{"id":5903,"date":"2021-04-30T07:52:41","date_gmt":"2021-04-30T00:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=5903"},"modified":"2023-07-11T16:05:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T09:05:51","slug":"le-xuan-khoa-dai-hoc-mien-nam-truoc-1975","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/le-xuan-khoa-dai-hoc-mien-nam-truoc-1975\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC MI\u1ec0N NAM <\/span>TR\u01af\u1edaC 1975 <\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n

H\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa (<\/a><\/strong>*)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ed1 K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC HUMBOLDT 200 N\u0102M \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2011 t\u1ea1i Nxb Tri Th\u1ee9c, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam. R\u1ea5t may m\u1eafn \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt 200 n\u0103m<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a 50 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, d\u00e0y 800 trang, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc” ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 10 n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00f4 B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Pierre Darriulat \u2013 Cao Huy Thu\u1ea7n – Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ee5y \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh \u2013 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao Gi\u1ea3i S\u00e1ch Hay n\u0103m 2012. Hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm mua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i sinh<\/em> trong \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0i n\u0103m qua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb 1954-1975<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/em>, khai ph\u00f3ng <\/em>l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c (1959), <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u0103m 1967: “V\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>“. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00ean b\u1ea9m cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong c\u00e1i n\u00f4i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 khai ph\u00f3ng trong s\u00e1ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, v\u0103n h\u00f3a khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em>, v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 (Xem s\u00e1ch\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC)<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n “t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0n l\u00e2m” c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p sang “th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang” c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc (1965), Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p (1967) v\u00e0 T\u00fa T\u00e0i I (1973). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129” \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 Albert Einstein n\u00f3i, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh phe ph\u00e1i, hay l\u00f2ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia Ngh\u0129a t\u1eed hay Thi\u1ebfu sinh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh hoa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc M\u00e1c-L\u00ea-nin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p C\u00f4ng An b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00ednh c\u1edfi m\u1edf, khai ph\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, Clark Kerr (1911-2003), ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eebng cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o campus \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. \u00d4ng tin v\u00e0o “tri gi\u00e1c t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (sinh vi\u00ean) trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 M\u1ef9.” (Xem s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng thu ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Tuy qu\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c eo h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u00f9 lao th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 d\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n tr\u00ed t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i “t\u00f4n s\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vinh danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Sau 1975, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh (LQT) t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, sau n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 5 n\u0103m. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba,\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au l\u00f2ng khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111a ng\u00e0nh mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n ng\u00e0nh theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Ch\u1ec9 sau \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111a ng\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 do \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00e1 Kh\u00ea s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, L\u00ea-nin c\u0169ng t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf hay v\u1ee9t \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng t\u1eaft 1.500 n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. Hu\u1ed1ng chi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00f4i th\u00fac ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a J. H. PESTALOZZI<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 Minh Oanh, H\u1ed3 S\u1ef9 Anh, Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc T\u00e0i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ph\u00fa, nxb T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p TP HCM, 2019. S\u1eafp t\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2b50 \u2b50 <\/span>\u2b50<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC MI\u1ec0N NAM <\/span>TR\u01af\u1edaC 1975<\/span><\/h1>\n

L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong>. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975: Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 20 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (1955-1975), ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169, t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp – ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Humboldt – v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>. In this article,\u201cHigher Education in pre-1975 South Vietnam: Retrospective Observations\u201d, the author gives a brief description of the 20-year history of higher education in the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975), which evolved from the old French tradition to the modern American model. Despite the devastating effects of the war, both faculty members and students enjoyed freedom in research, teaching and learning – in line with Humboldt\u2019s tradition – and higher education institutions had been moving steadily towards international standardization. The author\u2019s narrative is illustrated with plenty of concrete examples including his personal experiences.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n<\/p>\n

(\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a NXX, California, kho\u1ea3ng 2016)<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong Ban ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Humboldt 200, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, m\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam cho t\u1eadp K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 200 n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi xa ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean 35 n\u0103m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lo ng\u1ea1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i 15 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cTri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Upanishad\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cThi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n (sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y th\u00eam \u201cV\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0-l\u1ea1t,) t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u1edf B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u00edt c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tr\u1eeb b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Tr\u00ecnh (\u0110H S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n), c\u1ed1 Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1eadp (\u0110H \u0110\u00e0-l\u1ea1t), Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u (\u0110H V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh) v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 B\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Huy (\u0110H S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n). Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TS Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c khi anh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c\u201d, d\u00f9 \u00edt d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Humboldt 200, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh (1945-1975) v\u00e0 35 n\u0103m sau th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam (Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a) t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khung c\u1ea3nh chung c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hai b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00ea Thanh Minh Ch\u00e2u, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eebng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. Tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ghi nh\u1eadn\u00a0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i 20 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Do s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u1eea TRUNG \u01af\u01a0NG T\u1eacP QUY\u1ec0N \u0110\u1ebeN T\u1ef0 TR\u1eca \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sine qua non<\/em> cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 10 trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a n\u0103m 1967 ghi r\u00f5: \u201cN\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng <\/em>trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1958, v\u1edbi ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, khai ph\u00f3ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p sang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9. N\u0103m 1955, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, trong khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trung h\u1ecdc sang Ph\u00e1p tu nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t \u0111i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eedi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean sang Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00dac, T\u00e2n-T\u00e2y-Lan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1950.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1791 (hai n\u0103m sau C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng 1789) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1806 v\u00e0 1808 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Napol\u00e9on I \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trung \u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng hay th\u0103ng ng\u1ea1ch tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, mua s\u1eafm v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hay chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh cho B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u1ec7t k\u00fd. Ri\u00eang ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 do T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua sau m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c Ph\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n theo sau d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1eeba \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho ph\u1ea3t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qua ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, hay gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng (visiting professors) kh\u00f4ng do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p, M\u1ef9, \u00dac, T\u00e2n-T\u00e2y-Lan . . . V\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n khoa, thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh (tr\u1eeb H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng).[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n x\u1ea5u khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Thomas Vallely v\u00e0 Ben Wilkinson trong b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard n\u0103m 2009. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u1ea1 V\u0103n T\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang khi \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u T\u1ef1 do, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam do Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u01b0u t\u00fa kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m g\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p hay ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb 1954 v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111i l\u00e0m hay h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.[2]<\/a> C\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Khoa t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949-1950; b\u00ean Y khoa kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Bi\u1ec3u T\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e0y thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hippocrate.<\/p>\n

\u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, khi ghi trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb,\u201d c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c trao cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, T\u1ed5ng Nha C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Nha Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hay ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn mau ch\u00f3ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng. Do s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o B\u1ed9 ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb hay can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m thi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 khai ph\u00f3ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5: kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n sang Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1eed nh\u00e2n cho Ph\u00e2n khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.\u00a0 Sau khi h\u1ed9i \u00fd v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 (credits) thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1eed nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a. T\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n khi xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch dung h\u00f2a c\u0169-m\u1edbi n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c Ph\u00e2n khoa kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 khi Vi\u1ec7n \u0110H V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00ean B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, B\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cho sinh vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1970, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (hay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p hai n\u0103m) t\u1eeb 1971 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh California Polytechnic State University \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111a khoa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n khoa thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed . . . l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ng\u0169, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1971.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef0 DO H\u1eccC THU\u1eacT V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N CON NG\u01af\u1edcI<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ba b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1970 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 trong qui ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/em> khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em>, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/em> nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. <\/em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/em> d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, <\/em>theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, khai ph\u00f3ng,\u201d ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang m\u1edf mang mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em> l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh n\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chi \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1i minh minh \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1i th\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u01b0 ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n). \u0110\u1ea1o Nho c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u phong ki\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cqu\u00e2n t\u1eed\u201d hay \u201ck\u1ebb s\u0129\u201d th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d th\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/em> nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u00f2a nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i H\u1ed3ng L\u1ea1c qua h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng Ba 1945 v\u00e0 trao tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i\/Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim: n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em> ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng du nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecdc sinh sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc hay trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n h\u1eefu \u00edch cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qua s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1edf th\u00eam hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0-l\u1ea1t, c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong n\u0103m 1957; t\u1eeb 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1972 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 (1966) v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110H V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh (1964), \u0110H Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam (1967), \u0110H H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o (1970), \u0110H Cao \u0110\u00e0i (1971) v\u00e0 \u0110H Minh \u0110\u1ee9c (1972). S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u2014t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u1ed1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u2014cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c l\u1eadp vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c duy\u1ec7t y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam <\/u>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb 1954, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c Ph\u00e2n khoa, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n Khoa, Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m. (\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a GS Khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 V\u0169 V\u0103n M\u1eabu, Nguy\u1ec5n Cao H\u00e1ch, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a 1955-56.)[3]<\/a> Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc theo n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i hay ph\u00e1t b\u00e0i cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 To\u00e1n v\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam b\u1edbt \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i thi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m cao hay th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1960, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i do s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 sau th\u1eddi gian du h\u1ecdc hay tu nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00dac, T\u00e2n-T\u00e2y-Lan, Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1960, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 v\u1eabn \u1edf trong tay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u00e2m ni\u00ean v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. S\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y khoa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t khi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1eabn pha l\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n, \u0111em \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y v\u00e0 in ron\u00e9o cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i thi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p sang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 do Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i tu nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169 tan bi\u1ebfn mau ch\u00f3ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf Y, D\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tra c\u1ee9u th\u00eam nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. B\u00ean Lu\u1eadt khoa, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi du h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ngay v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n m\u1edbi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 kinh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, bang giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb nay, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi ch\u00e9p b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ra y h\u1ec7t (cours magistral), sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tranh lu\u1eadn\u00a0 trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u00f3c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u00ean V\u0103n Khoa th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p hay M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ec1u \u201ctr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf\u201d, t\u1ef1 do gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh\u00a0 (existentialisme) c\u1ee7a Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre v\u00e0 Merleau-Ponty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a Albert Camus hay Simone de Beauvoir l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0 L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Linh m\u1ee5c Kim \u0110\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n trang s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nho\u201d. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Khoa c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda v\u00e0 Linh M\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 TT Th\u00edch M\u00e3n Gi\u00e1c, TT Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng Li\u00ean, LM Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, LM Ho\u00e0ng S\u0129 Qu\u00fd. N\u00f3i chung, d\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u0103n khoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Kant l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, ngay sau khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n B\u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i khai gi\u1ea3ng ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u1ea1 V\u0103n T\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1,\u00a0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u01b0u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Indonesia, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 mau m\u1eafn trao tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qua b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u00e2y \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng chia r\u1ebd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 c\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh cho H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n L\u1ef1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 k\u00fd H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Trung t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Chi\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hay ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n L\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 so v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf th\u00eam khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i d\u1ea1y xa nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n ra Hu\u1ebf hay \u0110\u00e0-l\u1ea1t hay C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh hai, ba ng\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Ph\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1974, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m hai ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i do H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Mandarin Garment Co., m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam-Hong Kong-T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c, trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Khoa. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o di t\u1ea3n v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do, khai ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i du h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u. Khi l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ed5ng l\u00fd V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1965, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n du nh\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1eddi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cWe want to bring the brain in\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Phan Huy Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i. N\u0103m 1971, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 NXB Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1975.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, NXB Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 45 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00f3 30 cu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 : C\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf <\/em>c\u1ee7a Robert T. Holt v\u00e0 John E. Turner, V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00fac d\u1ecbch; S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p<\/em> c\u1ee7a W. Friedman, T\u1ea1 V\u0103n T\u00e0i d\u1ecbch; Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Bang giao Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf <\/em>c\u1ee7a Hans J. Morgenthau, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean; Th\u1ebf Qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00c1 ch\u00e2u <\/em>c\u1ee7a Robert Scalapino v\u00e0 William Griffith, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean H\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch; \u00c1 ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Robert A. Scalapino, Nh\u00f3m To\u00e0n H\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch; V\u0103n minh D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 <\/em>c\u1ee7a Leslie Lipson, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ea3nh d\u1ecbch; Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb <\/em>c\u1ee7a Harold Koontz v\u00e0 Cyril O\u2019Donnell, Tr\u1ea7n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Cung Th\u00fac Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch; X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc <\/em>c\u1ee7a Joseph Fichter, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u0129nh d\u1ecbch; Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> c\u1ee7a John W. Mellor, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng H\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ng\u00e0y mai<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hal Hellman, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Long d\u1ecbch; K\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> c\u1ee7a John Hohenberg, L\u00ea Th\u00e1i B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a Paul Samuelson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1970, Cung Th\u00fac Ti\u1ebfn, Nguy\u1ec5n Minh H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch, Nguy\u1ec5n Cao H\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, m\u1edbi in xong t\u1eadp I (700 trang) kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1975, ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp b\u00e1n. N\u0103m 1990, khi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n SEARAC g\u1eb7p c\u1ed1 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01a1 Th\u1ea1ch \u1edf New York \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf M\u1ef9, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng Th\u1ea1ch b\u00e1o tin vui l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Samuelson \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00f4i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1975 NXB Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hai ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u01a1m m\u00f9i gi\u1ea5y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cCh\u1eafc l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i.\u201d\u00a0 \u00d4ng Th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 cu\u1eddi x\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, NXB Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Ni Marx, Ni Jesus<\/em> c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel[4]<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng theo Marx, kh\u00f4ng theo Jesus<\/em>. Ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t do Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Quang Kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 V\u0169 Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00f4ng, William Faulkner: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/em> c\u1ee7a Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nha, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 D\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Duy.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n khoa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n khoa, nh\u01b0 Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Acta Medica Vietnamica<\/em>, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/em>, H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 T\u1eadp san Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh<\/em>, V\u0103n Khoa S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eadp san Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u S\u1eed \u0110\u1ecba<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc<\/em> do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n. V\u1ec1 b\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n C\u00e2y C\u1ecf Mi\u1ec1n Nam <\/em>c\u1ee7a GS Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra h\u1ebft danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ban gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng hoa cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt th\u00ec gi\u1edd cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cthink tank\u201d nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Qu\u00ea H\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/em>do GS Nguy\u1ec5n Cao H\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0103n H\u00f3a \u00c1 ch\u00e2u<\/em> (th\u00eam \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh Asian Culture) <\/em>c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 ch\u00e2u, Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i <\/em>do GS Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/em>(th\u00eam \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh Social Development<\/em>) do t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd T\u1eadp san <\/em>c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, T\u1eadp san Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng <\/em>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n Ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh Th\u00fac-Lilienthal<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u00f3m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch H\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm do th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t-Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1955. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 1965 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00f2n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau (1965-1975) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1970.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o theo t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00ec b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam. N\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tru\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi m\u1edf khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i d\u1ea1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1edf th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00e1ch khoa, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 . . . M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, d\u00f9 b\u1eadn d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00eam, v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn qua nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m chung. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1970, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cthink tank\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam trong 20 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, sau 35 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris 1973 gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n phe tham chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00ec\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV, \u0111i\u1ec1u 10, 11 v\u00e0 12)[5]<\/a> th\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi sau cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m Nam H\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra, d\u00f9 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5\u1ec9 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01a1 Th\u1ea1ch hay V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng may l\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan (ti\u1ebfn vi quan, \u0111\u1ea1t vi s\u01b0), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u201cl\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0 h\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Humboldt, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d, \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y? Th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Khoa\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Irvine, California<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, 2010<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Wikipedia<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a\u201d.<\/li>\n
  2. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, Contemporary<\/em> Educational Philosophies in Vietnam,1954-1974, <\/em>lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i University of Southern California, 1974.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00e1 Kh\u00ea, \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975\u201d, trang 152-157, trong Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975<\/em>, Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t Foundation xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, Santa Ana, California, 2006.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    (<\/a>*) Le Xuan Khoa was professor of Oriental philosophy at the University of Saigon (1960-1975), deputy minister of education (1965), and vice president of the University of Saigon (1974-1975). He arrived in the U.S. in 1975, became president of a national agency supporting Southeast Asian refugees and, after his retirement, taught a few years at Johns Hopkins University\u2019s School of Advanced International Studies<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 m\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 Y khoa thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf, Lu\u1eadt khoa thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb 1994 c\u00e1c khoa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia. Sau 30.4.1975, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ban gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh cho Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> \u0110\u00e0i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u T\u1ef1 do ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n GS T\u1ea1 V\u0103n T\u00e0i ng\u00e0y 19.10.2009, \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i trong \u0110\u1eb7c San Lu\u1eadt Khoa 2010<\/em> c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u L\u1ea1c B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Khoa Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Houston, Texas.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a GS V\u0169 V\u0103n M\u1eabu, so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t: Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00ednh, Kinh, T\u00e0i, X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Mathhieu Ricard, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eef cha v\u00e0 con<\/em>, gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 X\u1ee9 s\u1edf bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u<\/em>. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Mathtieu Ricard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. (NXX)<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV, \u0110i\u1ec1u 11 ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNgay sau khi ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn, hai b\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ebd: (1) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1eadn th\u00f9, c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia; (2) b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 900 n\u0103m:<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n