Duy B\u00ecnh) l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 \u2014 t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba 100 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n V<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\u00a0v\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, doanh nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi trang \u2014 qua ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh? M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

I. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n <\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2025 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai con s\u1ed1 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi song song v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, tinh gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai con s\u1ed1, n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ngay c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong 4-5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi th\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2030. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hai con s\u1ed1 (1955-1973) cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (TFP) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng TFP kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ta th\u1eed kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong giai \u0111\u1ecdan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hai con s\u1ed1<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2025, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia thu nh\u1eadp cao trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 18 n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi 10%.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1953-1971.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u 1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0m \u00fd cho VN Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, TFP \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t (4.9\/8.8 t\u1ee9c 56%) trong t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o) ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 41% (2\/4.9) c\u1ee7a TFP, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ee9 ba, trong TFP, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 qui m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, phi ch\u00ednh qui sang l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh qui v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng TFP. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf t\u00f9y theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, khu v\u1ef1c phi ch\u00ednh qui \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o TFP nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n (\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0) v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau: doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea1ch ra t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai (R&D). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (SME) trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 SME ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v.v.. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh doanh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u1ea5y, SME l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh SME.<\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3, qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, trang b\u1ecb tri th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh qui \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di \u0111\u1ed9ng sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh qui c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.. , t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, k\u00e9o theo chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng sang c\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 sang khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh qui.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai con s\u1ed1 trong g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1955 \u0111\u1ebfn 1973.<\/p>\n

II. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, theo t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu trong v\u00f2ng 4-5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hai con s\u1ed1, trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2030.\u3000B\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng (1980-2032) m\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong GDP c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro trong ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m sang M\u1ef9.\u00a0 [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. V\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. Ri\u00eang nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn s\u1ebd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. V\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian kh\u00e1c, thay th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c SME \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.[4]<\/a> Hi\u1ec7n nay (2023), lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 82% t\u1ed5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tr\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 55% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n 74 v\u1ea1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 49 v\u1ea1n l\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 20 v\u1ea1n l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9 kinh doanh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00ec manh m\u00fan, nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (SME) v\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh, kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh qui m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong TFP nh\u01b0 Bi\u1ec3u 1 cho th\u1ea5y. R\u1ea5t m\u1eebng l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, manh m\u00fan c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ee5c n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 qui m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai (R&D) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (SME).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m SME, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 SME c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho SME c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 cho chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 SME.. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho SME nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tin h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng SME h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u00e0nh SME. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea n\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap SME ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh SME. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea5y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thu nh\u1eadp cao, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro cao m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y, qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, SME v\u1eabn \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 FDI, v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi SME. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xin vay ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u SME b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec SME ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho SME n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u00fap SME t\u0103ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n cao. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SME c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i cung \u00fang to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p FDI s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, SME Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 SME s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qui m\u00f4 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi FDI v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FDI trong c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

III. Tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng hay kh\u00f4ng, ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. T\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p (enterpreneurship).<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tru\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi v\u1eeba kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i tru\u1edbc m\u1eaft, c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, quy\u1ebft \u0111em t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ecb tru\u1eddng m\u1edbi, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1edbi. Tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00f3c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tru\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty: m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u01b0u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i (rent-seeking) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh (profit-seeking). M\u01b0u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf xin cho \u0111\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, qua \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong kinh doanh. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ecb tru\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh doanh trong kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do tham gia nh\u01b0ng giao d\u1ecbch, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea1nh tranh trong kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 do mua b\u00e1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, trung th\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Adam Smith, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia (The Wealth of Nations, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1776)<\/em>, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi, Adam Smith c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> (Theory of Moral Sentiments), <\/em>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1759, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, duy tr\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea1nh tranh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo Smith, m\u01b0u t\u00ecm l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i. Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh doanh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ebf c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u doaanh nghi\u1ec7p do \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n con ch\u00e1u m\u00ecnh k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 qua t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1eeba k\u1ebf.. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c con ch\u00e1u mu\u1ed1n thi th\u1ed1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u00e0 doanh n ghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c) k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Toyota, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4-t\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i gia t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 27\/1\/2023, tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u0103ng tin \u00f4ng Toyoda Akio tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m s\u1ebd th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Toyota. Tuy \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 13 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, m\u1edbi 66 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh giao ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao cho Sato Koji, 53 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb trong ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c Toyoda.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Toyoda Akio gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u00f4- t\u00f4 \u0111ang tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u00f4 -t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, v.v., c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 Toyoda Akio cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u201cl\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 r\u1ed3i\u201d, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Toyota. C\u00f4ng ty n\u1ea7y do Toyoda Kiichiro s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1937, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc con ch\u00e1u th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp thay nhau l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 khi trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Toyota ta th\u1ea5y d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hay ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Trong 30 n\u0103m qua, kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng Toyota v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Toyoda Akio v\u00e0 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Sato Koji, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u00e2y Toyoda Akio l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Toyota t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4\/2023, sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Waseda, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Toyota t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u0169a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c Toyoda tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4-t\u00f4 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3<\/em> 1955-1973 <\/em>(Tr\u1ea7n V. Th\u1ecd 2022), t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Toyoda Eiji (1913-2013), ch\u00e1u g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Toyota l\u00e0 ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Toyoda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Toyota t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t doanh \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd hay ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac l\u00e0m cho Toyota ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Lee, Keun (2025), The Korean Model of Development and Implications for Vietnam, paper submitted to ERIA on the Vietnam Project, March.<\/p>\n

Ohno K., D. T. Nguyen v\u00e0 T. H. Pham (2021), Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp 1990-2020, <\/em>\u00a0H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Q. H\u00f9ng, Tr\u1ea7n V. Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n X. Xanh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (2025), K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu 300 n\u0103m Adam Smith: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed3n vinh<\/em>, Phanbook ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (2022), Kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 1955-1973<\/em>, NXB \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Phanbook ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tran Van Tho (2023), Viet Nam’s Conditions for Sustained Growth to Become a High-Income Country: How to Escape from the Middle-Income Trap? Ch. 6 in Fukunari Kimura and Vietnam 2045 team, eds., Viet Nam 2045: Development Issues and Challenges, <\/em>Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Published in November 2023<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (2025), Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Kinh t\u1ebf Saigon Online,<\/em> 21\/12\/2025<\/p>\n

https:\/\/thesaigontimes.vn\/nhin-lai-con-duong-cong-nghiep-hoa-cua-viet-nam\/<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> V\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft, xem Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (2022).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh (comparative advantage) c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh t\u0129nh (static) l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic) l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai 5 hay 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho R&D, th\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, xem Tran Van Tho (2023), Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (2025).<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Xem data trong Ohno, Nguyen and Pham (2021) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong Tran Van Tho (2023).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Xem Bi\u1ec3u 2 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd (Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam) trong s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Lee (2025) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Xem Tr\u1ea7n V. Th\u1ecd (2022).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ch KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean: Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u1ecd \u2013 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan \u2013 \u0110\u1eadu Anh Tu\u1ea5n \u2013 V\u0169 Kim H\u1ea1nh   Chung tay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KINH T\u1ebe T\u01af NH\u00c2N VI\u1ec6T NAM \u2013 \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh. \u2014 Ph\u1ea1m Chi Lan, kinh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16590"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16618,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16590\/revisions\/16618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}