{"id":339,"date":"2017-07-19T16:09:13","date_gmt":"2017-07-19T09:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=339"},"modified":"2021-01-29T22:10:43","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T15:10:43","slug":"khoa-hoc-la-dinh-menh-chung-ta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/khoa-hoc-la-dinh-menh-chung-ta\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

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KHOA H\u1eccC L\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH M\u1ec6NH CH\u00daNG TA<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/h3>\n

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Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c?<\/p>\n\"\u200bKHOA\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3.
\n(Minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 l\u00e0m c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o \u01b0u th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nha phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Trung Hoa (1839-1842), ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang Ph\u00e1p b\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng n\u0103m 1858 hay ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1853…<\/p>\n

Sau nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi: th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1y b\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm s\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang, mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft ngay v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ecdn man di\u201d, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra ngay: ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cman di\u201d kia m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. G\u01b0\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi s\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c samurai d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c mang g\u01b0\u01a1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2y s\u00fang, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p samurai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n bao \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n m\u00f4n cho c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc nho gi\u00e1o c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc <\/i>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Fukuzawa.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 m\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chuy\u00ean gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y sang t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng… H\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf<\/i>, l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c <\/i>t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u0103m th\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p trong ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Iwakura<\/i> g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m tr\u1eddi 1871-1873 sang c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0 Lan, B\u1ec9… \u0111\u1ec3 nghe t\u1eadn tai nh\u00ecn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khai s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e1y r\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 30 n\u0103m m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Trung Hoa, r\u1ed3i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng lu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, g\u00e2y kinh ng\u1ea1c cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 lan t\u1ecfa sang Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho phong tr\u00e0o T\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9 <\/i>c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ec7u r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a vua quan, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00f4m nay th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 T\u1ee9: d\u00f9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 17 \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Hong Kong v\u00e0 Singapore – nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n – ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu k\u00e9p<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di ch\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 v\u0103n, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy logic. Khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong c\u1ed7 xe kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3: Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4i ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 ngay tr\u00ean s\u00e2n nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cTri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Francis Bacon, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Anh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tri th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, l\u1ebb t\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Mori Arinori (1847-1889), b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb, th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft nhau, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, tri th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y. Thua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ebd thua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ch\u00fang ta – m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, tri th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng\u00a0s\u00fang.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1ng ba l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1ng hai, r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1ng hai l\u00ean h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t; v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec? Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho kinh t\u1ebf, cho m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c. H\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1edbt ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong khoa h\u1ecdc, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 1 v\u1ea1n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch hay cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0m g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng? V\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb s\u00e2n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u00e3y nh\u1edd chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung chung cho thanh ni\u00ean r\u1ed3i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Samsung \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng? Xung k\u00edch c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u201cTrong m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra\u201d <\/i>nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Clark Kerr c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u201cb\u01a1m\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u00e3y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u00e3y x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t c\u01a1m s\u1eaft\u201d kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1ee1 c\u1ea3, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u00e3y x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/i>. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p <\/i>v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d ta nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong s\u1ee9c \u1ef3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0ng quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tri th\u1ee9c – nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ra s\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c – \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9ng m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Alfred North Whitehead, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Anh, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng sau \u0111\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cTrong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, quy lu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a anh, v\u1ebb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a anh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n hay \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh. H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y mai khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

NXX<\/p>\n

2014<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/tin\/tuoi-tre-cuoi-tuan\/van-de-su-kien\/20150214\/khoa-hoc-la-dinh-menh-chung-ta\/711195.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  KHOA H\u1eccC L\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH M\u1ec6NH CH\u00daNG TA Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[28,12],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5034,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions\/5034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}