{"id":3730,"date":"2020-04-11T11:05:59","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T04:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=3730"},"modified":"2023-09-21T10:46:05","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T03:46:05","slug":"tan-truc-hsinchu-silicon-va-cuoc-cong-nghiep-hoa-dai-loan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/tan-truc-hsinchu-silicon-va-cuoc-cong-nghiep-hoa-dai-loan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac (Hsinchu) Silicon v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0110\u00e0i Loan"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00c2N TR\u00daC SILICON V\u00c0<\/span><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C C\u00d4NG NGHI\u1ec6P H\u00d3A \u0110\u00c0I LOAN<\/span><\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG B\u00c0I H\u1eccC L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Th\u00e1ng 3&4, 2020. To\u00e0n b\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

Thung l\u0169ng Silicon t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>, Nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, TP HCM, 2024)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (kinh t\u1ebf) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft suy di\u1ec5n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay sang quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng quy n\u1ea1p trong th\u1eddi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy \u201cn\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\u201d, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u201cn\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Alice H. Amsden, 2012<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, kinh t\u1ebf \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u1ea1i Cuc <\/em>ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e0n b\u00e0i<\/span>
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n
  2. Chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    PH\u1ea6N 1<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac (HSIP) \u2013 H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/li>\n
    2. HSIP\u00a0 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ITRI: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho hi-tech<\/li>\n
    3. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao<\/li>\n
    4. Nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp STAG<\/li>\n
    5. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean minh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp<\/li>\n
    6. T\u1eeb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/li>\n
    7. Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n
    8. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      PH\u1ea6N 2<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/li>\n
      2. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/li>\n
      3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/li>\n
      4. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
      5. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (manufacturing)<\/li>\n
      6. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/li>\n
      7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong phong c\u00e1ch<\/li>\n
      8. \u0110\u00e0n s\u1ebfu bay<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        PH\u1ea6N 3<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi<\/li>\n
        2. Hai minh h\u1ecda vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n
        3. Thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n vs<\/em> Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/li>\n
        4. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/li>\n
        5. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/li>\n
        6. Tinh th\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          PH\u1ea6N 4<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00a0<\/em>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            ***<\/span><\/p>\n

            D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng hai m\u1ee5c <\/em>(1) v\u00e0 <\/em>(2)<\/p>\n

            (1) M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

            S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 Singapore, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. GDP \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb $2.368 n\u0103m 1980 l\u00ean $14.877 n\u0103m 2000, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 6.3 l\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi n\u0103m 1970 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t $396. N\u0103m 2010 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean $19.262, v\u00e0 $24.828 n\u0103m 2019. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Canh t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gian nan m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u201ch\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 gen gi\u1ed1ng nhau. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch<\/em>, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cgradualist\u201d, tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cbig push\u201d, c\u00fa h\u00edch l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch, gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Washington\u201d nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 \u201ctr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i\u201d \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 \u201chu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, gia nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201cd\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 khai ph\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em> – developmental state. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em> m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Theo h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n, gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia chung, v\u00ec \u201cm\u00e0u c\u1edd s\u1eafc \u00e1o\u201d, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vinh nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb chung. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            Vai tr\u00f2 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ICT \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 tr\u1edf \u0111i, gi\u00fap cho \u0110\u00e0i Loan nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi-tech \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0n tay r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng xung l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. Xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con r\u1ed3ng con ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, 20 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh kh\u00e1c, thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Washington\u201c, n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 \u0111i, xem nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u201cs\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5\u201d, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, \u201cd\u1eabn d\u1eaft\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tham gia c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u201ct\u1eeb ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i\u201d (exogenous) n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cc\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang m\u00e0 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n danh s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, suy y\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng v\u1ef1c d\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u0103ng hoa x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o – trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u201ch\u00e3y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d – l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1eabn nhau \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean hi-tech th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00e0i Loan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb khai s\u00e1ng<\/em>, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1edf M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, am hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u201ccosmopolitan\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf M\u1ef9, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ea1ch ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u201cc\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n khai qu\u1ed1c\u201d m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n

            S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf, s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Singapore \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ebfu bay <\/em>nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1n cao, con n\u00e0y k\u00e9o con kia. TQ c\u0169ng x\u1ebfp m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: VN s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1ebfu bay n\u00e0o s\u1eafp t\u1edbi<\/em>? C\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nhanh hay ch\u1eadm?<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ea9u truy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh dung Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ebfu c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111ang c\u00f3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n thua xa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh, l\u00e0m cho ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qua r\u1ed3i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng gia c\u00f4ng r\u1ebb, hay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hay s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p. V\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb v\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i v\u1eaft \u00f3c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n tinh hoa. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra xung quanh ta.<\/p>\n

            Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ebfu kia hay kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh. C\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u00e0o khung tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o? \u201cBu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n, b\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Singapore, Th\u00e1i Lan, M\u00e3 Lai, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 TQ c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chung. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

            Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m nay c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u201cto\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d hay \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nghe r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1<\/em> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c hay Singapore. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u01b0a? \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp FDI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh? Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. FDI ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e0i Loan d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

            Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i l\u1edbn, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m gia c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, ch\u01b0a th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c cho nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a quy m\u00f4, nh\u01b0 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trung, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eb5ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            (2) CHI\u1ebeC B\u00d3NG B\u00c1N D\u1eaaN THAY \u0110\u1ed4I TH\u00ca GI\u1edaI<\/strong>
            \n<\/em><\/p>\n

            C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ean transitor<\/em>, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ICT hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 4.0 hay h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Bell Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1edfi ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc William Shockley, John Bardeen, v\u00e0 Walter Brattain. Ba \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1956. Sau \u0111\u00f3, IC (integrated circuit), m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, hay vi m\u1ea1ch, hay chip, ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Robert Noyce ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1957 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m silicon. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, chip c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn [v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7], \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng con chip \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i IT, t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, iPad, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf tinh vi, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Chip ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn theo \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore: C\u1ee9 hai n\u0103m s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con chip \u2018megabit\u2019 nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng (DRAM, Dynamic Random Access Memory), \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t gigabyte: m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (devices) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ecdp<\/em> (tiger technology), v\u00e0 chip l\u00e0 chip c\u1ecdp<\/em> (tiger chip) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 diode, transistor, IC trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1m g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9 \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Fairchild v\u00e0 Texas Instruments, v\u00e0 \u2018nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tay ch\u01a1i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m th\u1ea7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Vua Arthur trong chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Anh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            Robert Noyce, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p IC (Wikipedia)<\/p>\n

            S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf B\u1edd T\u00e2y Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c con chip \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lan t\u1ecfa tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Singapore, Malaysia v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chip l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

            V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng\u2019 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o chip nh\u1edb (memory chip) – theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cTr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng\u201d – ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 40% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn M\u1ef9-Nh\u1eadt n\u0103m1986, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p chip v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

            R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tay ch\u01a1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Samsung v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Huyndai v\u00e0 Goldstar (nay l\u00e0 LG Semicon) \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f9ng c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chip b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh M\u1ef9. Samsung \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c doanh s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1987, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u00cdt ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n, th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 c\u0169ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fac wafer \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy m\u00f4, T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 UMC v\u00e0 Winbond. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

            Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Singapore, n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i chip \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edbm, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m wafer \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fac wafer b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Singapore (Singapore Technologies Group). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Malaysia, Th\u00e1i Lan, Philippines v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn trong c\u1ea3 hai, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i IC c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea5m IC c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n. (Tiger technology<\/em>, 29-31)<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cao c\u1ea5p m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd hay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd gieo tr\u1ed3ng<\/em> v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/em> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi: nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/em> n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

            C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ef1a theo kinh nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, VN tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u2018h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c\u201d (apprentice), v\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp\u2019 qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n gia c\u00f4ng OEM (“s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed1c” cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ODM (t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf). C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1eeba c\u1ea1nh tranh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 li\u00ean minh. B\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean minh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chung. B\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a VN \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o g\u00ec. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng 2035 v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2016 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng GDP, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n, r\u1ea5t minh tri\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cmaster\u201d, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> (imitation) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/em> (innovation). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean minh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ai, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng OEM\/ODM ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba l\u00e0m h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp (catch-up) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. H\u00e3y xem tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e0i Loan, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc khai s\u00e1ng<\/em> h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau (latecomers). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n R&D, t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m spin-off li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhau, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Hoa ki\u1ec1u t\u1eeb M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

            T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i DNA hay m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu\u201d r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, l\u00e0m b\u00e0i\u00a0 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, hay ngay c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n\"\"\n

             <\/p>\n

            NXX, m\u00f9a d\u1ecbch Covid-19, 2020<\/p>\n

            Xem th\u00eam<\/em>:<\/p>\n

            Hsinchu (T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac) v\u00e0 B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n