{"id":462,"date":"2017-08-28T11:58:49","date_gmt":"2017-08-28T04:58:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=462"},"modified":"2018-05-28T20:53:55","modified_gmt":"2018-05-28T13:53:55","slug":"dan-nhap-sach-tinh-than-tu-luc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/dan-nhap-sach-tinh-than-tu-luc\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp s\u00e1ch: Tinh th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Samuel Smiles<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span> TINH TH\u1ea6N T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C<\/span>
\nv\u00e0 s\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

Fukuzawa Yukichi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hoan ngh\u00eanh Ban tu th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa Sen xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c <\/i>(Self-Help<\/i>) c\u1ee7a Samuel Smiles b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Anh, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh best-seller. N\u0103m n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Duy t\u00e2n th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb (Meiji) trong bu\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u01b0ng xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ngay, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> c\u1ee7a Smiles nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ea9m nang\u201d \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thai ngh\u00e9n nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i kinh qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ec ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 mang tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> c\u0169ng gi\u00fap r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111en, kurofune<\/i>, c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c Perry b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n Edo (Tokyo) n\u0103m 1853, \u0111\u00f2i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda, g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u1ed7i b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng trong d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 d\u00e2n gian sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e2u t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c thanh b\u00ecnh<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc, gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean<\/i>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00e2m ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda, k\u00fd th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e3n binh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn \u0111ang d\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y? B\u1ee9c tranh Kanagawa-oki nami ura<\/i> (S\u00f3ng l\u1eebng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Kanagawa) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 Hokusai v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1830 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\HP\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCacheContent.Word\\Anh<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u samurai y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7m g\u01b0\u01a1m, s\u00fang chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u anh d\u0169ng, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cT\u00f4n vinh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdn man di\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0i c\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1860, phong tr\u00e0o b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. Khi chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ngo\u1ea1i giao Kanrin Maru<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a shogun (t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n) \u0111i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1858 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, vi\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mang l\u00ean b\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y d\u00f9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 mua t\u1ea1i San Francisco, tr\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c samurai cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Fukuzawa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch xem l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o samurai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn: ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Tokugawa c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 17.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 shijuku<\/i>, tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u014dgaku<\/i> d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 con em samurai l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng (terakoya<\/i>). \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Meiji, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 40-50% con trai, v\u00e0 15% con g\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft. Ri\u00eang Edo c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 70%. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch hay xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000 quy\u1ec3n.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. H\u1ecd g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n quan s\u00e1t sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch\u201d t\u1ea1i sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Iwakura\u201d n\u0103m 1871 \u2013 1873 \u0111i th\u0103m M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nh\u01b0 Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u00c1o. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i khai s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khai s\u00e1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n minh\u201d, \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do\u201d, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 du nh\u1eadp thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 lo,<\/i> t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec m\u1edbi mong c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u00fa qu\u1ed1c c\u01b0\u1eddng binh\u201d (fukoku-ky\u014dhei<\/i>). C\u00f3 t\u1ef1 lo, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u201ctham v\u1ecdng\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a William S. Clark (1826 \u2013 1886), ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1876, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hokkaid\u014d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n chia tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cC\u00e1c ch\u00e0ng trai, h\u00e3y c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng<\/i>\u201d (\u201cBoys, be ambitious\u201d). C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u1eafc ghi trong tim, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hokkaid\u014d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Clark.<\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o khai s\u00e1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n lan. Nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Tsuda Mamichi vi\u1ebft: \u201cKhi s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc) b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111en (c\u1ee7a Perry) \u0111\u1ebfn Uraga, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u201d Tinh th\u1ea7n khai s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c 30 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Nh\u00f3m keimo<\/i> (khai s\u00e1ng) nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u00e9o theo c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cv\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u0169, v\u00e0\u2026 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t, ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, b\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d (tsuda) \u0111\u1ec3 lao v\u00e0o \u2018cu\u1ed9n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n\u2019 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, It\u014d Hirobumi, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n 1871, l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u khai s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Duy T\u00e2n, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u0103m 1899, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u201cm\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n man di, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1899, It\u014d t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n

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[T\u1eeb l\u00fac Duy t\u00e2n Meiji] \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y v\u0103n minh l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Duy t\u00e2n Meiji r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eddi Meiji nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/i>, v\u00e0 trao cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn, hay chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169, tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Edo, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u1ef3 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, trong khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi v\u1ea1ch ra, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 bao \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. S\u1ef1 ch\u1edd mong gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n linh, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Tin L\u00e0nh, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh b\u00e0n tay si\u00eang n\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm g\u1ea5p r\u00fat l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n sinh quan m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ch\u00f3a th\u00e2n\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. S\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng gia s\u01b0<\/i> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch On Liberty <\/i>(B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do<\/i>) c\u1ee7a J. S. Mill v\u00e0 Self-help <\/i>(Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i>) c\u1ee7a Samuel Smiles s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u0103m 1870 v\u00e0 1871, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nakamura Masanao, hay Nakamura Keiu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cth\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201cBa t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, hay \u201cKinh th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb\u201d (Meiji no seisho<\/i>) cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh<\/i> c\u1ee7a Fukuzawa v\u00e0 Yochi Shiryaku<\/i> (T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd) b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Uchida Masao.<\/p>\n

Nakamura sinh n\u0103m 1832 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh samurai h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng do th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Sh\u014dheik\u014d c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 g\u1eedi sang Anh l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, mang theo hai quy\u1ec3n Self-help<\/i> (qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 On Liberty<\/i>. Self-help<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh Saigoku Risshihen<\/i> (M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y), c\u00f2n On Liberty<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh Jiy\u016b no ri<\/i> (Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do). Nakamura c\u0169ng mang theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Anh, M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a R.W. Emerson. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Anh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thanh ni\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi Fukuzawa. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ee9 hai sau Fukuzawa, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khai s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda nh\u1edd d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m Saigoku Risshihen<\/i>, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda nh\u1edd Jiy\u016b no ri<\/i>. Quy\u1ec3n Self-help<\/i> l\u00e0 best-seller \u1edf Anh, \u00dd, v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1904 khi Smiles m\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 250.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh mua Self-help<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Charles Darwin. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t \u0111ang d\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n ra \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u1ea9m nang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u00edch l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a J. S. Mill ngay trang \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t: Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 lo. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Trong Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i>, Smiles k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi\u201d trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang cho giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Richard Arkwright s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ra \u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Toyoda Sakichi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ra m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1897. C\u00e1c h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi xe h\u01a1i Toyota ng\u00e0y nay. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Saigoku Risshihen <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Smiles l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u sinh t\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0 trong On the Origin of Species<\/i> (Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i<\/i>) c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin. \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m Josiah Wedgwood v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 George Stephenson l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Smiles, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed3i g\u00e2y ra nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu bao bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edd \u0111i.\u201d Smiles c\u0103m gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i (th\u1eddi Victoria c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng). \u00d4ng xem giai c\u1ea5p qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, tr\u00ec ch\u00ed, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, risshin<\/i>, hay v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung l\u01b0u, b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i> vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 hay, m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00f4n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Sau Robinson Crusoe<\/i>, v\u00e0 Self-help<\/i>, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed1i nhau ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 H\u00f3m\u0113ros, Bacon, Shakespeare, Voltaire v\u00e0 Napol\u00e9on, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n Ais\u014dpos (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean t\u1eeb 1593), \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh Th\u00e1nh, The Pilgrim\u2019s Progress<\/i> c\u1ee7a John Bunyan, De l’esprit des lois <\/i>c\u1ee7a Montesquieu (1876), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (1877), v\u00e0 Du contrat social <\/i>c\u1ee7a J.-J. Rousseau (1877). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh hay c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1i n\u00f4i Trung Hoa\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 qu\u00e1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, kh\u00f4ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n kia. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bay l\u00ean cao b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh Trung Hoa c\u0169 k\u1ef9, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu\u00ea r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Kho\u1ea3ng ba ng\u00e0n th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 1868 \u2013 1890, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 David Murray (M\u1ef9) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rutgers, New Jersey, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 Ludwig Riess (\u0110\u1ee9c) thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u014dky\u014d.<\/p>\n

Th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0m sao n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sau Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/i>, n\u0103m 1878, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Sh\u014dken d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi ba \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh\u201d m\u00e0 Benjamin Franklin so\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1726 \u0111\u1ec3 tu th\u00e2n sang th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u1eeb gia s\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o Motoda Eifu r\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng cung. B\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu thi s\u0129 nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Franklin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y g\u1eb7p nhau. Th\u1eadt ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00fai kh\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nay h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00eam lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Anh hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c <\/i>s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u1edd \u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd ch\u0103m ch\u00fat thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd say \u0111\u1eafm v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c b\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cam ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng ba, h\u1ea1ng hai, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i tim r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda. \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa Yukichi n\u00f3i. H\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp thu v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim, b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n xem tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00e8o u\u1ed9t th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd suy vong. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ph\u1ed3n vinh.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ban Tu th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa Sen cho ra \u0111\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c <\/i>b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ba n\u0103m n\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n s\u1ebd k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: 150 N\u0103m Duy t\u00e2n Meiji.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 giang s\u01a1n v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111i qua. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 loay hoay t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi tinh hoa ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi keimo <\/i>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh hoa ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: L\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3i th\u1eddi gian ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c <\/i>s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh best-seller \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edf quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y kho b\u00e1u tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

NXX<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016<\/p>\n

\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: \u6cf0\u5e73\u306e\/ \u7720\u308a\u3092\u899a\u307e\u3059\/ \u4e0a\u559c\u64b0\/ \u305f\u3063\u305f\u56db\u676f\u3067\/ \u591c\u3082\u7720\u308c\u305a;Taihei no\/ nemuri o samasu\/ j\u014dkisen\/ Tatta shihai de\/ yoru mo nemurezu. (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Xin xem th\u00eam \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m TINH TH\u1ea6N T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb \u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh   M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Fukuzawa Yukichi   Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hoan ngh\u00eanh Ban tu th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa Sen xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[12,41,42],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/462\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}