{"id":6581,"date":"2021-10-14T08:25:20","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T01:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=6581"},"modified":"2023-01-17T09:40:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T02:40:05","slug":"hideki-yukawa-nguoi-lu-hanh-co-don","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/hideki-yukawa-nguoi-lu-hanh-co-don\/","title":{"rendered":"Hideki Yukawa – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

HIDEKI YUKAWA<\/span><\/p>\n

NG\u01af\u1edcI L\u1eee H\u00c0NH C\u00d4 \u0110\u01a0N<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh t\u1eb7ng anh Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i\u2026 T\u00f4i mong \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb khai hoang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>HIDEKI YUKAWA<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"File:Hideki<\/p>\n

(\u1ea2nh t\u1eeb t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed doanhnhanplus<\/em>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L<\/strong>\u1edd<\/span>i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span><\/em>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec3n T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa c\u00f3 t\u00ean Tabibito, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh<\/em>, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Wspc, 1982, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung h\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00ean tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i sinh qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Yukawa v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n minh khai s\u00e1ng<\/em> (bunmei kaika) c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u0103m b\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 Tang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i n\u00f4i khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng – cho m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau<\/em>. Hideki Yukawa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ee7 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Yukawa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y texture c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam suy ng\u1eabm. Bao gi\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch?<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/p>\n

(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hideki Yukawa (1907-1981) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n vinh d\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 1949, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng uy t\u00edn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng 42 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi Yukawa l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/em> t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u201chome-made\u201d m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel gi\u00fap h\u00e0n g\u1eafn l\u00f2ng tin \u0111ang suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eeba b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, xin n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Cho t\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/em> n\u0103m 1868, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/em> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tay kh\u00f4ng. <\/em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed3 \u1ea1t khi m\u1edf c\u1eeda.[1]<\/a> Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em> theo ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Commodore Matthew Perry b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 n\u0103m 1853, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Fukuzawa tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cc\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d. H\u1ecd thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Anh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt! (Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e0ng gia, Henri Dyer, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea t\u1eeb Scotland, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng thu\u00ea t\u1eeb Anh qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m; d\u0129 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 samurai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111i h\u1ecdc trong tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c l\u1eeda y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd c\u0103m gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau quan t\u00e2m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, chuy\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Hantar\u014d Nagaoka (1865-1950). \u00d4ng sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u0103m 1893, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Berlin, Munich v\u00e0 Vienna. N\u0103m 1900, \u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0nh V\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i Paris, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng nghe b\u00e0 Marie Curie thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nagaoka tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1901 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1925. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\"Hantaro\n

Hantar\u014d Nagaoka (1865-1950)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ti\u00ean phong th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nagaoka tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Tuy th\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u1edf \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u0103m 1888, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, g\u1eedi cho th\u1ea7y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tanakadate, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf Glasgow, Scotland, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, d\u00f9 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft \u0111au \u0111\u00e1u, tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi yattya hottya<\/em> (t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i) trong v\u00f2ng 10 ho\u1eb7c 20 n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng qua vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb jigoku<\/em> (\u00e2m ph\u1ee7). M\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng kia l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u1eb1m canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 ngang b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfm s\u0129 xung tr\u1eadn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, hay gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng cho t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/em> c\u0169ng \u1edf trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u Fukoku ky<\/em>\u014d<\/em>hei<\/em>, “ph\u00fa qu\u1ed1c, c\u01b0\u1eddng binh\u201d, d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00ec, h\u00e3y xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Trung Hoa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u1eeba d\u00e3y d\u1ee5a trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh nha phi\u1ebfn 1840 tr\u01b0\u1edbc binh l\u1ef1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, khi th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, khi th\u00ec \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d. H\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em>, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n minh ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u0169 b\u1ecf Trung Hoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 quay sang T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Hantar\u014d Nagaoka. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Iwakura<\/em> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng sang M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm khai s\u00e1ng<\/em> cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nagaoka b\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb con, \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y con \u00f4ng thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p (calligraphy), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Anh qu\u1ed1c trong \u0111o\u00e0n Iwakura, \u00f4ng mua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0169, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Anh, cho c\u00e1c con \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u00ean khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt, \u00f4ng xin l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sai. \u201cB\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a con, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con \u0111i sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1eadu con trai t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 con c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. V\u00ec b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y con, con ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh.\u201d Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u2018ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Nagaoka \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong thi\u00ean h\u00f9ng ca phi\u00eau l\u01b0u th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 l\u1eafm. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Anh. H\u1ecd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m thay th\u1ebf Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo, Nagaoka m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng s\u1ee3, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/em>, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y chua ch\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng, hay t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb con. V\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u00d4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf \u00f4ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. Sau khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Trung Hoa c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, la b\u00e0n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u0111en m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch v.v. th\u00ec \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho khoa h\u1ecdc, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1ea5y l\u00e0 xung l\u1ef1c<\/em> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nagaoka d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vinh d\u1ef1 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Physiques et d\u2019Histoires Naturelles<\/em> \u1edf Geneva n\u0103m 1901; fellow danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i v\u1eadt l\u00fd Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4n, h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Marie Curie, H. A. Lorentz. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge trao t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng danh d\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1925, nh\u1eefng vinh d\u1ef1 m\u00e0 cha \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng mua cho con m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u0169 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi Nagaoka, ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u201cnh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch\u201d Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, tuy \u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho c\u1ea3 Yukawa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia Tokyo v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia Kyoto chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1900 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cbinh ch\u1ee7ng\u201d v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1967, khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Yukawa nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean trung h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 1920, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbn (nh\u01b0 Hantar\u014d Nagaoka).\u201d H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t xong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, tuy c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u xung l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac n\u0103m 1929, Nagaoka \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, v\u00ec sao Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac \u1edf tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 x\u00f3t xa khi th\u1ea5y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1eabn h\u00e3y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111i l\u01b0\u1ee3m tr\u1ea5u, c\u00e1m\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. \u201cYou guys, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac \u0111i<\/em>\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i Nobel Tomonaga sau n\u00e0y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hideki Yukawa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, tr\u00ean l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u00ean. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em> t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft h\u1ea1t meson<\/em> n\u0103m 1934, \u0111\u1ec3 15 n\u0103m sau, 1949, \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i Nobel vinh quang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nagaoka l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u201cqua vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u00e2m ph\u1ee7\u201d.<\/p>\n

Yukawa xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n v\u0103n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cNh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Trong khi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i may m\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng gian kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i\u2026 T\u00f4i mong \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb khai hoang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ham th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch Trung Hoa, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean trang l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y (t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Sanshiro<\/em> c\u1ee7a Natsume Soseki, n\u0103m 1908) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng \u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u1edbi t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt gi\u00e0 nua.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 xung quanh \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia \u00edt gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y L\u00e3o t\u1eed v\u00e0 Trang t\u1eed, v\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh t\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo \u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng k\u1ec3, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 bi quan c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng c\u00e0ng r\u00fat s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u00f4ng th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh, hay b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m. (Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, quan h\u1ec7 nam n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5.)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i bi quan gh\u00ea g\u1edbm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, khi \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u00c2u ch\u00e2u t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ludwig Boltzmann). \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t s\u1ef1 r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf n\u00fat th\u1eaft<\/em> cho nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u00fap \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 \u201ctr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m\u201d, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 bi quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 bi quan trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Bi quan \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd, criticism, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngoan ngo\u00e3n nghe theo, nh\u01b0 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Yukawa tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan\u201d gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Yukawa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec sao Yukawa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 g\u1ed1c\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, tinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t. Yukawa l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u1edbm n\u1ea3y n\u1edf b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong s\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u201cgi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d, hay b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Hideki \u0111i ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u01b0u t\u01b0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00e0 Trang T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i koan<\/em> trong Zen, \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ckhai m\u1edf\u201d v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u201cnowhere\u201d, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cbig bang\u201d l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1eeb trong t\u01b0 duy, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong kinh Kim Cang: \u201cT\u1eeb c\u00f5i h\u01b0 v\u00f4, tinh th\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u201d (\u201cOut of nowhere the mind comes forth\u201d). \u201cM\u00e1u thanh ni\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y trong t\u00f4i\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft. \u201cSau n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o-Trang v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. M\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 Albert Einstein \u2013 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00f9 Tang. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Yukawa m\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i. Tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Yukawa ch\u01b0a quan t\u00e2m m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e0y l\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"18<\/p>\n

Einstein t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1922<\/p>\n

Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o thu n\u0103m 1922, theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, Kaizosha<\/em>. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u201cTi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Einstein \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ai hi\u1ec3u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Jun Ishiwara, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Berlin v\u1edbi Einstein, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Kobe \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Hantar\u014d Nagaoka, Aoya Kuwaki. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kaizo <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t \u201cS\u1ed1 b\u00e1o Einstein\u201d r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh Einstein l\u1edbn tr\u00ean trang \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Einstein v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Torahiko Terada, Kinnosuke Ogura, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00fac Einstein \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Tokyo th\u00ec ngay ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Einstein thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia Tokyo, Senai, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kei\u014d (c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Yukichi Fukuzawa th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u0103m gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n! (c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1eafp \u0111\u00f4i, v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yukawa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y c\u00f2n th\u00edch to\u00e1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe t\u00ean Albert Einstein, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng phai m\u1edd: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Shinichiro Kudo b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng: \u201cC\u1eadu s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Einstein\u201d khi Yukawa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng Yukawa r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0 h\u01b0 th\u1eadt th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt hay h\u01b0, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ai, nh\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec7n Trang T\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Einstein qu\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng mong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Kudo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0, theo \u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u1ebft r\u1ea1n\u201d trong h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p Prudhomme: \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ecd b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y qu\u1ea1t va ch\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. V\u1ebft r\u1ea1n l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia c\u00e1i l\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 v\u1ee1\u201d. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Albert<\/p>\n

Einstein v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 Elsa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, Tokyo, v\u1edbi ban gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

\u00a0(\u1ea2nh: Albert Einstein Archives\/HUJ)<\/small><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Einstein, cho th\u1ea5y Einstein \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, t\u00ecm c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kia. Th\u00e1ng 12, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Kyoto, Einstein di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u2018nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Kyoto l\u00e0 n\u01a1i hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. “C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Kyoto, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Einstein … <\/span>Thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0103n minh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Kyoto \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7”, Yukawa ghi l\u1ea1i. <\/span><\/span>Einstein nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y ra c\u01a1n l\u0169. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/em> thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 hi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt Einstein, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yukawa k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a s\u1eb3n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Einstein, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nghe n\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Einstein t\u1ea1i Kyoto l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i v\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a qua t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh th\u1edd \u01a1.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p Einstein m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m sau, khi \u00f4ng 32 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1i Brussels. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Yukawa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft meson<\/em>. R\u1ed3i sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, t\u1ea1i Princeton, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Einstein t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Yukawa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Einstein nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Einstein ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Einstein, Yukawa v\u00e0 Wheeler t\u1ea1i Princeton n\u0103m 1954<\/p>\n

(3)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukawa th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi; v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o th\u1ed5i, con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ea3y qua, ngay c\u1ea3 cha t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh \u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng quay sang chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng hay kh\u00f4ng, hay l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e2y quanh \u00f4ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1?<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng im l\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trung h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng tham gia c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 thao kia m\u00e0. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111ang m\u1edf ra trong \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng. N\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean Seishikan<\/em>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng\u201d. Tr\u00e1i tim \u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t an b\u00ecnh trong t\u00e2m, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u1ea1n ch\u00ed th\u00e2n, c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i ra bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. \u0110i \u0111\u00e2u, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng l\u00e0 con thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i. Khi sau n\u00e0y d\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Kamakura t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Kamakura,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong l\u0169ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i d\u1ea1o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. M\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a, hay h\u00f2a tan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00fa \u0111i d\u1ea1o r\u1eebng n\u00fai r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mai m\u1ed1i (b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng), ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u00f4ng, Sumi Yukawa, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u00f4ng: \u201cT\u00f4i h\u01a1i lo l\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y qu\u00e1 im l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00f3c c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho anh.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Yukawa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. Ngay Yukawa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng. Do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1edf c\u1ea5p ba trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i theo n\u00f3. Yukawa r\u1ea5t m\u00ea gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3i xong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch hay th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi ti\u1ec7m s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn Maruzen \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Sanjo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 to\u00e1n. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 mua ngay quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Fritz Reiche, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh. Tuy v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\"About<\/p>\n

Yukawa trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y 1933 – 1939 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia Osaka<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Max Planck l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/em>, theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p vi m\u00f4 di\u1ec5n ra theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p. R\u1ed3i Einstein ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Planck c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf\u201d trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Reiche n\u0103m 1925[4]<\/a>, th\u00ec \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai: C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, v\u1edbi Heisenberg. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft s\u00f3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a de Broglie ra \u0111\u1eddi. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Reiche k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u0111ang bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u01b0 duy gi\u00fap soi s\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa khi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 Yukawa th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch hay c\u1ed5 v\u0169 l\u1edbn lao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/em> c\u1ee7a Max Planck b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Marutamachi, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khu \u201cS\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d. H\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 M\u00e4dchen (c\u00f4 g\u00e1i), Onkel (\u00f4ng c\u1eadu) nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Max Planck, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng, tuy \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Berlin n\u0103m 1939, d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1eb7p Planck, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II s\u1eafp n\u1ed5 ra, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eddi gian trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kyoto, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Tomonaga. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u201cth\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp\u201d, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cm\u1ed9ng m\u01a1\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 qua.Trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Osaka n\u0103m 1929, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian Yukawa \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u – 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay. (\u1ea2nh: trong s\u00e1ch Japan from prehistory to modern times<\/em> c\u1ee7a John Whitney Hall, 1968.)<\/p>\n

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\"Osaka<\/p>\n

Giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Osaka n\u0103m 1929, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian Yukawa \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u – 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay. (Ngu\u1ed3n Osaka.com)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh: Berlin c\u0169ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, n\u01a1i Einstein t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n

\"Old<\/p>\n

(\u1ea2nh Pinterest)<\/p>\n

Hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du Iwakura 1871-1873 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 50 n\u0103m, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thanh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng<\/em> c\u00f3 ODA l\u1eabn FDI – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng v\u00ed, 1926, v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 con t\u00e0u l\u1edbn \u0111ang d\u1eb1ng x\u1ed1c b\u1edfi c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Hay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em> t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh: Hantar\u014d Nagaoka c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tokyo. \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Nagaoka mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0, v\u1eadt l\u00fd, 20 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m lay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2m t\u01b0 Yukawa, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng linh c\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Fritz Reiche.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecdc say m\u00ea v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecdc Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, Max Born, Paul Dirac, ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Sau ba n\u0103m \u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Dirac. \u00d4ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Sau ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ctinh th\u1ec3 pha l\u00ea b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201ch\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng pha l\u00ea\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, nghi ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u1eb7p t\u1edbi \u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d4ng bi quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129. N\u1ed7i ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n r\u00fat lui, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh. C\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea5u. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i tu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 qua \u0111i. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u0103ng say \u201cv\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f2n \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u1eeb Ernest Rutherford. \u00d4ng \u0111ang \u1edf tu\u1ed5i sung s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: 22. Tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i: B\u1ed1n trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng: Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli v\u00e0 Enrico Fermi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900-1902, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng tu\u1ed5i 23 v\u00e0 24. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu 1929, Heisenberg v\u00e0 Dirac, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Yoshio Nishina, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t \u0111i. Kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i khi chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y giam m\u00ecnh trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1eb3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ai. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(5)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u201cthi\u00ean th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u\u201d, nh\u1ea5c \u00f4ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, bi quan v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. \u00a0\u00d4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft h\u00f4n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Sumi Yukawa, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd Yukawa c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ee3. Sumi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng minh v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nhan s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 n\u00e0ng Ki\u1ec1u. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 23 c\u00e1i xu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4 c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft tinh \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn ch\u00e0ng th\u01b0 sinh \u201cphi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n l\u00e0m sao trong \u1ea3nh\u201d nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u201ctrao th\u00e2n g\u1eedi ph\u1eadn\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tamaki th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, Yukawa s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i hay sao? Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\"Sumi<\/p>\n

Sumi v\u00e0 Hideki Yukawa<\/p>\n

(\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a AIS)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, 1932, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em>: h\u1ea1t neutron b\u00ed \u1ea9n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1; r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1t positron, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Dirac \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1928, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t: c\u00e1c proton v\u00e0 c\u00e1c neutron.<\/p>\n

Yukawa t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean proton v\u00e0 neutron. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. L\u1ef1c n\u00e0o gi\u1eef ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau? Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh<\/em>, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1932-34. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t l\u1eef h\u00e0nh mang m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng leo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed1c. T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 v\u1ee3 cho \u00f4ng \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. \u201cT\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, b\u1edfi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ra c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00f3 xa nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 khi t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d M\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1i lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1934 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kyoto \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Fermi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 beta \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft \u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111ang \u1ea5p \u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t neutron khi ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t proton th\u00ec m\u1ed9t electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t proton khi ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t neutron th\u00ec m\u1ed9t positron b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Pauli tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 theo Pauli, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t n\u1eefa ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 neutrino. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c neutron v\u00e0 proton ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 \u201cn\u00e9m b\u1eaft\u201d m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1ea3 banh\u201d g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i electron (hay position) v\u00e0 neutrino. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t photon c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng qua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Yukawa li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pion (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u03c0<\/em>) hay pi-meson? Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u1eb7p (electron, neutrino) nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i banh trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t neutron v\u00e0 proton. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi, kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi neutrino. Khi \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (nuclear force field), th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 10, 1934, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p 0.02 trillion ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a centim\u00e9t, c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pion t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau \u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng 200 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a electron. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 100 tri\u1ec7u electron volt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tin. \u00d4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i to\u00e1n-v\u1eadt l\u00fd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GS Nishina, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, khen ng\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng h\u1ed1i th\u00fac: \u201cAnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111i, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u201cnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111ang d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n tr\u00e0 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i g\u00ec c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d. <\/em>L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Yukawa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 27 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1947, t\u1ee9c 13 n\u0103m sau, h\u1ea1t pion m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C. F. Powell v\u00e0 G. Occhialini t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tia v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e2m v\u00e0 trung h\u00f2a. N\u0103m 1949, Yukawa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1940, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kyoto, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi khi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u n\u0103m 1970.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 meson c\u1ee7a Yukawa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan<\/em>, 17 (1935), trang 48-57 (T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yukawa Hall Archival Library, Kyoto University; tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Yoshio Nishina, Father of Modern Physics in Japan<\/em> c\u1ee7a Dong-Won Kim, trang 85)<\/p>\n

(6)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em>, ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Yukawa t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n Duy t\u00e2n, \u00f4ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2, \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0, r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o xung quanh. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang. C\u00f3 l\u00fac bi quan, c\u00f3 l\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c, qua t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, qua s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Einstein t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n thay nhau b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai cao, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n trong c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1c n\u00e9t t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d nh\u01b0 trong ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong sinh nh\u1eadt 60 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Max Planck.[6]<\/a> Yukawa c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

“Tinh th\u1ea7n Yukawa”<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Hideki Yukawa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka<\/p>\n

Yukawa kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, Trang T\u1eed, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, v\u00ec L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t Truy\u1ec7n Genji<\/em> (Tale of Genji), m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u1eef v\u0103n s\u0129 Murasaki Shikibu m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, \u0111\u1ea7u 11, v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef c\u1ed5 kana<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch Genji<\/em>. B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00e0nh hai t\u1eadp.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u00f4ng quay sang c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp th\u0103m Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn \u201cTr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 T\u01b0 duy tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Pythagoras v\u00e0 Democritus, hay Einstein, m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, trong khi Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hideki Yukawa c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1eeda c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Prometheus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u201cc\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i\u201d ti\u00ean phong chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/em> c\u1ee7a Fritz Reiche l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho Yukawa. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, hay m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch<\/em>. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khai s\u00e1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Einstein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft n\u0103m 1922 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n! N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u khai s\u00e1ng<\/em>, \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng ph\u00fat s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1edd \u1ea3o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecb tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Prometheus cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

NXX<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 7, 2017<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong b\u00e0i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

–The Emergence of Japan\u2019s First Physicists<\/em>: 1868-1900 c\u1ee7a Kenkichiro Koizumi. Ngu\u1ed3n: Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences<\/em>, Vol. 6 (1975), pp iv, 3-108. University of California Press. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd b\u00e1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n;<\/p>\n

-Dong-Won Kim, Yoshio Nishina, Father of Modern Physics in Japan<\/em>. Taylor & Francis, 2007. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nishina l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean Yukawa v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Xin xem th\u00eam Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em>, https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/phan-chau-trinh-viet-nam-va-nhat-ban\/<\/a>, trong s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh<\/em> c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh. NXB Tr\u1ebb, 2017.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Xem xem th\u00eam Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em> trong s\u00e1ch Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh<\/em> nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Xem th\u00eam EINSTEIN<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh. NXB T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, 2015.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Heisenberg, Schr\u00f6dinger v\u00e0 Dirac. N\u0103m 2025 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 N\u0103m v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Xem Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh, H\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 Ch\u00fang ta<\/em> trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n<\/em>. NXB Tri th\u1ee9c, 2014.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Xem EINSTEIN<\/em>. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, 2015.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Genji<\/em> s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HIDEKI YUKAWA NG\u01af\u1edcI L\u1eee H\u00c0NH C\u00d4 \u0110\u01a0N Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh \u00a0 K\u00ednh t\u1eb7ng anh Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. \u00a0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6581"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6635,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6581\/revisions\/6635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}