{"id":4992,"date":"2021-01-30T17:15:23","date_gmt":"2021-01-30T10:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=4992"},"modified":"2022-11-23T09:17:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-23T02:17:59","slug":"cuoc-hoa-rong-va-gioi-tinh-hoa-ky-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/cuoc-hoa-rong-va-gioi-tinh-hoa-ky-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

CU\u1ed8C H\u00d3A R\u1ed2NG V\u00c0 GI\u1edaI TINH HOA K\u1ef8 TR\u1eca<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean kh\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Th\u00e2n Nh\u00e2n Trung<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o b\u1ecb tu\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t d\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd xa l\u00eca kh\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexander von Humboldt\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n XIII to\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/em> trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i coi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em>, chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c; b\u1edfi h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u201ctinh hoa\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea7m cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.”<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

\u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. C\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/em>, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 h\u1ecd th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u1edbi cho khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n <\/strong>s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 31-1-2012 – nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIII – c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t hay “Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21: Qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/strong>” \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

Xem online:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/cuoituan.tuoitre.vn\/van-de-su-kien\/muon-hoa-rong-phai-phat-trien-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe-1575936.html<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng qu\u00fd h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Sau b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ch\u00fang ta (2017)<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

S\u1ee9c \u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2019)<\/i><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

v\u00e0 b\u00e0i Francis Bacon-Fukuzawa Yukichi-(Trung Hoa) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/span> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam – H\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y mai<\/em><\/span> s\u1eafp ra m\u1eaft (2021).<\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00e1ng 5, 2021<\/em>: B\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng theo \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:<\/p>\n

Francis Bacon \u2013 Fukuzawa Yukichi – (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam – H\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y mai<\/em> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch<\/i> VI\u1ec6T NAM \u2013 H\u00d4M NAY v\u00e0 NG\u00c0Y MAI<\/a><\/p>\n

[1] <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Anh qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, 17, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 d\u1ef1a l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn, bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1eb7n\u201d. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lan t\u1ecfa sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, sang Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa di\u1ec5n ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Anh, r\u1ed3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong khoa h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 d\u0129 c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n. H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng\u00a0 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung k\u00edch\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o hi-tech t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i xin chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd.<\/p>\n

[2]
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Ph\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong>. Ph\u1ed5 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n sau khi thua tr\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Napoleon ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u00e0 vua l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 Wilhelm von Humboldt nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, t\u1eeb trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (Wissenschaft) l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sao ch\u00e9p, t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra Ph\u1ed5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Alexander von Humboldt, em c\u1ee7a Wilhelm. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua. Hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i cao tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Adolf von Harnack, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Vua Wilhelm II th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u1ed9i Max Planck (Gesellschaft), hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ed3m tr\u00ean 80 vi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\" \u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\n

Wilhelm von Humboldt (1967-1853) v\u00e0 Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Adolf Harnack (1851-1930)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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“<\/span>M<\/strong><\/span>\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh \u0111\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu cho n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn trong l\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt. Trong khi m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf suy t\u00e0n trong b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t Caesar c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i c\u00e0y trong c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Epaminondas (t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Hy l\u1ea1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e0n tay m\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra cho thi\u00ean t\u00e0i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u2026 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

“<\/span>C<\/strong><\/span>u\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u2026bi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lan nhanh, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 ph\u00e1 v\u1edf c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eafng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p (c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i <\/span>August von Gneisenau<\/strong> (1760\u20131831) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC <\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3<\/em><\/strong>. B\u00ean kia b\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c trong khoa h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c tranh kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Franklin Roosevelt khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0o l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1eafp k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i: L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho Vannevar Bush, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Bush l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Manhattan ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Vannevar Bush (kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Bush) \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u00e2ng s\u1edb\u201d l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cScience \u2013 The Endless Frontier\u201d, \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Theo \u00f4ng,<\/p>\n

-Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tri th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh t\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf;<\/p>\n

-Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (\u0111\u00fang theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt);<\/p>\n

-C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c<\/em> (partnership) chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Bush l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi-t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a<\/em> v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay c\u1ea3 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00f4m \u0111\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi ai tr\u1eeb n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Vannevar Bush (1890-1974) v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y differential analyzer<\/em> do \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1927, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n analog c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi 18 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi Memex (c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ean As We may think<\/em> n\u0103m 1945 \u1edf t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed The Atlantic<\/em>), Bush c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean Douglas Engelbart – cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/em> ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1968 t\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi (Xem D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> trong B\u00ed m\u1eadt Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Bush l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Truman n\u0103m 1944 (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Big Science trong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (kinh t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. James B. Conant, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Harvard l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (National Defense Research Committee, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft NDRC, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1940) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i khi nghe b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. [\u2026] S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Bush b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 binh s\u0129; h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean (employees) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong>. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, Yoshio Nishina, t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u201d v\u00e0 mang theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Werner Heisenberg v\u00e0 Paul Dirac v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i 1920. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cChristopher Columbus c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh V\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d. Hideki Yukawa, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1949, cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nishina th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. Tomonaga, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i Nobel th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ebft trong \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n: \u201c\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd\u201d. V\u00e2ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nishina, \u201chai nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y (v\u1eeba n\u00f3i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t\u201d. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i Nobel \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng<\/em> v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. (Xem T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa s\u1eafp t\u1edbi)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yoshio Nishina (1890-1951)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb (technocrats) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 si\u00eau-k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 K. Y. Yin (k\u1ef9 s\u01b0) v\u00e0 K. T. Li (nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c Hoa t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Cornell (Sho-chieh tsiang v\u00e0 Ta-chung Liu), Yale (John Fei), v\u00e0 Princeton (Gregory Chow). L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf (economic bureaucrats) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Trong s\u1ed1 44 nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 1960 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 43 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; 52% c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng cao sau c\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 9% c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ngay trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf TQ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i sang M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng cho TQ th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn. Sau 1949 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa.<\/p>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, h\u1ecd l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cao<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp (catch-up). N\u0103m 1979 khi Sun Yun-suan (T\u00f4n V\u1eadn Tuy\u1ec1n), m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00e0i Loan, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n hi-tech, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u00d4ng giao cho Li Kwoh-ting (1910-2001), vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft K.T. Li (L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh), m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em> cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u00ean STAG (Science and Technology Advisory Group), \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf. STAG chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia cao c\u1ea5p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Bell Labs, IBM v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u00e1c \u201cs\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d (foreign monks). C\u00e1c s\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Nh\u00f3m g\u1eb7p nhau hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn IC: VLSI (Very large-scale integrated circuits). Nh\u00f3m STAG qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u00e0i Loan kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m m\u1ed3i\u201d cho c\u00e1c cty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u0103m 1984, \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c VLSI \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c m\u1edbi trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan (v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c). C\u00e1c \u201cs\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d c\u0169ng gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o khu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, STAG c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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Li Kwoh-ting (L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh, 1910 \u2013 2001), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

K.T. Li ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o New York Times<\/em> \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u201cCha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan, gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. Li t\u1eebng gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean-b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p cao cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Li c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00e0i Loan ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0110\u00e0i Loan t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ICT nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi<\/em>. H\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp<\/em> (catch-up) cho \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, \u0110\u00e0i Loan n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em> c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p <\/em>ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tinh hoa nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, mua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c startups t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ITRI l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a ITRI.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u0103m 1980, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac (Hsinchu), c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac<\/em> HSIP (Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park, hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft Khu Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac, HSP) d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, California. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thanh Hoa v\u00e0 Giao Th\u00f4ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Thung l\u0169ng Silicon n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford v\u00e0 UC Berkeley. \u00a0H\u01a1n 16.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf HSP l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ITRI t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973, trong \u0111\u00f3 81% v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 5.000 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ITRI, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Morris Chiang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a TSMC, l\u00e0 Cty b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i loan sau n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; Robert Tsao (ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch UMC), v\u00e0 Ming-Kai Tsai (ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch MediaTek). Morris Chiang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e0i Loan ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai th\u1ee9 hai (second mover) l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p cho cho Thung l\u0169ng Silicon n\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty chip kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (fabless companies).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh hai \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u1ea7u 21. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 sau 2 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IT c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 Singapore v\u00e0 Malaysia, hay Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e0i Loan cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, chung v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ebfu bay<\/em> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Akamatsu. (Xem chi ti\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/em> trong s\u00e1ch B\u00ed m\u1eadt Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em> s\u1eafp xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u201cbi\u1ebft n\u00f3i\u201d. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb tinh hoa tham gia trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i am t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd qui ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, trung th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Iwakura di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 1871-73. V\u1edbi con m\u1eaft s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m ch\u1ea5t men khai s\u00e1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1ch quan, \u00f3c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n. Y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia-\u0111i-sau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y tr\u00ean c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a theo \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng l\u00e0m m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i bao l\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi tinh hoa k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tinh hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em> (developmental) kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh “d\u1eabn d\u1eaft” v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 “ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng hoa, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean kh\u00ed, l\u00e0 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecd. H\u00e3y “Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c”, \u0111\u1eebng “h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh h\u00f3a” m\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng can thi\u1ec7p th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o. Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00ean k\u1ef3 t\u00edch m\u1edbi”. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng Rhine c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, k\u1ef3 t\u00edch v\u1ecbnh San Francisco c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 (Thung l\u0169ng Silicon), k\u1ef3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ef3 t\u00edch T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, k\u1ef3 t\u00edch “S\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec3n” c\u1ee7a Singapore, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 t\u00edch g\u00ec? Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 1.587 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u0110H \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3: -Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 4,47%; – Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 12,54%; -Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 54,69%;-Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 32,77%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u00e3y nghe c\u1ef1u b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Singapore Shanmugaratnam t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Fareed Zakaria c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch “B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng”, r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 (tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3i) nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/em> (talent meritocracy), ph\u00eda ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i thi c\u1eed<\/em> (exam meritocracy). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, tham v\u1ecdng. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tri th\u1ee9c quy \u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Singapore ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb M\u1ef9.\u201d<\/p>\n

Xem T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng?(2018)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n xa. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u00e1n ra h\u00e0ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, trong khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ra t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n. Tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc? V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tokugawa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 h\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Xem T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch? (2012)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?(2019)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?(2020)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m th\u1ebf cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u00edt s\u00e1ch, \u00edt ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 \u00edt x\u0103ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb quy k\u1ebft l\u00e0 “d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o”, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Xem Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (2018)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (2016)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. X\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, th\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 bay theo c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

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T<\/span>RONG<\/span><\/span> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y “chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh khi \u00f4ng l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a “ch\u00e9m gi\u00f3” ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng. B\u00e0i Francis Bacon-Fukuzawa Yukichi-(Trung Hoa) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> s\u1eafp t\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i sao khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

C\u1eacP NH\u1eacT 23.11.2022<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Francis Bacon-Fukuzawa Yukichi – (Trung Hoa) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/span><\/p>\n

Francis Bacon – Fukuzawa Yukichi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (2018)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/i> (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n IV c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi?)<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n