{"id":3225,"date":"2019-11-24T20:43:22","date_gmt":"2019-11-24T13:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=3225"},"modified":"2023-06-29T20:07:53","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T13:07:53","slug":"suc-y-cua-y-thuc-khoa-hoc-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/suc-y-cua-y-thuc-khoa-hoc-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee9c \u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

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S\u1ee8C \u1ef2 C\u1ee6A \u00dd TH\u1ee8C KHOA H\u1eccC VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea Ti\u1ebfn & Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y tho\u00e1t thai t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch Nh\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 tinh ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 (sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung). \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i<\/em>: T\u1ea1i sao Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e0n anh uy\u00ean b\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh hay ngay c\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xem khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m m\u1ea5y trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c? \u0110a s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang hai \u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00ec sao t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay trong to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3\u201d, trong khi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i \u0111ang g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u00f3? C.P. Snow n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1edf to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y: v\u0103n minh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n (v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, lich s\u1eed vv). Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf VN ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng \u0111\u00f3. Khoa h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 to be or not to be \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1934, t\u1ee9c 85 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VN) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 l\u1eafm, mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0o VN v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef phong ph\u00fa. Hay l\u1eafm! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc VN trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (TQ) c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a TQ\u201d. Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n ra sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i 1911 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean. Sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nha phi\u1ebfn (1842) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u2013 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt-Thanh 1894-1895 \u2013 TQ r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tan r\u00e3. N\u0103m 1905, TQ m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecf thi c\u1eed theo n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. C\u01a1n t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ea5y t\u1eeb: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u0111ang m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00e2m s\u00e2u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u. H\u1ecd tung h\u00f4 Einstein sau khi \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cao ng\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u0103m 1919. H\u1ecd d\u1ecbch ngay s\u00e1ch Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Einstein vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd xem Einstein l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf VN d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi nh\u01b0 “gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”. L\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Quy\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1917, v\u00e0 khi Einstein n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3n n\u0103m 1919 khi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Anh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt (1921) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hoa (1922), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2014, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n ng\u00f3t tr\u0103m n\u0103m<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t? V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean “Cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edd tr\u0103m n\u0103m”. Kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c VN ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c duy t\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1855, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m T\u00e2n Gia Ba, t\u1ee9c Singapore. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i di\u1ec5n ra h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Minh Tr\u1ecb \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (1868). V\u1eady m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

T\u00e2n Gia t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1ee3t con t\u1ea7u,
\nM\u1edbi hay v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u bao la.
\nGi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh khi \u1edf x\u00f3 nh\u00e0,
\nV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a kh\u00e9o l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.
\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111i kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi,
\nV\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1n s\u00e1ch u\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m trai.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nho gi\u00e1o l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1eady m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc… Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb xa l\u1ea1. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 then ch\u1ed1t, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111i qua, VN ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng VN v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00edch nghi nh\u01b0 quy lu\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n, trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb 150 n\u0103m qua. Th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eeba th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt t\u1eebng l\u00e0m. “Tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng”, “t\u00ednh h\u00e1m l\u1ee3i v\u1ecb k\u1ef7”, “t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, an ph\u1eadn th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng”, “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9”, “thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho qu\u1ed1c gia”, “th\u1eeba d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng”, “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh”, “m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan”, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y che kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 khoa h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf: n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00f4, s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb common sense h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n-tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e2m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do VN v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u201cloay hoay trong c\u00e1i b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c “th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh” \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y, m\u1edbi mong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. Cho r\u1eb1ng VN s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “con c\u1ecdp ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh (1892-1945). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn cao th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1892, m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1945, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i v\u00ed \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 con chim \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a VN, kh\u00f3 ai b\u00ec k\u1ecbp. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <\/em>(1917-1934), ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa VN l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi v\u0103n t\u1eadp<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong Nam Phong<\/em> do t\u1ef1 tay \u00f4ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943.\u00a0Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan vi\u1ebft trong Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>: \u201cPh\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, t\u1eeb th\u01a1 v\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em b\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y”. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i \u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Descartes v\u00e0 Marcelin Berthelot (1827-1907), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4i m\u1eebng. T\u00e9 ra \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9, t\u00f4i m\u1eebng th\u1ea7m. V\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Berthelot d\u00e0i 24 trang \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi Pasteur. Ngay c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: “Khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n t\u1edbi, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i h\u1eb3n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u.” \u0110\u00fang qu\u00e1! Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111ang l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Albert Einstein ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Einstein v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n Einstein 13 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Einstein 10 n\u0103m. Einstein t\u1eebng qua Paris di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Coll\u00e8ge de France ng\u00e0y 31.03.1922 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p-\u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebb n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh. Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian<\/em> v\u1edbi Henri Bergson, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda gi\u1eef kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Newton m\u00e0 Bergson \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein. C\u0169ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111i Ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Marseille (th\u00e1ng 11 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba; Vua Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m n\u00e0y; so s\u00e1nh: Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Tokugawa Akitake Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tham gia h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Paris n\u0103m 1867, t\u1ee9c 55 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) r\u1ed3i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf Ban Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ban Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian Einstein v\u1eeba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u0103m 1919. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh 30 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t am hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u1edf Paris ba th\u00e1ng. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh th\u1eeba s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a, hay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang “bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i” s\u00e2u xa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi v\u0103n t\u1eadp<\/em> n\u00f3i tr\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.100 trang, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 lan t\u1ecfa sang c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 TQ.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Newton, Galilei, Kepler d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xong trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1776-1914 bao g\u1ed3m cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n 1<\/em> \u1edf Anh t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n 2<\/em> di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 1870-1914. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh xong cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ngo\u00e0i-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 Nga ho\u00e0ng.Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Paris n\u0103m 1867, t\u1ee9c n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Shibusawa Eiichi, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y. (Xem Shibusawa Eiichi: Doanh Nh\u00e2n L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/em>)<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Nam phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> n\u0103m 1934 (wikipedia)<\/p>\n

B\u00eca m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ghi \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00e0 trong Wikipedia c\u00f3 ghi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh: \u201cKh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00c2u T\u00e2y\u201d. Trong b\u00e0i Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Phong c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y 19\/07\/2017 c\u00f3 ghi \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y: “V\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh\/ ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Laubeuf, b\u00e0i T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc-\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <\/em>(Nguy\u1ec5n Tri\u1ec7u Lu\u1eadt d\u1ecbch), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 M\u1ea5y l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p v\u1ec7 sinh<\/em> (Phan Kh\u00f4i d\u1ecbch), B\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, C\u00e1i h\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/em> c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Nh\u00e2n\u2026” \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc qua lan h\u1ecdc<\/em> khoa h\u1ecdc, Newton, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang, y h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda Minh Tr\u1ecb. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2, v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ch\u00ednh y khoa \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y so v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a TQ, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 1868. (Xem T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?<\/em><\/a>) Gi\u1edbi khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Fukuzawa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, tuy h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u01b0 ng\u0169 kinh, B\u1eafc s\u1eed c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi nho h\u1ecdc VN.<\/p>\n

Trong danh s\u00e1ch 13 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Nam phong<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong wikipedia, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 L\u00e2m T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1c, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 H\u1ecdc, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Tr\u00e1c, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed1, T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng H\u00e0m, Nam Tr\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e2y b\u00fat khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 tr\u00edch ra h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u00e1o Nam phong, \u0111\u1ec3 xem tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Nam phong v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi v\u0103n t\u1eadp <\/em>m\u00e0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. Trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh do nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Paris c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi v\u0103n t\u1eadp<\/em> d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 44 trang, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ecf ra \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd xung quanh hai \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi \u201ctinh hoa\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Xin tr\u00edch:<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0i l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. K\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng ch\u1eeda h\u1ebft. Nay h\u1eb5ng xin d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec cho ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y b\u1eefa s\u1eafp d\u1eddi Paris<\/em>, c\u00e1c anh em v\u1ec1 Marseille c\u1ea3, c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd, \u0111\u00eam khuya ng\u1ed3i bu\u1ed3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0y ra pha n\u01b0\u1edbc, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0, b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, c\u00e1i th\u00f3i quen c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf d\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng s\u1ed1t ru\u1ed9t. Ch\u1ee3t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb9n m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nhau: \u201cL\u1ea1 qu\u00e1! Ch\u00fang m\u00ecnh sang \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0, sao m\u00e0 n\u00f3 xa l\u1eafc xa l\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m quan h\u1ec7, ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, sao m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nhen qu\u00e1 th\u1ebf! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n tr\u00ec tr\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tranh \u0103n, tranh n\u00f3i, tranh \u0111\u1ee9ng, tranh ng\u1ed3i, tranh v\u1ecb, tranh l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1i mi\u1ebfng h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n, d\u1eabu h\u01a1n nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 kho\u00e1i t\u1ef1 cao? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt: \u1ede Paris<\/em> n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u00f3c m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ra, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n l\u00ean; c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1eeda d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc!\u201d \u2013 N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y hai anh em \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i quen bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5ng y\u00eau \u00e2n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi: \u201cChuy\u1ebfn \u0111i T\u00e2y v\u1ec1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?\u201d \u2013 \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9i tinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1edb g\u00ec!\u201d \uf02d Nghe c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ri\u00eang l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1eb9n, x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng! Chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111i T\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, (m\u00e0) s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng m\u1eaft th\u00eam ra, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 cao, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 sang, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 qu\u00ed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m qu\u00ed, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00ed, c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0 sang, v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 sang, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m cao, ch\u01b0a \u1eaft h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 cao. Kh\u00f4ng, chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111i T\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng m\u1eaft ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1i h\u01b0 vinh \u0111\u1ec3 huy\u1ec5n di\u1ec7u b\u00e0 con. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ebf th\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng b\u00f5 c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y bu\u1ed5i l\u01b0 \u0111\u1eeb say s\u00f3ng \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ec3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ecd\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1922<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa VN l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 h\u01b0 \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh (1892-1945)<\/p>\n

Xin n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh. B\u00e0i V\u0103n minh lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trang 838-852, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n minh lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m nay. B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920, l\u00fac \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 28 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 2 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Paris. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh t\u1ecf ra am hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean c\u1edb l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n minh<\/em> nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: tri th\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng r\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u: ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i dung th\u1ee9 cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m b\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5c, \u00e1i nh\u00e2n kh\u1eafc k\u1ec9, v.v\u2026; c\u1ed5 lai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed m\u1edbi: khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em> \u0111\u1eddi nay t\u1ea5n t\u1edbi h\u01a1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hay h\u01a1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau. V\u1eady th\u1eddi v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/em>, v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c<\/em>, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean ni\u00ean b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh v\u1eady. (Vi\u1ebft nghi\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.)<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac; ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u; c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trang \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed; n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9 tan, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00e3i, c\u00e1i sau k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd; m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u khi ch\u00ecm, khi n\u1ed5i, khi \u0111\u1ed5i, khi thay, duy c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea1ng t\u1ecf, l\u00e0m \u0111u\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u0103n minh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh, v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang, xin bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y. [V\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u2026]<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khai th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1i s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed m\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi ban b\u1ed1 ra ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng hay h\u1eb9p v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. V\u0103n minh ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 tr\u1eef t\u00edch l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i ban b\u1ed1 cho r\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; v\u1eady th\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 x\u00e9t v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra l\u00e0m sao. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn k\u1ef9 th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ph\u00e0m v\u0103n minh l\u00e0 b\u1edfi t\u00e0i tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4n l\u1eafm, bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 v\u0103n v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1o m\u1eb7c x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh. V\u0103n minh l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ef1 trong tr\u00ed n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u00f3 m\u1edf mang s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh. N\u1ebfu trong c\u00f2n m\u1edd t\u1ed1i b\u00ed t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1ebb vang, th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m hai ch\u1eef v\u0103n minh, l\u1ea5y v\u0103n minh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m v\u0103n minh th\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00e1o s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i thay cho c\u00e1i n\u00e3o tinh t\u00fay \u1edf trong; ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n minh c\u1ed1t \u1edf tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1eeda khai th\u00f4ng th\u00ec d\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao th\u00e2m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Mu\u1ed1n cho tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00f4ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho r\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111ua tranh b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ed5 kim, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u00e0m v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n, nh\u1edd \u1edf h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, th\u1eddi d\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng li\u1ec7t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; hu\u1ed1ng chi n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng huy hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n minh, anh em ta n\u00ean ra c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 huy\u1ec5n di\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u1eady…<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/em> (prime cause) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh n\u1eb1m \u1edf tri th\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v.v\u2026 Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cbi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1<\/em>\u201d thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n, \u201ckhi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eafng \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u\u201d, trong khi r\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/em>\u201d, khi th\u1ecbnh, khi suy, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u00e0ng li\u1ec7t b\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, V\u0103n minh lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n V\u0103n minh lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Fukuzawa mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Fukuzawa kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u00f5 l\u1eafm ch\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc V\u0103n minh lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 Fukuzawa t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois Guizot v\u00e0 Henry Thomas Buckle. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00fac 28 tu\u1ed5i, Fukuzawa xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng l\u00fac 40 tu\u1ed5i (1875), v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi 47 n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee5c tri\u1ec3n khai tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u00f4ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1eedng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra ti\u1ebfp: Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1i g\u00ec, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, n\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf<\/em> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n. C\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee1i ki\u1ebfm. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i sau. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng “prophet” c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng hay d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i v\u1ec1 “mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a”. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng “chi\u1ebfn binh” hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh nhu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa hai gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean con nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, b\u00ean kia con nh\u00e0 v\u00f5. V\u0103n th\u00edch t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, an to\u00e0n, v\u00e2ng c\u1ea3 m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00fdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, trong khi V\u00f5 th\u00ec th\u00edch phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n \u0111i chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 TQ \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eaft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Descartes m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1650, t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 350 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201cx\u01b0a l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i\u201d, b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i chung, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa VN \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111ang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169 v\u1eabn l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng minh h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n<\/em> m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u00e1i g\u00ec? S\u00e2u xa, VN \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n <\/em>m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, VN ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa VN, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di ch\u00fac<\/em> v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen nh\u00ecn xa, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 Zeitgeist<\/em>. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c \u2013 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Max Weber t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft trong Khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>: N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, humanist, c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng<\/em> th\u1eafng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Trung Hoa th\u1ee9 hai. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a TQ ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, c\u00e1i hay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01a1 ph\u00fa… C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. VN \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u0103n l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh khai minh, l\u00e0m ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho \u1ea5m no, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng v\u0103n minh.Trong khi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khai minh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd “quy\u1ebft t\u1eed” cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd “quy\u1ebft sinh”, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec thi\u00eang li\u00eang, thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, hay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. Nh\u1edd khai s\u00e1ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 khoan dung. (Xem Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khai ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/em>)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong <\/span>Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c <\/i>v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 sau<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1eeb th\u1eadp c\u1eedu th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u1edf \u0111i, v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u00e1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00e9o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean b\u00fat, b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec phi Nghi\u00eau Thu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i H\u1ea1, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Chu, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9 \u0111em l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec5u ngh\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 d\u00e3 man. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. Tuy c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 \u1edf nh\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 n\u00f3i b\u1eady, l\u00e0m h\u1ee7y h\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/span><\/p>\n

(Xem th\u00eam Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh – Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/em>)<\/a><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng ra qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cho khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng? \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc hi\u1ebfm hoi khi v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “\u00f4ng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u khoa h\u1ecdc” cho VN, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u cho khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0 th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1” l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Liebig, Koch, Hertz, Siemens, Krupp, Benz, Daimler, v.v… Maxim Gorki t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1ea5t s\u00fac t\u00edch: \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 Kant m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Krupp! Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy t\u00e2m l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quy t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Schelling, Hegel, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111ang l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 Alexander von Humboldt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n (xem trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). \u0110\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00e0o Johann Wolfgang von Goethe r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Du tuy hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n universal v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Faust trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Faust<\/em> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Goethe nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0u, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Newton, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean \u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh George Stephenson. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1eafp qua v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111ang t\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c \u2013 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Ki\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111en t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n mong m\u1ecfi c\u00e1i v\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (KHCN) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng. Fukuzawa t\u1eebng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau pha rong ch\u01a1i n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc x\u01b0a th\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sinh vi\u00ean Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 KHCN hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Yukawa Hideki, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n n\u1ea5n n\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 “l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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Xem th\u00eam ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, sang \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19,\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, <\/span>v\u00e0 d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t nam:<\/span><\/p>\n

Francis Bacon \u2013 Fukuzawa Yukichi \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00eam:<\/p>\n

Albert Einstein c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n