{"id":3420,"date":"2019-12-01T15:00:51","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T08:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=3420"},"modified":"2023-03-19T22:55:10","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T15:55:10","slug":"100-nam-anh-sang-bi-lech-tren-troi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/100-nam-anh-sang-bi-lech-tren-troi\/","title":{"rendered":"100 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o TU\u1ed4I TR\u1eba CU\u1ed0I TU\u1ea6N ng\u00e0y 1.12.2019<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

100 N\u0102M \u00c1NH S\u00c1NG L\u1ec6CH TR\u00caN TR\u1edcI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1919-2019<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein, t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc thang m\u1edbi. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hermann Weyl<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\"\"\n

B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n<\/em> s\u1ed1 46-2019 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

100 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1919, th\u00e1ng 11 \u2013 \u0111\u00fang 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi \u0111i qua m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang g\u00f3c l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Newton. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Anh, n\u01a1i l\u00f2ng th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ngu\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Newton, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cho thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho thuy\u1ebft Newton \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb 250 n\u0103m qua. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 r\u1ec1n vang tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00e2m linh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thay ca l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vai Newton sang vai Einstein. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/em> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u0103m 1919 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01b0 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em> cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. (Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khai ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/a> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3)<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1915, t\u1ee9c 4 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Einstein tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ed5 c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a H\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/em> v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 logic\u201d. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian cong<\/em> b\u1ed1n chi\u1ec1u, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, thay th\u1ebf cho l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Netwon, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc (geometry) c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m cong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cong s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n golf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 cong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i banh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 trong thuy\u1ebft Newton, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 Einstein di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng gi\u00e1ng sinh, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng r\u1ed7ng. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra, kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed7ng kia c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Newton, theo \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch khi \u0111i ngang qua m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m cong v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111i qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 cong \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo thuy\u1ebft Einstein s\u1ebd l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1edfi thuy\u1ebft Newton. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1919, hai \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Sobral v\u00e0 Principe \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n do Eddington ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Principe n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh Guinea, ch\u00e2u Phi, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c do Cottingham v\u00e0 Crommelin \u1edf Sobral c\u1ee7a Brazil, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i Sobral cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Einstein, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u1ea1i Principe l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. L\u00fd do: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1edd do t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ecdn ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Sobral v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp chung r\u1ea5t long tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Anh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1919. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 1.64\u201d (gi\u00e2y cung), so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 1.70\u201d, v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u201cn\u1ed5 tung\u201d b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. (Xem EINSTEIN<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, tr. 95)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Sobral d\u00f9ng cho quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y 29.05.1919<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c n\u0103m 1919 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong
\nb\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Illustrated London News<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoanh tr\u00f2n) trong cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c 1919. Khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb che to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00f3i chang, gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Anh sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sau ng\u00e0y, l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Sir Frank Watson Dyson (1868-1939) v\u00e0 Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882-1944)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Eddington l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cthi\u00ean v\u1ecb\u201d Einstein, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quaker ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Dyson th\u00ec ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o t\u00f9, v\u00e0 Einstein c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Eddington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u00edt \u201ct\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap Einstein th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

“N\u1ebfu con b\u1ecd b\u00f2 d\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y cong, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb cong. B\u1ed1 c\u00f3 di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 con b\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.”<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Einstein 1919<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Sobral kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Eddington (\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u1edf Principe), m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Dyson, theo Daniel Kennefick trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Dyson ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf Principe c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Dyson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, theo g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a Eddington, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed3 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vua, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Einstein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, Dyson, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. [Dyson kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Freeman Dyson sau n\u00e0y]1<\/sup><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp long tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y 6, th\u00e1ng 11, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, Dyson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh, t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Einstein.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd J. J. Thomson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1906, ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 thuy\u1ebft h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Newton. [\u2026] \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn (theory of invariants) v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n\u201d. Khi Eddington \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ludwig Silberstein) ch\u00fac m\u1eebng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec \u00f4ng im l\u1eb7ng. \u201c\u0110\u1eebng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, Eddington\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u00f3i. \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. T\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba kia.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tuy th\u1ebf, sau n\u0103m 1919 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u1ef9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Einstein, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1922 t\u1ea1i \u00dac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u0103n Lick \u1edf California. Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Dyson \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n \u2018m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd\u2019 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Einstein, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u201d Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1929 m\u1edbi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Einstein. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o Sao Th\u1ee7y (Mercury), h\u00e0nh tinh g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Newton kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Sao Thu\u1ef7 h\u00ecnh elip kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn nh\u01b0 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn Kepler, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 quay v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf xung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. (Xem Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em>). Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ecf (redshift) trong quang ph\u1ed5 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Chung cu\u1ed9c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p th\u1eed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1eaft gao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi h\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin. N\u0103m 1919, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u00ed d\u1ecfm: \u201cTh\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc cho Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u0103m nay, 2019, Daniel Kennefick, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gom g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cNo Shadow of a Doubt. The Eclipse That Confirmed Einstein\u2019s Theory of Relativity\u201d, Princeton University Press 2019. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nghi ng\u1edd n\u00e0o\u201d cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c 1919.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, xem Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u00e1c trang 130-131-132 Einstein c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u00ednh theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Newton.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng gian-cong<\/em>. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c C. F. Gau\u00df l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd.\u201d Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1854, Riemann, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tr\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 Habilitation<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc G\u00f6ttingen c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u201d (\u00dcber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zugrunde liegen), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc phi Euclid: Gau\u00df trong kh\u00f4ng gian 2 chi\u1ec1u, Riemann trong kh\u00f4ng gian nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u. N\u0103m 1870, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Anh William K. Clifford d\u1ecbch lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Riemann sang ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cOn the spatial structure of matter\u201d (V\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 Gau\u00df v\u00e0 Riemann \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Clifford nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 cong thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gian. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: (1) r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc (Euclid) trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, (2) t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb cong hay m\u00e9o m\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c theo d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng. T\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, (3) s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 cong l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho d\u00f9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ether. T\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, (4) trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cong c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Einstein m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Riemann, thay th\u1ebf cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Newton.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

C. F. Gau\u00df (1777-1855) v\u00e0 Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)<\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, t\u1edd b\u00e1o The London Times<\/em> c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i ph\u00e1o cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi t\u00edt l\u1edbn trang nh\u1ea5t: \u201cCU\u1ed8C C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG TRONG KHOA H\u1eccC\/L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT M\u1edaI C\u1ee6A V\u0168 TR\u1ee4\/C\u00c1C \u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A NEWTON B\u1eca L\u1eacT \u0110\u1ed4\u201d. \u201cKh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ecb cong\u201d (Space warped). B\u1ecb x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Euclid \u0111\u1ebfn Kepler, t\u1eeb Kepler \u0111\u1ebfn Sir Isaac Newton, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026.Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Hai ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u00e1o The New York Times<\/em> c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, 9 th\u00e1ng 11, g\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d b\u00ean kia \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n

\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi\/ C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00f4n xao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\/ Thuy\u1ebft Einstein chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\/ C\u00e1c v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y hay n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u00e2u. [M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u.]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Einstein xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng n\u0103m n\u00e0o tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\"\"\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.
\nKh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian cong m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Tranh c\u1ee7a Rea Irvin tr\u00ean The New Yorker<\/em>, 1929<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 12, 1919, t\u1edd Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Berlin vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh to c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Einstein tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m: \u201cM\u1ed9t v\u0129 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Albert Einstein c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Copernic, Kepler v\u00e0 Newton.<\/em>\u201d (Trong EINSTEIN<\/em>, tr.97) Einstein tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i sao m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed nghe ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh Albert Einstein tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung<\/em>, 1919<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Einstein m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung con s\u1ed1 1.7\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e2y cung tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n 360 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra 60 ph\u00fat cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i 60 gi\u00e2y cho m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0, ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 Einstein c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch b\u00e9 x\u00edu kia \u1edf xa t\u00edt tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 150 tri\u1ec7u c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec sao? Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong L\u1eddi d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n Albert Einstein \u2013 M\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o – Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o – c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Theo Kinh th\u00e1nh, Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 7 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo Kinh th\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quay xung quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Newton l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch. Th\u00ec \u0111\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ra \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Newton ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1eafm, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian. Do \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Anh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Einstein, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, gi\u1edd qua \u0111\u00eam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201csao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu-Newton v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Einstein. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed sang trang.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c, Do Th\u00e1i Fritz Stern (1926-2016) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n tinh th\u1ea7n sau s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng c\u0169 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong \u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, vua ch\u00faa, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, tu s\u0129, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Giai c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u0169 b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng, Disenchantment<\/em> (S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i m\u00ea) l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, theo ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Einstein, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Einstein gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i danh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Fritz Stern<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2005, k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3<\/em> c\u1ee7a Einstein, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Marcelo Gleiser v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0110H Dartmouth nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Einstein nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Newton v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. M\u1ed9t khi ai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf quan m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n, khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00e2m linh. C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Newton c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u00f3c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u00ec xuy\u00ean qua kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khoa h\u1ecdc Newton nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Marcelos Gleiser (tr. XVIII, Albert Einstein \u2013 M\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Einstein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Newton, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Bernard Shaw c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00f4n vinh tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng sau \u0111\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng Einstein:<\/p>\n

Napoleon v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00fdp n\u00e0y: h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026Ptolemy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 1.500 n\u0103m. Newton, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 300 n\u0103m. C\u00f2n Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u00f4t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Bernard Shaw (tr. liv trong Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1eddi sau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 \u0111en, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, s\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i VN, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/em>, hay Albert Einstein<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng catchwords<\/em>, \u201ckh\u1ea9u l\u1ec7nh\u201d, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng noi theo nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e9 Khoa Minh (n\u0103m nay 9t), TP HCM, say m\u00ea Einstein, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 Einstein b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, v\u00ec b\u00e9 mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc Einstein tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eaft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u1edf Texas, ng\u00e0y 2.1.2019 t\u1ea1i Houston, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 4 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 li\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim Ng\u00e2n, Houston, Texas, 2019<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

[1] Albert Einstein \u2013 M\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Helen Dukas v\u00e0 Banesh Hoffmann, do \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Thu Tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef: Albert Einstein – M\u1eb7t Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n<\/em><\/a>
\n[2] EINSTEIN<\/em> (Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n), S\u00e1ch Einstein<\/em><\/a> v\u00e0<\/p>\n

[3] Einstein, Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em> (do NXX chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef): Einstein, Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i NXB T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> 20\/11\/2019<\/span><\/p>\n

======<\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Xem s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 6\/11\/2019 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ulf von Rauchhaupt trong b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung<\/a>. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai n\u01a1i l\u00e0 1,6\u201c v\u00e0 1,98\u201c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt sai s\u1ed1, tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Einstein 1,7\u201c. Xem Konrad Kleinknecht, Einstein und Heisenberg. Begr\u00fcnder der mondern Physik<\/em>. Nxb Kohlhammer, 2017. Tr. 78. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm cho \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Thibault Damour, Once Upon Einstein<\/em>. A K Peters Ltd. tr. 59.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o TU\u1ed4I TR\u1eba CU\u1ed0I TU\u1ea6N ng\u00e0y 1.12.2019   100 N\u0102M \u00c1NH S\u00c1NG L\u1ec6CH TR\u00caN TR\u1edcI 1919-2019 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein, t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc thang m\u1edbi. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[91,4,5,98,29],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3420"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3439,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420\/revisions\/3439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}