{"id":6844,"date":"2021-11-27T09:41:30","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T02:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=6844"},"modified":"2022-10-23T17:09:39","modified_gmt":"2022-10-23T10:09:39","slug":"suy-nghi-trong-dem-khuya-park-chung-hee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/suy-nghi-trong-dem-khuya-park-chung-hee\/","title":{"rendered":"“Suy ngh\u0129 trong \u0111\u00eam khuya” (Park Chung Hee)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cSUY NGH\u0128 TRONG \u0110\u00caM KHUYA\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

PARK CHUNG HEE<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
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\"\"<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb [b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc] v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n chaju<\/em> (\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp) v\u00e0 charip<\/em> (t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf) m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. . . V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee<\/strong>, 1971<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee (1917-1979)<\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/span>
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 5, 1961, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang 60 n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i, T\u01b0\u1edbng Park Chung Hee \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u0129 quan \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Nh\u00e0 Xanh, ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Park Chung Hee vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng N\u0103m n\u0103m 1961, khi t\u00f4i l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ch\u00f4m ch\u1ec9a, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Xung quanh t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng th\u1eadt \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n qu\u00e1i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c 18 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Th\u00e1ng 2, 1962, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, \u0111\u0103ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00fang ta<\/em> \u2013 Our Nation\u2019s Path, <\/em>1962. Cu\u1ed9c \u201cC\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111an xen nhau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 sang 1970 l\u00fac Park \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf. D\u00f2ng th\u00e1c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1919 sang th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng L\u00fd Th\u1eeba V\u00e3n, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (HCI) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973 tr\u1edf \u0111i cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 nhau d\u1eef d\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa g\u1ecdng k\u1ec1m s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng thang cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c sau h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Guam n\u0103m 1969 c\u1ee7a Nixon tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e9tente, h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh (v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Park nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Park \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u201ct\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh\u201d cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1. Nh\u00e2n sinh quan m\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0, h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft hy sinh \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i nh\u1ecf b\u00e9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh <\/em>b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>\u201d (\u201csaneop jeonsadeul\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u<\/em> thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 cam go cho t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. \u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kinh t\u1ebf \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d, nh\u01b0 Park tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u201cth\u00f4i th\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chaebol<\/em> n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Park Chung Hee \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 h\u1ecd ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u0169, th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Park \u0111\u1ec1 ra th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cc\u1ee7 c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1eady\u201d h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c chaebol<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau” xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n HCI trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970. Th\u1eddi \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00e2n h\u1eefu”, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 d\u00e1m hy sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Park th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i ba tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1eeb trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia, k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng C\u00f4ng ty li\u00ean h\u1ee3p gang th\u00e9p POSCO t\u1ea1i Pohang t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1970, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Park v\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, khai th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u1edbi xung l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, khai th\u00f4ng th\u1ebf b\u1ebf t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e0o thua \u00f4ng. \u201cTh\u00e9p l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, nh\u01b0 Park n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 th\u00e9p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (HCI) c\u1ee7a Park, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em>. C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng POSCO n\u0103m 1970, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t $119 tri\u1ec7u th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho POSCO l\u00e0 $800 tri\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. D\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra s\u1ed1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Park. Park th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t entrepreneur<\/em> \u2013 doanh nh\u00e2n \u2013 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 \u00a0CEO c\u1ee7a \u201cKorea Inc.\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh POSCO, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201ck\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> (national scientization). T\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang. . .\u201d. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 KIST l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch, ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u00e0 KAIST cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00f4 gic. KIST \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ea7n theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Max Planck Gesellschaft (\u0110\u1ee9c), Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), Vi\u1ec7n Battelle Memorial Institute (Hoa K\u1ef3), National Research Council (Canada). Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng tay kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 samurai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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N<\/span>H<\/span>\u00ccN<\/span> KHU\u00d4N M\u1eb6T R\u00c1M C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C B\u1ea0N, tr\u00e1i tim t\u00f4i tan n\u00e1t<\/span><\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y khi \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eadt t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p! C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 150 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ebfch ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Duisburg th\u00e1ng 12, 1964 nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i CHLB \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vay t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Park Chung Hee l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi h\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ea3nh \u201ctho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7\u201d k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, nh\u01b0 Park nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t. Philippines c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau. N\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Marcos v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n h\u1eefu l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\"Southeast<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh Manila th\u00e1ng 10, 1966, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00dac Harold Holt, Park Chung Hee, Ferdinand Marcos, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Keith Holyoake (New Zealand), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Thanom Kittikachorn (Th\u00e1i Lan) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lyndon B. Johnson. Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1edbn cho t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eefa vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Park kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1<\/em> b\u00e1c b\u1ecf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m lo ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o. “Ch\u1ec9 khi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a 35 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.” Park l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic n\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 sau L\u00fd Th\u1eeba V\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1961 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1868 kh\u00f4ng? C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau: \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1edbn trong gi\u1edbi tinh hoa mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u01a1n tru, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Minh Tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb xem \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i gai v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111i t\u1eaft\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1eaft tay c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a hai qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111i t\u1eaft\u201d, hay \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi di s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, sau m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh thay th\u1ebf M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, trong khi \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra theo \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong\u201d th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n-d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t!<\/em> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 (big push) g\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0m m\u0169. Trong khi \u1edf Philippines, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t! Cu\u1ed9c sinh n\u1edf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh n\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m l\u1edbn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tinh hoa, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee9 th\u1eb3ng ho\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, Park Chung Hee l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ee9c ph\u00e1, th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 18 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Park Chung Hee l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Park v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c. Park Chung Hee kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 18 n\u0103m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh\u201d \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e0n xe tang \u0111\u01b0a linh c\u1eedu \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ngh\u0129a trang qu\u1ed1c gia Seoul, hai tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"Moon<\/p>\n

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Moon Jae-in, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Park Chung-hee trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Seoul v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2017. (Yonhap)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

May m\u1eafn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e0n l\u00e0m sao. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda \u1ea3i hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng sau \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vun x\u1edbi nh\u01b0 di s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun x\u1edbi. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t $100 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964, l\u00fac Park \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a l\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00ean $10 t\u1ef7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Park b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t, trong khi GNP \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng t\u1eeb $80 l\u00ean t\u1edbi $1.000 trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n Park d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t $432 t\u1ef7 trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. N\u0103m 1996, t\u1ee9c 17 n\u0103m sau khi Park Chung Hee m\u1ea5t, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gia nh\u1eadp OECD (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf) – c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 – v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ‘\u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i’ nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Park \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau khi Park Chung Hee qua \u0111\u1eddi, phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n hai cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/em> v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a<\/em>.\u00a0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n<\/em> (Hangang \u016di ky\u014fk) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\"Late<\/p>\n

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Park Chung Hee v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 Yuk Young-soo (The Korea Herald DB).T\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng 15 th\u00e1ng 8, 1974, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p vi\u00ean B\u1eafc H\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1m s\u00e1t Park, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang \u00f4ng m\u00e0 tr\u00fang v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Park l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Park Chung Hee \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thanh \u0111\u1ea1m. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i nghe l\u1eddi t\u00e0i x\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00f4ng qu\u1edf m\u1eafng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 s\u00f4ng Rhine c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 hai qu\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eebng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n \u201ckh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p\u201d tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cn\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng Park nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Park l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 tinh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee tham v\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay cho qu\u1ed1c gia? H\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i qua tay \u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t 18 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng, trong khi n\u0103m \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn tham nh\u0169ng. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 “d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o”, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i “t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o”. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n danh nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 phe nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u00ea l\u00e0 \u201cimpossible country\u201d, qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngoi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u00e1i th\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 quan USAID t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Park Chung Hee kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 mentality<\/em> \u2013 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh – c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00f4ng, t\u1eeb m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u201cCan do\u201d – C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Park Chung Hee d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ti\u1ebfp thu nhanh nh\u1ea5t, ho\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf nhanh nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d tinh nhu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u00e2m \u1ec9 b\u1eebng d\u1eady khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i l\u00ean. V\u0103n h\u00f3a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng 18 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng do Park Chung Hee l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 Park Chung Hee l\u00e0 ai? C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac \u00f4ng? Hi\u1ec3u Park Chung Hee nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o k\u1ef3 t\u00edch s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n? Park Chung Hee h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, t\u00e2n-c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n hay ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n? Xin m\u1eddi xem b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Park Chung Hee v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> chung trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Thung l\u0169ng Silicon nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em>, T\u00e2n Tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c H\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. C\u0169ng xin qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3n xem B\u00ed m\u1eadt Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em> s\u1eafp ra m\u1eaft nay mai t\u1ea1i NXB T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> 25. 11. 2021<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

Park Chung Hee<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ec6T L\u00c3 TRONG \u0110\u00caM KHUYA<\/span><\/span>, t\u00f4i nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, theo t\u00f4i, \u0111ang \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean vai ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau ng\u00e0y Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103m 1945; trong v\u00f2ng 17 n\u0103m qua, hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i sinh qu\u1ed1c gia hay sao? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh hay sao? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ng\u1eebng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, b\u1ecf th\u00f3i n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 hay sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111ang b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi lo \u00e2u, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 t\u00fang qu\u1eabn, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. “H\u00e3y g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn kia, n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra”.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam khuya khi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 ch\u1eafp v\u00e1; nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 trung th\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n x\u1ea5u xa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Yi[1]<\/sup><\/a>, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi “t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u” \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a “Th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 s\u00f4ng H\u00e0n” l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 du nh\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tri\u1ec1u ti\u00ean h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 do d\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u1ef1 do: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng n\u1edf hoa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c”. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Trong l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra – v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u0169 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1edfi tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ee9a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi tr\u00f9ng c\u0169 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, “cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong gi\u1edbi \u01b0u t\u00fa l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cth\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu\u201d, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cc\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf\u201d xung quanh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ta – li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00ecnh, hay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Park Chung Hee<\/strong>, th\u00e1ng 2, 1962<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Yi Seong-gye v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1392, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1897.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cSUY NGH\u0128 TRONG \u0110\u00caM KHUYA\u201d PARK CHUNG HEE Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb [b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc] v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6844"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6844"}],"version-history":[{"count":91,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7800,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6844\/revisions\/7800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}