{"id":185,"date":"2017-07-04T15:23:20","date_gmt":"2017-07-04T15:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=185"},"modified":"2023-04-11T16:32:59","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T09:32:59","slug":"ngay-doc-lap-hoa-ky-nhin-tu-phia-khac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/ngay-doc-lap-hoa-ky-nhin-tu-phia-khac\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3 – nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c (Friedrick Douglass)"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

NG\u00c0Y \u0110\u1ed8C L\u1eacP HOA K\u1ef2<\/span><\/h1>\n

NH\u00ccN T\u1eea PH\u00cdA KH\u00c1C<\/span><\/h1>\n

Frederick Douglass<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eb7ng M.N.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 7, 1852, \u0111\u00fang 165 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Rochester, New York, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t t\u1eed: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho, b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d<\/i>, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, Frederick Douglass, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong s\u00e1ch s\u1eed M\u1ef9. Douglass \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0129a \u201cthanh s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. \u00d4ng sinh ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 khi m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, hay b\u1ecb t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Douglass, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 da \u0111en, ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 hoan h\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Douglas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lincoln ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (xem ti\u1ebfp s\u1eafp t\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

\"Frederick<\/p>\n

Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)<\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Douglass:<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, xin l\u1ed7i, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u00f4m nay? T\u00f4i, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb? Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n trong B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i? V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0n th\u1edd qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ban cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i? [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m vinh quang n\u00e0y! N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u00f4m nay vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb chung. Di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, t\u1ef1 do, ph\u1ed3n vinh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho t\u00f4i. \u00c1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho t\u00f4i. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui m\u1eebng, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i than kh\u00f3c. K\u00e9o l\u00ea m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb xi\u1ebfng x\u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi anh ta h\u00e3y tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ec9a mai b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, trong ni\u1ec1m vui qu\u1ed1c gia huy\u00ean n\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, t\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng than kh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi! m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u00f4m qua, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng reo h\u00f2 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m vang \u0111\u1ebfn tai h\u1ecd. [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 M\u1ef9<\/i>. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u2026, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111en t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y n\u00e0y! \u2026 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 sai trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, sai trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch long tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 sai trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n danh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, nh\u00e2n danh t\u1ef1 do \u0111ang b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n danh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Kinh th\u00e1nh \u0111ang b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p, t\u00f4i d\u00e1m nghi ng\u1edd, d\u00e1m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho y, h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c trong n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c m\u00e0 y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y, ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5; s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoe khoang, s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb; nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh bu\u1ed5i \u0103n m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m; s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa; s\u1ef1 h\u00f2 h\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng; nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady t\u1ed9i \u00e1c l\u00e0m h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb hoang d\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb hoang d\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed g\u00e2y c\u0103m ph\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u00e1u me h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ee7ng Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"Abraham<\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln (1809 \u20131865)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn n\u0103m sau, 1861, Abraham Lincoln kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang 1863, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c bang ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u00f4ng k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.\u00a0\u201c\u2018T\u1ef1 do cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2019 \u2013 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ebd d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 – \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng<\/em> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 – v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, \u0111em l\u1ea1i kinh doanh<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3; […] n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u<\/em>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/em>, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7\u201d, nh\u01b0 Abraham Lincoln h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n vi\u1ebft. \u201cH\u1ee7y b\u1ecf Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p Missouri \u2013 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p \u2013 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m; t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim anh ta, anh ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i.\u201d \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f4i tin ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, khi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i, ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/em>, ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda t\u1ef1 do<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 11, 1863, t\u1ea1i kh\u00fac quanh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Gettysburg<\/a><\/em>: \u201cT\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng cha ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n trong T\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.\u201d(1) Th\u00e1ng t\u01b0, 1865, tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed, Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai:<\/p>\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng \u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ai, thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m, b\u0103ng b\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, cho g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20, Douglass c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en: W.E.B. DuBois, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, n\u1ea1n k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t. DuBois l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein v\u00e0 Einstein t\u1eebng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u00f4 l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. Einstein c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: The Negro Question. <\/i>(2) DuBois b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong khi th\u0103m Ghana, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac 95 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Martin Luther King Jr. ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u 12 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4, n\u0103m 1968. K\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u201cc\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng\u201d, Einstein n\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh th\u00e2m ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 7, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/em>:<\/p>\n

(1).\u00a0Xem Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i<\/em>:\u00a0https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dien-van-gettysburg\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(2). Xem\u00a0Albert Einstein \u2013 M\u1eb7t Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM, 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  NG\u00c0Y \u0110\u1ed8C L\u1eacP HOA K\u1ef2 NH\u00ccN T\u1eea PH\u00cdA KH\u00c1C Frederick Douglass Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y T\u1eb7ng M.N.   Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 7, 1852, \u0111\u00fang 165 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Rochester, New York, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t t\u1eed: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[26,25],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=185"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9423,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185\/revisions\/9423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}