{"id":5579,"date":"2021-03-28T13:03:17","date_gmt":"2021-03-28T06:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=5579"},"modified":"2021-06-25T12:17:18","modified_gmt":"2021-06-25T05:17:18","slug":"ca-ngoi-ly-tinh-va-khoa-hoc-paul-hazard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/ca-ngoi-ly-tinh-va-khoa-hoc-paul-hazard\/","title":{"rendered":"Ca ng\u1ee3i L\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc (Paul Hazard)"},"content":{"rendered":"

CA NG\u01a0\u0323I LY\u0301 TI\u0301NH va\u0300 <\/em>KHOA HO\u0323C<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb<\/span><\/p>\n

Paul Hazard, European Thought in the Eighteenth Century. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong:<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, r\u1ed3i th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh b\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi tinh hoa tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0a ra nay m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do<\/em>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y; h\u1ecd s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh, h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, s\u1ebd xua tan nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i che l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0, sau khi kinh qua c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn Ch\u00faa, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eddi, ch\u00e2n n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m, \u0111\u00f4i tay dang ra du\u1ed7i t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y sang c\u1ef1c kia. Trong tay ph\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 vung l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp lo\u00e8 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng l\u00ean vu\u0300ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i. L\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. L\u00fd t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n uy, quy\u1ec1n uy l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sai l\u1ea1c. L\u00fd t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i hay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u0103n minh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf Hu-r\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Michigan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em>H\u1ed1t-tan-t\u00f4 k<\/em>h\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t (\u1edf Nam Phi), m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa, \u1edf B\u1eafc, Nam, \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a L\u00fd t\u00ednh. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u00ednh s\u1ebd khai s\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tuy c\u00f3 b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3y b\u0103ng, cha h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a Adam nh\u00f3m l\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u – <\/em>die Aufkl\u00e4rung.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u1ea3i ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ta; ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ta s\u1ebd b\u1ec1n gan, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ta \u1edf tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

PAUL HAZARD<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khai ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Khoa H\u1ecdc<\/i><\/a><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Hazard (1878 – 1944), nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Khai s\u00e1ng, Britannica<\/em> vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m trong Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Francis Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus, v\u00e0 Galileo v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, v\u00e0 Sir Isaac Newton. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Martin Luther c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bacon hay Descartes, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, cho d\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ptolemy trong khoa h\u1ecdc, hay c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c t\u1ef1 do.<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Paul-Hazard<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho Tin l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CA NG\u01a0\u0323I LY\u0301 TI\u0301NH va\u0300 KHOA HO\u0323C Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb Paul Hazard, European Thought in the Eighteenth Century. \u0110o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong: K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n   Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, r\u1ed3i th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh b\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5579"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6322,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5579\/revisions\/6322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}