{"id":448,"date":"2017-08-27T07:56:02","date_gmt":"2017-08-27T00:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=448"},"modified":"2023-03-05T17:51:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-05T10:51:23","slug":"abraham-lincoln-phac-hoa-tieu-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/abraham-lincoln-phac-hoa-tieu-su\/","title":{"rendered":"Abraham Lincoln: Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

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PH\u00c1C H\u1eccA TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec <\/span><\/h1>\n

(Autobiography, 1859)<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cho cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1860<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

ABRAHAM LINCOLN<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh <\/span><\/strong>gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(T\u1eb7ng Martin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i cao ng\u1ea5t xem th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd khai ph\u00e1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/i> trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t hai chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i<\/i> cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 vinh quang. H\u1ecd gh\u00e9t<\/i> b\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9<\/i> ai kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd khao kh\u00e1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/i> t\u1ef1 do<\/i>, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/i> t\u1ef1 do cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do<\/i> \u2013 \u0111\u00e1ng vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u nhau trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cho, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u00ecn gi\u1eef. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hay \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e8n h\u1ea1, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span>.<\/i> Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Jesse Fell cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Lincoln l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1860. Fell l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u1edf Bloomington, Illinois, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng quen bi\u1ebft Lincoln trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Whig t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Pennsylvania, trong l\u00fac th\u0103m qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 n\u0103m 1858, \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Lincoln trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pennsylvania, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tranh c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Lincoln. N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, Fell n\u00f3i, thi Lincoln c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Theo s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Lincoln chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00fd l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho Joseph J. Lewis c\u1ee7a Wochester, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 Lincoln cho b\u00e1o Times<\/i> c\u1ee7a Qu\u1eadn Chester, ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 2, 1860. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng sau, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Lincoln.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
\n

T\u00f4i sinh ra ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1809 t\u1ea1i H\u1ea1t[1]<\/sup><\/a> Hardin, Bang Kentucky. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3 hai sinh ra \u1edf Virginia, trong nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2013 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1ng hai, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i th\u1ebf. M\u1eb9 t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u00fac t\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Hanks m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Adams, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf Qu\u1eadn Macon, Bang Illinois. \u00d4ng n\u1ed9i t\u00f4i, Abraham Lincoln, t\u1eeb Qu\u1eadn Rockingham, Virginia, di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Kentucky, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng n\u0103m 1781 hay 1782, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t hay hai n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, m\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft l\u00e9n khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quaker, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Virginia t\u1eeb Qu\u1eadn Berks, Pennsylvania. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf New-England c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong c\u1ea3 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Enoch, Levi, Mordecal, Solomon, Abraham, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cha t\u00f4i, v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i; v\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a (sic). \u00d4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf Kentucky \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1eadn Spencer, Indiana, l\u00fac t\u00f4i l\u00ean t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng l\u00fac Bang Indiana gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Li\u00ean bang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (Union). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00fa hoang kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng. T\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cbi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn quy t\u1eafc tam su\u1ea5t (\u201creadin, writin, and cipherin\u201d to the Rule of Three). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lang thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebft La tinh t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y (sic). Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tham v\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn quy t\u1eafc tam su\u1ea5t; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u00fat \u00edt m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n gia t\u00e0i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abraham Lincoln, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1860, <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

l\u00fac \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bu\u1ed3n. (Wikipedia)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng, ngh\u1ec1 t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai tu\u1ed5i. L\u00fac hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Illinois, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Qu\u1eadn Macon. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn New-Salem (v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Sangamon, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Qu\u1eadn Menard, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c (Clerk) trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfn tranh Black-Haw n\u1ed5 ra; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9i ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i vui h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed, ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, cho ng\u00e0nh L\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng n\u0103m (1832) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u2013 l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong ba cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o L\u1eadp ph\u00e1p. T\u00f4i th\u00f4i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed sau \u0111\u00f3. Trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf L\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Springfield \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. N\u0103m 1846, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed sau \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb 1845-1854, tr\u1ecdn hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Whig trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ebb \u1ee9ng c\u1eed c\u1ee7a Whig[2]<\/sup><\/a>, tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u2212 t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u1ef1 X\u00f3a b\u1ecf Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Missouri[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u feet v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n inch v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao (1.95m), m\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i pound (82kg), n\u01b0\u1edbc da s\u1eadm, m\u00e1i t\u00f3c \u0111en c\u1ee9ng, m\u1eaft x\u00e1m \u2013 ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng,<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Lincoln<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Image<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi B\u1ea1t.<\/b><\/i> Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, ch\u1ec9 606 ch\u1eef, \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m n\u0103m qua trong \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Douglas. Lincoln vi\u1ebft cho Fell: \u201cK\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00fd do, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3.\u201d Lincoln k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00f3, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u\u201d. N\u0103m sau, 1860, khi John L. Scripps c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Chicago Trubune<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed, Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ea1i sao Scripps\u2026. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u2026. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Kh\u00fac bi ai<\/i> c\u1ee7a Gray,<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n hay ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.\u201d<\/span>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Lincoln chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a 1859, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n. D\u00f9 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3 bong b\u00f3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed nh\u1eafm ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n Cooper<\/em><\/strong>, New York, c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Astor, ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 2, 1860. \u00d4ng di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u1eed t\u1ecda 1.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd b\u00e1o. N\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Abraham Lincoln h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a cho cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi. Lincoln k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng <\/i>L\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00ean S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh,<\/i> RIGHT MAKES MIGHT, v\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3<\/i>.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Lincoln c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 15 tu\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1-l\u1eadp th\u00e2n, self-made, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, gia ph\u1ea3, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed1 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00fa t\u00e0i hay c\u1eed nh\u00e2n hay th\u1ea1c s\u0129. \u00d4ng lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00fap nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 gh\u00e9p (log-cabin) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu hay b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng\u201d, William Herndon, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lincoln n\u00f3i, \u201cth\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 do d\u1ef1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n d\u1eebng l\u00e2u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c log-cabin m\u00e0 Lincoln t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/span>
\n\u0110\u00e2y log-cabin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u01a1i sinh ra Abraham Lincoln.<\/span><\/p>\n\"Image\n

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Lincoln, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch g\u1ed7\u201d (Railsplitter).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Bang Illinois \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Decatur ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 5, 1980, Richard J. Oglesby v\u00e0 John Hanks ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi hai thanh g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cAbraham Lincoln, \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean thanh g\u1ed7 cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1860\u201d. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Lincoln, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec1, l\u00ednh c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00e1ch g\u1ed7 c\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eaft m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u1edf Chicago, n\u01a1i s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed cho Abraham Lincoln.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Lincoln l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1-h\u1ecdc (self-taught), v\u00e0 t\u1ef1-l\u1eadp th\u00e2n (self-made) v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd v\u00e0o trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t college, hay academy v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 40, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/i> c\u1ee7a Euclid, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

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Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u2026. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb \u2018ch\u1ee9ng minh\u2019 (demonstrate). L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. T\u00f4i tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n Webster. T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi ng\u1edd<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u00f4i c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0u xanh cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 (nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 \u00edch). Cu\u1ed1i t\u00f9ng t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u201cLincoln, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u2018ch\u1ee9ng minh\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1edbi khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee9ng minh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o (proposition) trong s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Euclid khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ee9ng minh\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

N\u0103m 1849, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc <\/i>c\u1ee7a Euclid. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7y trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7. Lincoln hi\u1ec3u, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 logos<\/i> nh\u01b0 Aristote quan ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khung l\u00f4g\u00edc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Euclid gi\u00fap \u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i khung \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Euclid, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg<\/em> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00d4ng y\u00eau t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, l\u00f4gic, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam<\/em>:<\/p>\n

Euclid, C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n

Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i<\/a>; v\u00e0 <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1eeb t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, Lincoln tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thi v\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Lincoln c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11, n\u0103m 1858, Licoln \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Stephen A. Douglas, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\HP\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCacheContent.Word\\Lincoln<\/p>\n

\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 ham m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Abe (tranh c\u1ee7a Eastman Johnson, 1868). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Y\u00eau th\u00edch h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Lincoln. \u201cNi\u1ec1m vui ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Abe trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, n\u1eb1m s\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng than trong tay, Abe s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft to\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u1ebbng g\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng\u2026 M\u1eb9 th\u1ee9 c\u1eadu k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m tay c\u1eadu. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch th\u00fa, c\u1eadu vi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n v\u1edf ghi ch\u00e9p \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho t\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i c\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u201d nh\u01b0 William Herndon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u00f4ng n\u0103m 1888 vi\u1ebft. John Hanks, b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Abe, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng b\u00ean m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cKhi Abe v\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u1eadu ta s\u1ebd \u0111i ngay t\u1edbi t\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, v\u1ed3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh m\u00ec h\u1ea1t, ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, d\u1ef1ng hai ch\u00e2n l\u00ean ngang \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc\u2026 L\u00fac n\u00e0o Abe c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng hay \u1edf nh\u00e0, c\u1eadu ta s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u1eadu gi\u1eef Kinh th\u00e1nh<\/i> v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Aesop lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trong t\u1ea7m tay, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t.\u201d Trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch Lincoln \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Pilgrim\u2019s Progress<\/i> c\u1ee7a John Bunyan, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a George Washington<\/i> c\u1ee7a Parson Weem, T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Benjamin Franklin, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n C\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n<\/i> c\u1ee7a William Scott, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Shakespeare, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3<\/i> c\u1ee7a William Grimshaw, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Lincoln c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf Indiana. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n (nh\u01b0 34.567.834×23.423) ho\u1eb7c chia (nh\u01b0 4.375.702 chia cho 2.432) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Abe ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Abe c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o, v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u\u2026<\/p>\n

Lincoln n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 t\u00e0i k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghe Lincoln n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Trong m\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, Lincoln l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Lincoln l\u00e0 con chim \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i giang san, l\u00e0m cho T\u1ef1 do<\/i>, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/i> t\u00e1i sinh, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 long tr\u1ecdng ghi v\u00e0o B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/i> b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Lincoln<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ai \u0111i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed cao. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 linh c\u1ea3m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh vi\u00ean Trung h\u1ecdc Springfield l\u00fac \u00f4ng 28 tu\u1ed5i hay sao? Abraham Lincoln n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng vinh quang c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y vinh quang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng? Ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khao kh\u00e1t g\u00ec xa h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, hay trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed, hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng. Sao, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t Alexander, m\u1ed9t Ceasar, hay Napoleon ch\u0103ng? Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i cao ng\u1ea5t xem th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd khai ph\u00e1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/i> trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t hai chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i<\/i> cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 vinh quang. H\u1ecd gh\u00e9t<\/i> b\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9<\/i> ai kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd khao kh\u00e1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. [Xem Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u0103m h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi<\/i><\/a>]<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Licoln \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp th\u00e2n<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 7, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n

—
\nCh\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef County. \u1ede M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi Bang (state) l\u00e0 County, r\u1ed3i trong County c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (City). Cho n\u00ean County th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.
\n[2]<\/sup><\/a> N\u0103m 1860 Lincoln chuy\u1ec3n qua \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u1eed tranh c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng.
\n[3]<\/sup><\/a> Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Missouri (Missouri Compromise) n\u0103m 1820 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bang c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bang t\u1ef1 do.
\n[4]<\/sup><\/a> Th\u1eadt ra, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed cho n\u0103m 1860 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda John L. Scripps, Lincoln c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung trong m\u1ed9t Autobiobraphy th\u00e1ng 6, 1860, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec Autobiography n\u0103m 1859 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  PH\u00c1C H\u1eccA TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec (Autobiography, 1859) Cho cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1860 ABRAHAM LINCOLN Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (T\u1eb7ng Martin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam)   Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i cao ng\u1ea5t xem th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd khai ph\u00e1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[24],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=448"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9117,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions\/9117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}