{"id":6800,"date":"2021-11-19T19:33:02","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T12:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=6800"},"modified":"2024-07-02T21:30:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T14:30:48","slug":"the-gioi-kinh-doanh-hom-nay-va-triet-ly-cua-shibusawa-eiichi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/the-gioi-kinh-doanh-hom-nay-va-triet-ly-cua-shibusawa-eiichi\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh doanh h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Shibusawa Eiichi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI KINH DOANH CU\u1ed0I C\u00d9NG \u0110\u00c3 <\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1eb4N S\u00c0NG H\u1eccC H\u1eceI MINH TRI\u1ebeT C\u1ee6A <\/span><\/p>\n

SHIBUSAWA EIICHI?<\/span><\/p>\n

Geoffrey Jones v\u00e0 Rei Morimoto<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 05 th\u00e1ng 11, 2021<\/p>\n

\u00a0(Courtesy of Harvard Business School)<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch<\/em>: \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Thu Tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n (Mai L\u00fd)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/span>. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u-ngh\u00e8o c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn ra, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a? N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hoang d\u00e3 \u2013 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng? Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n Shibusawa Eiichi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Minh Tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Geoffrey Jones v\u00e0 Rei Morimoto \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf Harvard. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong ph\u1ea7n L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t<\/em>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Shibusawa trong c\u00f9ng ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Shibusawa<\/p>\n

Shibusawa Eiichi (1840-1931)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[I] B\u00e0i b\u00e1o<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Shibusawa Eiichi c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, Geoffrey Jones v\u00e0 Rei Morimoto cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Shibusawa Eiichi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n dung nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean t\u1edd 10.000 y\u00ean (90 USD) \u2013 t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n – b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp n\u0103m nay tr\u00ean NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corp.), phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PBS ho\u1eb7c BBC c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Shibusawa trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean Nikkei, t\u1edd b\u00e1o kinh doanh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Fumio Kishida m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Shibusawa l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nikkei<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay Shibusawa l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Alexander Hamilton c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1840 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1931, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i khi Matthew C. Perry, Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ecbnh Tokyo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i – theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Shibusawa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i (changemaker) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t (observer). L\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1868, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Dai’ichi Bank (First National Bank- Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t). \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Mizuho, \u200b\u200bv\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem Shibusawa l\u00e0 Alexander Hamilton[1]<\/a> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Alexander Hamilton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (pop-culture[2]<\/a>) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Shibusawa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong m\u1ed9t v\u1edf nh\u1ea1c k\u1ecbch Broadway v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Shibusawa s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i Hamilton, v\u00e0 sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 500 c\u00f4ng ty. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Lan t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh gappon<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m m\u1edbi. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn c\u0169 coi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, Shibusawa cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua kinh doanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hy sinh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Shibusawa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gapponshugi<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kanji<\/em> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. T\u1eeb gappon k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ga<\/em>: “t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i” v\u00e0 pon<\/em>: “v\u1ed1n”, nh\u01b0ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a pon<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Shibusawa mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty do \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 zaibatsu<\/em> do gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Mitsubishi v\u00e0 Mitsui, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Shibusawa Eiichi t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Tokiwabashi, c\u1ea1nh s\u00f4ng Nihombashi, Tokyo<\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a stakeholder capitalism (<\/strong>\u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d) l\u1ea1i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gapponshugi c\u1ee7a Shibusawa c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi stakeholder capitalism[3]<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y-b\u1edfi-m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch ng\u00e0y nay 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec. Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c trung gian. \u00d4ng hi\u1ebfm khi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi \u00f4ng ra \u0111i. .<\/p>\n

Sau khi Shibusawa qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1931, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111ang tham chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c zaibatsu<\/em> l\u1edbn \u2014 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn \u2014 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty gappon. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty do Shibusawa th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi gapponshugi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng M\u1ef9 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c zaibatsu<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00a0c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e9o r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf h\u01a1n x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i Shibusawa. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi bong b\u00f3ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. \u0110\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty.. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (ESG, enviromental, social and governance), nh\u01b0ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tranh c\u00e3i do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn chung y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1eef, v.v.<\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o B Corp[4]<\/a> c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 – n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2021, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 4.026 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n B Corps t\u1ea1i 77 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7 c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp thu l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Shibusawa trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hai CEO Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, Shibusawa mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c – m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ESG). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady:<\/p>\n

Takashi Tsukamoto, c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Mizuho<\/span>. <\/strong>Tsukamoto xem t\u01b0 duy n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Shibusawa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n; v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Sao B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u” (M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh, ND). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (CFO) c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Mizuho khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008 di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau (stakeholders) c\u1ee7a Mizuho sau n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Shibusawa \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

“Thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra Sao B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea9u v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u00f3”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Takeshi Niinami, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Suntory Holdings v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u CEO c\u1ee7a Lawson<\/span>.<\/strong> V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i Lawson, Niinami \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1915 c\u1ee7a Shibusawa, The Analects and the Abacus (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh). C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Shibusawa khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 xa h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Niinami nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. \u00d4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Lawson cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, Niinami \u01b0u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n l\u1ed7 100 tri\u1ec7u USD. Ch\u1ec9 11 ng\u00e0y sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng Lawson trong khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

“B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Lawson v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh”, Niinami n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng – m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>: https:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item\/is-the-business-world-finally-ready-for-the-wisdom-of-shibusawa<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Geoffrey Jones l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kinh doanh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Isidor Straus. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch: L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p xanh <\/em>(Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Rei Morimoto m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh doanh Harvard – HBS (2021).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb Thu Tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n (Mai L\u00fd)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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[II] L\u1edcI B\u1ea0T<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo Shibusawa, doanh nh\u00e2n \u2013 entrepreneur, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u2212 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/em>, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/em>, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/em>, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u00e0n t\u00ednh<\/em> (abacus). \u00d4ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a Samurai (bushid\u014d) trong th\u1eddi kinh doanh m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd suy gi\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu gakumon<\/em> \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c – b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o t\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/em> Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. Th\u1eddi Tokugawa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Ishida Baigan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ishida n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, Dazai Shundai, v\u00e0 Suzuki Shosan. H\u1ecd truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u201cs\u0129 n\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u trong gi\u1edbi samurai nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n hay m\u00f9 qu\u00e1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"Shibusawa<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 \u00a510,000 cao nh\u1ea5t trong ba \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Shibusawa Eiichi, s\u1ebd l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2024, thay cho gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khai s\u00e1ng Yukichi Fukuzawa. V\u1eddi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Shibusawa, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi doanh nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Shibusawa c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u00e0n t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho kinh doanh theo tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh, v\u1ed1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh (loyalty) v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng (public service). Trong su\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng trong vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Shibusawa<\/p>\n

Shibusawa Eiichi l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n

Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1909, Shibusawa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Golden Gate Hall \u1edf San Francisco trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec7 t\u00fdp doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin tinh th\u1ea7n (hay \u201ct\u00e2m linh\u201d, ND) h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, anh ta s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cT\u00f4n gi\u00e1o mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn), v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.\u201d Shibusawa cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Theo Shibusawa, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Peter Drucker quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Shibusawa trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Management<\/em>):<\/p>\n

\u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Shibusawa Eiichi, ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 v\u00e0 80 (c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Shibusawa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Shibusawa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Drucker, Shibusawa l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u00ean phong kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh doanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Thung l\u0169ng Silicon, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean phong th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Hewlett-Packard. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2003, \u0111\u00fang theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Carly Fiorina, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Hewlett-Packard cho bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i – nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eeba l\u00e0m gi\u1ecfi (well) v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t (good) … C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua kinh doanh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kinh doanh – m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ctr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d (corporate social responsibility, CSR) c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 CSR cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (stakeholder) kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh doanh v\u00e0 CSR cho r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xung quanh, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 16, th\u00e1ng 11, 2021<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Shibusawa t\u1ea1i hai b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>:<\/p>\n

-Shibusawa Eiichi: Doanh Nh\u00e2n L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

Shibusawa Eiichi: Doanh Nh\u00e2n L\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n