\n<\/span><\/h1>\n
V\u00e0i ghi ch\u00e9p<\/i><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span> Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a l\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, \u00e2n hu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng anh ta th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho anh ta n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1eddi ph\u00fa, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n Giorgio Vasari<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Leonardo da Vinci<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), t\u1ef1-h\u1ecda, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1510 \u0111\u1ebfn 1515<\/p>\n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Leonardo \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Florence<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 5 v\u1eeba qua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 500 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u00dd n\u01a1i \u00f4ng sinh, v\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u0103m 2019 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u0103m Leonardo\u201d. \u00d4ng sinh ng\u00e0y 15\/4\/ 1452 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vinci v\u00f9ng Tuscany, \u00dd, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 2\/5\/1519 t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2teau d’Amboise, Ph\u00e1p. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u0103m 1516, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Leonardo 64 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vua Francis I c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u1eddi \u00f4ng sang Ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cH\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Vua\u201d. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, Leonardo ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh Medici kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vua Francis I l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p, n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi, v\u00e0 mang theo c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Mona Lisa<\/i>, The Virgin<\/i> and Child with St. Anna<\/i>, v\u00e0 St. John the <\/i>Baptist<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Francis I th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, tri th\u1ee9c \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00ec \u1edf \u00f4ng. Francis I c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa, mu\u1ed1n du nh\u1eadp Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng Leonardo ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba n\u0103m th\u00ec m\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n St. Hubert c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2teau d’Amboise.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Francis \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Leonardo k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n Vua Francis, say m\u00ea cao \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Leonardo, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng nghe danh h\u1ecda thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi Leonardo v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u2026 Francis n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 Leonardo, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Francis v\u00e0 Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u1ebb nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh Leonardo tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a Francis, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n Tranh c\u1ee7a Ingres, 1818<\/p>\n \u2055\u2055\u2055<\/p>\n Leonardo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129, nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, tri\u1ebft gia. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Leonardo l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng to l\u1edbn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Walter Isaacson vi\u1ebft: \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 quan v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u201d \u00d3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, m\u1edf l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ph\u00e1t minh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Isaacson \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Leonardo (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 33).<\/p>\n C\u00f3 l\u1ebd hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Goethe sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Leonardo:<\/p>\n Willst du ins Unendliche schreiten,<\/i><\/p>\n Geh nur im Endlichen nach allen Seiten.<\/i><\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n,<\/i><\/p>\n H\u00e3y \u0111i trong h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/i><\/p>\n Leonardo \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m, ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ea1i \u00dd th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cao, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e9o tay, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Leonardo. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c 7 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i studio c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 Andrea del Verrocchio. \u00d4ng t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft quanh qu\u1ea9n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Theo \u00f4ng, tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u201ctrong c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1eed v\u1eadt\u201d. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Leonardo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong tr\u01b0\u1edbc Francis Bacon (1561-1626), nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 Galilei (1564-1642) ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. Tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Leonardo \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh: h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u00fang ph\u00e1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Leonardo l\u00e0 m\u1ea9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, 18 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn Thung l\u0169ng Silicon.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu H\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, hay L\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u2013 Disruption<\/em>\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Thung L\u0169ng Silicon, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169, th\u00ec Leonardo da Vinci l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng “l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5” th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thung L\u0169ng Silicon m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m (Der Spiegel). \u00d4ng l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk v\u00e0 Larry Page k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Leonardo (Spiegel).<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng Leonardo: Steve Jobs. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Leonardo, Jobs ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (thinker) v\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m (doer), hai th\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng. Leonardo c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t anh ch\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng? Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebb, hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd ch\u0103ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Leonardo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n (artist) \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng h\u00f2a l\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 gi\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u2013 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n Steve Jobs<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Steve Jobs c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3: l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7), ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean Jobs th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Leonardo. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Leonardo v\u00e0 Jobs c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n chay tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eefa \u0103n t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 Jobs m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Laurene Powell di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u2212 T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng chay!<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Leonardo l\u00e0 Bill Gates. N\u0103m 1994, Gates \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 30 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Leonardo c\u00f3 t\u00ean Codex Leicester<\/em>, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n 72 trang, vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1506-1510, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Leonardo. Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 minh h\u1ecda ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Gates n\u00f3i, Leonardo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, v\u00e0 Codex Leicester l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y qua tim th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Gates vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean blog m\u00ecnh: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Leonardo v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh tr\u1ed9i b\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2<\/em> v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/em>\u201d. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Leonardo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t\u201d ng\u00e0y nay. \u201cNgay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Wikipedia v\u00e0 video YouTube kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n, gi\u00fap th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ec9a mai l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 500 n\u0103m\u201d, Bill Gates vi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Leonardo, Codex Leicester<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (t\u1eeb 2018 \u0111\u1ebfn 20, th\u00e1ng 1, 2019) cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n Bill Gates<\/p>\n Sergey Brin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Google, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Leonardo, m\u00f4t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Richard Feynman (1918-1988), nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed M\u1ef9, gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1965 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (QED). Brin nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t memoirs c\u1ee7a Feynman (“Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman!”), \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt theo c\u00e1ch Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. \u201cT\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Leonardo l\u00e0m sao, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d, Brin vi\u1ebft. \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.\u201d Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Feynman c\u00f3 v\u1ebd v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c tranh, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n Thung l\u0169ng Silicon th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ng\u00fat ng\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thung l\u0169ng Leonardo<\/em>, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Leonardo.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tem \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n \u2055\u2055\u2055<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi ca. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a nhau l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i. Leonardo da Vinci, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Michelangelo 20 n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng, hay Galilei sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng: t\u00e0i n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cao. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (Jacob Burckhardt). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Medici c\u1ee7a Florence l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lung lay. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t, tuy kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y (Stillman Drake). Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u0103ng hoa trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 v\u00e0 16 kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng? Leonardo da Vinci c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, r\u1ecdi th\u00eam \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00ean sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n Ai coi khinh h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cho tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (khoa h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n coi khinh h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd coi khinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u1ecf v\u00e0 hoa, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u1edfi h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. (xem Kenneth R. Bartlett)<\/p>\n Leonardo n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Jacob Bronowski trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Leonardo da Vinci n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 con m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 (painter) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung chung, m\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng (nh\u01b0) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa, hay m\u1ed9t su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Leonardo do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc: \u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft khoa h\u1ecdc thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft chi li c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Leonardo l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3\u201d (trong Plumb). Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: con m\u1eaft quan s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u1eabn khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u1ea3 hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Paris n\u0103m 1867, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 quan, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea5n \u00e1t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. H\u1ecd “sao l\u1ea1i” ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, pha l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1ecb m\u00e9o m\u00f3. \u00d3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh qua chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Iwakura<\/em> trong hai n\u0103m 1871-73 c\u1ee7a 50 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb \u0111i th\u0103m 20 qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t sau \u0111\u00f3 (Xem m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch s\u1eafp t\u1edbi). C\u00e1i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00f3c quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n C\u01a1n m\u01b0a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u<\/em> (Shin-\u014chashi v\u00e0 Atake) (1857), tranh kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a danh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n \u00a0Utagawa (And\u014d) Hiroshige\u00a0(1797-1858), v\u1edbi\u00a0nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p>\n v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c\u00a0Vincent\u00a0van Gogh<\/p>\n m\u00ea nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i \u00f4ng v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u01a1n m\u01b0a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u,<\/em> tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, c\u1ee7a van Gogh (1887) sao l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Hiroshige<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u00e0i b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Leonardo:<\/p>\n Mona Lisa c\u1ee7a Leonardo, b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd n\u00f3 n\u0103m 1503, v\u00e0 mang theo qua Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 16 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n Mona Lisa b\u1ea3n sao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Prado \u1edf Madrid, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2012. B\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Leonardo l\u00fac \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao. (Xem Walter Isaacson)<\/p>\n Madonna trong hang \u0111\u00e1. Leonardo di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n The Vitruvian Man<\/i> (Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Vitruvius) c\u1ee7a Leonardo 1485, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, sinh n\u0103m 80 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Caesar, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1o. Vitruvius tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho Leonardo c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0i h\u1ecda s\u0129 kh\u00e1c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Isaacson vi\u1ebft: \u201cVitruvian Man<\/i> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 phi th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111ang vinh danh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u duy l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (individuals). B\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Leonardo, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i t\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.\u201d (Isaacson, tr.157)<\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/Picture-6-r\u1ed7ng-b\u00ean-trong.png?resize=76%2C76&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"C:\\Users\\HP\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCacheContent.Word\\Leonardo](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/C3A5CUsers5CHP5CAppData5CLocal5CMicrosoft5CWindows5CINetCacheContent.Word5CLeonardo20self-portrait.jpg.jpeg?resize=374%2C597&ssl=1\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Leonardo-in-Florence-2.jpg?resize=424%2C565&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Leonardo-mat-trong-tay-Francis.jpg?resize=511%2C400&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"Image](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Image20result20for20steve20jobs.png?resize=411%2C378&ssl=1\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Bill-Gates.jpg?resize=489%2C275&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Codex-Leicester.jpg?resize=771%2C429&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Hiroshige_Mua-tren-cau.jpg?resize=422%2C660&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Rain-on-the-bridge_Hiroshige.jpg?resize=464%2C628&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Mona-Lisa.jpg?resize=388%2C580&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n![\"See](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/See20adjacent20text..jpeg?resize=386%2C502&ssl=1\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"\u00a0\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/C2A0.jpeg?resize=373%2C592&ssl=1\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"C:\\Users\\HP\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCacheContent.Word\\The](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/C3A5CUsers5CHP5CAppData5CLocal5CMicrosoft5CWindows5CINetCacheContent.Word5CThe20Vitruvian20Man.jpg.jpeg?resize=484%2C688&ssl=1\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Leonardo_da_Vinci_Salvator_Mundi_c.1500.jpg?ssl=1\")
<\/a><\/p>\n