{"id":174,"date":"2017-07-03T10:33:43","date_gmt":"2017-07-03T10:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=174"},"modified":"2023-04-07T16:31:36","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T09:31:36","slug":"dien-van-gettysburg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dien-van-gettysburg\/","title":{"rendered":"Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg<\/i> c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln"},"content":{"rendered":"

DI\u1ec4N V\u0102N\u00a0<\/span>HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I\u00a0<\/span>GETTYSBURG <\/span><\/h1>\n

C\u1ee6A\u00a0<\/span>ABRAHAM LINCOLN <\/span><\/h1>\n

150 N\u0102M<\/span><\/h1>\n

(1863-2013)<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(27.2.2014)<\/h3>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt 19. 11. 2022<\/em><\/strong><\/span>.<\/span> Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, n\u0103m nay, b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Gettysburg<\/em> c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 159 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, 1863 – 2022. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 3.500 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Union (Li\u00ean bang) \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gettysburg, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n 272 ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ecdc trong v\u00f2ng 2 ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, so v\u1edbi b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi Edward Everett. N\u0103m nay, Christopher Oakley, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh Disney tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Lincoln \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean trong ngh\u0129a trang qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Oakley trong b\u00e1o The New York Times<\/em> ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng, s\u1edbm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng hoa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p to\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln h\u01a1n. M\u00e1u l\u1eeda ng\u1eb7p tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng 3D c\u1ee7a Christopher Oakley<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u (2017)<\/b><\/i><\/span>. B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2007 t\u1ea1i trang web Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n: https:\/\/www.diendan.org\/dich-thuat\/dien-van-gettysburg. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa. Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 150 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, 2013, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp m\u1edbi. NXX 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Abraham<\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln n\u0103m 1863 (Ngu\u1ed3n: Wiki)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp (2013)<\/b><\/i><\/span>. Ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2013 v\u1eeba qua b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u0129a trang qu\u1ed1c gia Gettysburg tr\u00f2n 150 n\u0103m (1863-2013). \u201cH\u00f4m nay, qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Di\u1ec5n V\u0103n Gettysburg c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 150. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong 278 ch\u1eef\u201d nh\u01b0 CNN vi\u1ebft. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2 ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Lincoln \u201cm\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n trong t\u1ef1 do\u201d, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean bang l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo c\u00e1c bang, b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: \u201cm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nam B\u1eafc (1861\u20131865), tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gettysburg thu\u1ed9c bang Pennsylvania v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1863 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u0129a trang di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1ee5t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda. \u201cLincoln \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Garry Wills vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 to\u00e1t l\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ghi trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n Jefferson, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh th\u1ea7n Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vung \u0111\u1eafp l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Lincoln hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ef1 leo thang t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u00f9 h\u1eadn (Hass) nh\u01b0 Clausewitz n\u00f3i, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t cao c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh hoang d\u00e3. Cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0n g\u1eafn, b\u0103ng b\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Lincoln kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u00e0o, b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o, Nam hay B\u1eafc, ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Hoa K\u1ef3. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chung l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi sau. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 sinh ra l\u00e0 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Jefferson v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o ra b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: \u201cCh\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/i>.\u201d Ch\u00ednh \u201cs\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i tim y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc bao l\u00e2u t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ef1 do c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0 Lincoln n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y n\u0103m 1858. Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1i sinh tinh th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. \u201cChi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5m lem, v\u00e0 v\u1ec7t b\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ee5i. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y gi\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch cho n\u00f3 tr\u1eafng l\u1ea1i, trong tinh th\u1ea7n, (n\u1ebfu) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u, c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Lincoln mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed u u\u1ea9n Gettysburg kia th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1i sinh l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do. \u00d4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ef1 do n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Lincoln. M\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Pericles 2.394 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 li\u00ean minh Peloponnesus do Sparta c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 27 n\u0103m. B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thucydides vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t r\u00f5: \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt l\u1eddi th\u00f4i. Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, Franklin D. Roosevelt n\u0103m 1933: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u201d. J.F. Kennedy n\u0103m 1961: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d Ronald Reagan n\u0103m 1981: \u201cCh\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u201d Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 Bill Clinton n\u0103m 1993: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.\u201d<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\"Image
\nTr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh Gettysburg n\u0103m 1863. (HISTORY.com)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 20.11.1863 tr\u00ean The New York Times<\/i> cho th\u1ea5y Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng hoan h\u00f4 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfng hoan h\u00f4 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\u201d. (Wiki)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/i><\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n:<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg<\/span><\/h1>\n

Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y 19.11.1863<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng cha ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n trong T\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng(1)<\/sup><\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb l\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch xem qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n phong \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a \u2013 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam hay b\u1edbt \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd, hay nh\u1edb l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1edf dang m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cao qu\u00fd. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u2013 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2013 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i \u2013 r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c sinh n\u1edf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do \u2013 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, 27\/11\/2007<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/em>:<\/p>\n

(1)<\/a>. Trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 (proposition), r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d. Lincoln vi\u1ebft \u2018m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1\u2019 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd\u2019 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ai h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb propostion n\u00e0y. Lincoln c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc cao. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Jefferson trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Ri\u00eang Lincoln r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Euclid v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd, m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1. Spinoza c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/i> (Ethic).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DI\u1ec4N V\u0102N\u00a0HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I\u00a0GETTYSBURG C\u1ee6A\u00a0ABRAHAM LINCOLN 150 N\u0102M (1863-2013) Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh (27.2.2014) C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt 19. 11. 2022. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, n\u0103m nay, b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Gettysburg c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 159 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, 1863 – 2022. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 3.500 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Union (Li\u00ean bang) \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gettysburg, gi\u1eefa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[24,23],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9385,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions\/9385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}