{"id":545,"date":"2017-10-01T17:28:07","date_gmt":"2017-10-01T10:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=545"},"modified":"2023-07-28T21:29:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T14:29:06","slug":"vi-sao-toi-viet-nuoc-duc-the-ky-xix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/vi-sao-toi-viet-nuoc-duc-the-ky-xix\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/i>?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u00cc SAO T\u00d4I VI\u1ebeT QUY\u1ec2N S\u00c1CH<\/span><\/h1>\n

N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ee8C TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 XIX<\/i>?<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh\u00a0<\/strong>(2017)<\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span>.<\/i> S\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10, n\u0103m 2017, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n REX l\u1ec5 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3i S\u00e1ch Hay r\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 XIX. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho Gi\u1ea3i S\u00e1ch Hay, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(Xem th\u00eam:N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/i> t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n IV c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi?)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 2004, Vi\u1ec7n Goethe t\u1ea1i TP \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 du h\u1ecdc \u0111ang l\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ham th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 h\u01a1n. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung t\u00e2m VAPEC, Th\u1eddi B\u00e1o Kinh T\u1ebf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, v\u00e0 nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2004, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng L\u00e3nh S\u1ef1 Qu\u00e1n \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i 13 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"NUOC<\/p>\n

Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. R\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u1edbi th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb 2005 tr\u1edf \u0111i: Einstein, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 GS Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ee5y 80 tu\u1ed5i (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 GS \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u00ecnh \u00c1ng 80 tu\u1ed5i), Max Planck, Galilei & Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, Darwin & Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0110H Humboldt 200 n\u0103m, H\u1ea1t HIGGS, th\u00ec quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2016, Cty s\u00e1ch ZENBOOK \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u00e1m \u01a1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ZENBOOK sau h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc c\u00fap v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1954 t\u1ea1i Bern m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c trong c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00e1ch n\u00e1t, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, b\u1ecb thua tr\u1eadn t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f2n k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u201cbig bang\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t tr\u1eadn chua cay tr\u01b0\u1edbc Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady sau bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh, s\u1ed1ng b\u00f3 m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t<\/i>. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 FDI hay ODA, m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111i xa h\u01a1n: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c, hay Humboldt, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, khi Gi\u1ea3i Nobel b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Hitler ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhau: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7; c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i doanh nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh; thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi; c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 350 ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ed1n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d (capital of mind) nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Friedrich List c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00f3i. Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i>, industry, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/i> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd sa v\u00e0o b\u00e3i l\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\"Friedrich

Friedrich List (1789-1864), nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda\u201d c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tinh hoa ra, \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. Peter Beuth l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u00e9t m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"T\u01b0\u1ee3ng

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Beuth (tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 W. v. Humboldt tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 DIN (Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ee9c) t\u1ea1i Berlin, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a Humboldt v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Beuth, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p><\/div>\n

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V\u00ec sao n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/i>, Kulturnation, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u0103m 1871. Weimar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 Athens, v\u1edbi Goethe, Schiller, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Hy L\u1ea1p. Trong c\u01a1n ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 \u201cth\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh\u201d (Aufschwung des Geistes) nh\u01b0 Fichte n\u00f3i. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00ean l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n chinh chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng khi gi\u1edd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi tinh hoa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i La M\u00e3. V\u00ec Hy L\u1ea1p m\u1edbi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o ra khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Goethe, Schiller, Humboldt. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00ean ph\u00fa thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tinh luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Khai s\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd xem khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u00e1 ch\u1ee7\u201d trong h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Anh t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctham chi\u1ebfn\u201d v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00ean h\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ef1c d\u1eady m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 cho n\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. [Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfc thay, sau n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Nietzsche \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u, gi\u1edbi tinh hoa \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai hoang v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang, tr\u1eeb khi vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng, khi m\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh? TS L\u00ea \u0110\u0103ng Doanh, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n Trung cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta m\u00e3i m\u00e3i s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh khai s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Siemens, Krupp, Thyssen, Bayer, nh\u1eefng \u201cti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c zaibatzu<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, hay chaebol<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c sau n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu v\u00ed th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh ch\u1ec9 huy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn x\u00e0i cung t\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng\u201d, nh\u01b0 Abraham Lincoln n\u00f3i trong \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ai c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

30 th\u00e1ng 9, 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u00cc SAO T\u00d4I VI\u1ebeT QUY\u1ec2N S\u00c1CH N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ee8C TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 XIX? Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh\u00a0(2017)   L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10, n\u0103m 2017, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n REX l\u1ec5 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3i S\u00e1ch Hay r\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[45,46],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1765,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions\/1765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}