{"id":1873,"date":"2018-11-30T22:19:03","date_gmt":"2018-11-30T15:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=1873"},"modified":"2021-06-08T16:15:15","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T09:15:15","slug":"sach-einstein-thuyet-tuong-doi-hep-va-rong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/sach-einstein-thuyet-tuong-doi-hep-va-rong\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e1ch Einstein, Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/i> (2018)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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S\u00c1CH EINSTEIN \u2212THUY\u1ebeT T\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ed0I H\u1eb8P V\u00c0 R\u1ed8NG <\/span>
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(Vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/em>)<\/span><\/h2>\n

(Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em> 2018)<\/span><\/h1>\n

In l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (2014-2018)<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a<\/em> Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung, Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein, t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc thang m\u1edbi. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5: b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m xa v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf kh\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

HERMANN WEYL<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a Qu\u00fd B\u00e0, Qu\u00fd \u00d4ng,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00fd do t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH) l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Einstein l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay, To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111an k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng th\u1eaft n\u00fat c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Ghetto c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

FRIEDRICH D\u00dcRRENMATT<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch Th\u1ee5y S\u0129<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn<\/i>,<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Einstein<\/i>, Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/i> v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/i> t\u1ea1i Nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2018 n\u00e0y. N\u0103m n\u0103m, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m ra m\u1eaft l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, 2014, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, tuy r\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, con s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. V\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/i>, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sang trang. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi m\u1edf ra cho v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Bernard Shaw c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00f4n vinh d\u00ed d\u1ecfm sau \u0111\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng Einstein t\u1ea1i Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n n\u0103m 1930:<\/p>\n

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Napoleon v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00edp n\u00e0y: h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026 Ptolemy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 1.500 n\u0103m. Newton, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 300 n\u0103m. C\u00f2n Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Paul Dirac, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Anh, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1933, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00ean \u00f4ng khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean:<\/p>\n

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T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 (thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee1 tung l\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/i>[\u2026] M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i. <\/i>[\u2026] T\u00f4i b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Newton. <\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1m \u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc xa g\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecdc Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/i>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n EINSTEIN tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh, nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, cho c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1eddng STEM chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1edbi cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, hay t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi. S\u00e1ch hay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t DNA th\u1ee9 hai ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/i> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc, khai s\u00e1ng, vun x\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch <\/i>c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch khai ph\u00f3ng theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00e0o Friedrich D\u00fcrrenmatt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean (Xin xem th\u00eam T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng?<\/i><\/a>). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o<\/i> tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch khai minh th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp thu khai minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/i>, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 xung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch hay t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi t\u1eebng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\HP\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCacheContent.Word\\Bia<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Einstein, Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e3 \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch cho Einstein: Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung, Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n <\/b>m\u00e0 <\/b>ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u00e1m \u01a1n:<\/p>\n

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Kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay \u1edf Ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbp 12 v\u00e0 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00e0nh cho thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e3n n\u1edf (c\u00e0ng bay nhanh c\u00e0ng tr\u1ebb l\u00e2u) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 E= mc2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0y gi\u00e1o Trung h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cong u\u1ed1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng <\/i>v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n” c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea0M XU\u00c2N Y\u00caM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u CNRS<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris 6, Ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u2055\u2055\u2055<\/p>\n

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H\u00f4m nay s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc li\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp. “S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edd” <\/i>l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f3t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp” nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta. \u0110\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111au n\u1ed7i \u0111au nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t: M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 chung tay \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3!<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp anh vi\u1ebft cho “Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng – Albert Einstein” – t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f4i th\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. Anh vi\u1ebft hay qu\u00e1, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. Song anh \u0111ang th\u00f4i th\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua “c\u00e1i tr\u1ec5 tr\u0103m n\u0103m” – \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. C\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch: Anh n\u00ean cho \u0111\u0103ng to\u00e0n v\u0103n ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi trang m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00f4i tha thi\u1ebft mong anh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, anh \u1ea1. Ch\u00e0o anh. Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

NGUY\u1ec4N TRUNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean tr\u1ee3 l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u2055\u2055\u2055<\/p>\n

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D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00e1y n\u00e1y v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng \u2013 <\/i>m\u1ed9t \u201cdi s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng d\u00e2n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edd tr\u0103m n\u0103m\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00ednh n\u1ea9y sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi (simultaneity), th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh l\u1ea1i than l\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

\u201cGi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7m tr\u00ean tay t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edd\u2019 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f3t 100 n\u0103m. Sau m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u2018tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n\u2019 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m, hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u2018s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp\u2019 \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thua k\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, gene di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ai. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta thua k\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qu\u00e1 xa v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 xa v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh! <\/i><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh mu\u1ed1n lay \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta. \u00d4ng k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 15 tu\u1ed5i Werner Heisenberg. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Heisenberg kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Einstein, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c c\u1eadu, m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00e0m cho c\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Einstein m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec1 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc g\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u? <\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y nh\u00e9, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y gi\u1edf cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Einstein ra, \u201cThuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng\u201d, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ngay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201c\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u201d. [v\u00e2n v\u00e2n]<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Einstein, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau to\u00e1n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n qua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea0M VI\u1ec6T H\u01afNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u2055\u2055\u2055<\/p>\n

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Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian\u2026 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m khi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian cong. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian cong? Kh\u00f4ng gian cong th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

Einstein d\u00e0nh ngay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00ec r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc Einstein t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (m\u00e0 trong l\u00f2ng th\u00ec b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ngu\u00f4i\u2026 Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Einstein?).<\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau, Einstein l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Riemann \u1edf ph\u1ea7n hai. Ch\u00ednh Riemann c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng Riemann \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1866 – 15 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Michelson v\u00e0 Morley th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Hilbert thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111i sau Riemann c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd. B\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Hilbert, Minkowski v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian\u2026 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, khi ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu Minskowski s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ra sao.<\/p>\n

Einstein vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1edbt hay th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng nghi v\u1ea5n. V\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1eeba tinh t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8. \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong V\u1eadt l\u00fd\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u2026 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Einstein \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 g\u00ec. Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ra – 1916 – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hubble v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn 10 n\u0103m sau. Nh\u01b0ng ta h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Einstein. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u1ea5n c\u1ea5n v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi cung c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u01a1i kh\u01a1i. H\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y Einstein b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean suy di\u1ec5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1905, c\u00e1i n\u0103m \u201cTh\u1ea7n k\u1ef3” – l\u00fac \u1ea5y Einstein \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian Minkowski. \u00d4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 Einstein l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua – nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i kh\u00e1c – v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng Einstein kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u00ea \u201ckh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian\u201d \u2026. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gian\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u201d trong ch\u00fang ta. Einstein b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gai g\u00f3c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nhen nh\u00fam cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc suy ngh\u0129. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Einstein mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u201cth\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 g\u00ec.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m sau s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n bao nhi\u00eau, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o sao Thu\u1ef7, hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lan to\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, Einstein d\u00f9ng ngay l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf: v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00ednh Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Einstein vi\u1ebft \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i\u201d cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. L\u00fac vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Einstein h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, 37 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Einstein d\u1ea1y cho t\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef “cao si\u00eau kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u\u201d \u2026 Einstein ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Einstein r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ngay c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u01b0 Feynman, nh\u01b0 Weinberg\u2026 trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc Einstein: tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc Einstein th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Einstein, \u201cN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t” c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Einstein. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n n\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n? H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc Einstein. <\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u201ccu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u1eccNG HI\u1ec0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd, JPL\/Caltech<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  S\u00c1CH EINSTEIN \u2212THUY\u1ebeT T\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ed0I H\u1eb8P V\u00c0 R\u1ed8NG (Vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang) (Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 2018) In l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (2014-2018) V\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung, Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein, t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1873"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1873"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6222,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1873\/revisions\/6222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}