{"id":819,"date":"2017-11-25T12:55:55","date_gmt":"2017-11-25T05:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=819"},"modified":"2021-03-28T12:16:02","modified_gmt":"2021-03-28T05:16:02","slug":"hat-higgs-con-duong-phat-minh-va-kham-pha-hat-cua-chua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/hat-higgs-con-duong-phat-minh-va-kham-pha-hat-cua-chua\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1t Higgs – Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 “H\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa”"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea0T HIGGS <\/span><\/h1>\n

CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG PH\u00c1T MINH V\u00c0<\/span><\/h1>\n

KH\u00c1M PH\u00c1 \u201cH\u1ea0T C\u1ee6A CH\u00daA\u201d<\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 JIM BAGGOTT<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh <\/span><\/p>\n

ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. <\/i>H\u1ea1t Higgs sau n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c LHC, Large Hadron Collider, \u1edf CERN, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u201cH\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d, th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf BEH, t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Brout, Englert v\u00e0 Higgs, ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d. Ng\u00e0y t\u00ecm ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 4 th\u00e1ng 7, 2012, \u00edt ra theo th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1 ng\u1ee5c Bastille. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 \u201cNg\u1ee5c b\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m bao quanh h\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 LHC cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201crung\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1t Higgs c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ea1t Higgs, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t anh em quark v\u00e0 lepton c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a anh em \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, v\u00ec anh em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1. Cho n\u00ean h\u00e3y t\u00f4n vinh (H\u1ea1t) Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c anh em<\/i>\u201d nh\u01b0 kinh C\u00f4rint\u00f4 do t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u1edf C\u00f4rint\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch H\u1ea1t HIGGS c\u1ee7a Jim Baggott d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch s\u00fac t\u00edch nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c truy t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a cho n\u00f3, ra m\u1eaft th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2014 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n TR\u1eba. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a. Xin t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu<\/i> H\u1ea0T HIGGS v\u00e0 M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH CHU\u1ea8N \u2212 CU\u1ed8C PHI\u00caU L\u01afU K\u1ef2 TH\u00da C\u1ee6A KHOA H\u1eccC\u201d, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tri Th\u1ee9c, 2014, do Chu H\u1ea3o, Pierre Darriulat, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu. NXX (Nov2017)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T NHU C\u1ea6U HI\u1ec6N SINH<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 minh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c \u0111i. <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

HENRI POINCAR\u00c9<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2212 cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 xoay quanh m\u1ed9t v\u00ec sao t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

MURRAY GELL-MANN<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng cho ra m\u1eaft quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch H\u1ea1t HIGGS c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Jim Baggott, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1t Higgs c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. V\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u00e2y d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tay b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c s\u0103n l\u00f9ng h\u1ea1t Higgs, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Higgs l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Higgs, c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Baggott l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat uy t\u00edn v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2012 l\u00fac h\u1ea1t Higgs v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2012, r\u1ea5t k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs1<\/sup> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ea1t Higgs. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photon c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, thi\u00ean h\u00e0, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2018h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t quark v\u00e0 plasma l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

\"Anh<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n TR\u1eba, 2014<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Big Bang khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 electron, quark m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs. H\u1ea1t Higgs ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t photon l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 2012 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 Glashow, Salam v\u00e0 Weinberg \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 45 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu. S\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, CERN, m\u1edbi \u2018l\u00f4i\u2019 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Higgs c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 l\u00e0 \u2018s\u01a1 khai\u2019 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 electron v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t proton v\u00e0 neutron l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p? V\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Enrico Fermi b\u1ea3o \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ea1, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t\u201d, hay nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i Nobel Willis Lamb n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ai ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9!<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed QED, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i Nobel cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Schwinger, Feynman v\u00e0 Tomonoga, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (Quantum Field Theory) s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng, thuy\u1ebft \u2018d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00ean ng\u00f4i\u2019, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. L\u00fd do: m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu \u0111i xa h\u01a1n QED. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n Yang-Mills, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft QED \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh trong nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t boson truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a photon l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton v\u00e0 neutron \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i<\/i> c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1edbn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Theo Yukawa, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean \u2018t\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\u2019.2<\/sup> \u201cT\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n g\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\u201d cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. D\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ai t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t t\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Chien Shiung Wu n\u0103m 1956, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Einstein m\u1ea5t, d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb g\u1ed1c Trung Hoa L.D. Lee v\u00e0 C.N. Yang, cho th\u1ea5y \u2018Ch\u00faa thu\u1eadn tay tr\u00e1i\u2019, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Wolfgang Pauli, Julian Schwinger hay Richard Feynman. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o ra th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u2018h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2019 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cn\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m\u201d, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Lisa Randall c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard n\u00f3i. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 \u2018b\u00e0 m\u1ee5\u2019 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f6lderlin n\u00f3i. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm 1960 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quark c\u1ee7a Murray Gell-Mann v\u00e0 George Zweig (M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nhau). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3i quark m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c proton, neutron l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 quark. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t quan s\u00e1t trong \u2018v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa h\u1ea1t\u2019 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 (baryon) hay 2 quark (meson), t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hadron<\/i>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Large Hadron Collider, LHC, m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c ch\u00f9m h\u1ea1t hadron).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1964, s\u00e1u nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ra \u2018c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs\u2019 (xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 1) nh\u01b0ng duy nh\u1ea5t Peter Higgs l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i\u2019 th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u1ea1t boson Higgs\u201d trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf BEH sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Salam v\u00e0 Weinberg. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi 3 l\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu (g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 beta c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed), v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c quark. C\u00f2n l\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4 n\u00e0y. Hai l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau Big Bang.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1ch hai l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ra, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu (W+, W\u2212, v\u00e0 Z0) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi h\u1ea1t photon c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H\u1ea1t Higgs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch hai l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu ra, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t\u2019 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs\/BEH. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c boson c\u1ee7a Yang-Mills \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, v\u00ec thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018t\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\u2019, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills c\u1ee7a Chen Ning Yang v\u00e0 Robert Mills (c\u1ea3 hai M\u1ef9, Yang g\u1ed1c Trung Hoa); m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quark; c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs hay BEH; thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Glashow, Salam v\u00e0 Weinberg (M\u1ef9, Pakistan v\u00e0 M\u1ef9), \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fermion<\/i>, g\u1ed3m quark v\u00e0 lepton, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t quark t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a quark duy\u00ean<\/i> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1974 b\u1edfi Samuel Ting (M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Trung Hoa) \u1edf ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Brookhaven v\u00e0 Burton Richter (M\u1ef9) \u1edf m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c SLAC l\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t<\/i>\u201d d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 quark.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 boson<\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu W+, W\u2212, v\u00e0 Z0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i CERN. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/i> (QCD), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quark v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Yang-Mills, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 1971, \u0111\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb Gerardus ‘t Hooft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh Martinus J.G. Veltman ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd quay l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh zig-zag c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n<\/i>. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, th\u00ec Glashow vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean The New York Times Magazine<\/i> th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y 1976, r\u1eb1ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi<\/i> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018lo\u1ea1n s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n\u2019 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi 50 v\u00e0 60, l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n vinh quang \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u2018h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn\u2019, l\u00fac c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1eefa. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c W+, W\u2212, v\u00e0 Z0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c y\u1ebfu m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1983 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf CERN, b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u00dd Carlo Rubbia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u00e0 Lan Simon van der Meer, trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c gluon c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m gia t\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c DESY, Hamburg. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u2018ti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t ngang tai\u2019 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950\/60. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o, hay l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn m\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng. Leon Lederman g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018h\u1ea1t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh\u2019, b\u1edfi kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm qu\u00e1, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean t\u00ecm n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Lederman \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u2018H\u1ea1t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh\u2019 sang \u201cH\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e1ng 7, 2012, c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y LHC c\u1ee7a CERN ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u2018nh\u00ecn\u2019 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u00ed \u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi m\u00f4. Quark kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 electron, v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i<\/i> b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gluon, h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb canh t\u00f9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u1ede trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quark \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn<\/i>, \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u00fang \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c proton v\u00e0 neutron, hay nh\u1eefng hadron kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u2018th\u1ea5y\u2019 n\u00f3 qua v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1t ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y quark duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n che, m\u00e0 qua d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c \u2018\u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n\u2019 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c.
\nB\u1ee9c tranh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i d\u1ea1o tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 <\/i>c\u1ee7a
\ndanh ho\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Caspar David Friedrich (1818), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1
\ns\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, do c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ea1t Higgs minh h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u2018Big science\u2019 \u1edf qui m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n khoa h\u1ecdc gia, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tinh vi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c LHC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y d\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ATLAS v\u00e0 CMS th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ea1t Higgs. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch H\u1ea1t<\/i> Higgs<\/i> s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c truy t\u00ecm \u2018h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u2019. Nh\u01b0ng LHC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u0103m d\u00f2 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Big Bang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0i poker v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i, nh\u01b0 Isaac Isamov n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Leucippus v\u00e0 Democritus, theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, sau 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u2018kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u2019 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u2018chinh ph\u1ee5c\u2019 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, 19, xu\u1ed1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u1edbi electron v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 proton v\u00e0 neutron, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quark m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a Newton trong Principia<\/i>, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng F = ma<\/i>,3<\/sup> sau ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3<\/i>, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u2018vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u2019 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t fermion v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Higgs, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quark v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gluon c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, hay s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/i> QCD, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t quark l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. L\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u l\u00e0m sao.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i: h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Newton th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng Einstein \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20; h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Maxwell th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed QED c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Einstein \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa photon v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, QED \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh Yang-Mills r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed QCD, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4m nay, nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y mai (Jean Perrin).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (GUT), Si\u00eau \u0110\u1ed1i X\u1ee9ng (Supersymmetry), L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft D\u00e2y (String theory). L\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n-y\u1ebfu. L\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. Thu\u1edf t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c chung l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1i g\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Higgs ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Galilei, Kepler v\u00e0 Newton, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn trong khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u2018v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u1edbi\u2019. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng gia d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nghe nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0129a CD, DVD, th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 iPhone, iPad, xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GPS, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y khoa ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 C.P. Snow vi\u1ebft trong Hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/i>: \u201cCu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, con c\u00e1i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh), nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 lao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba\u2019 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft. V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u2018qu\u00e9t\u2019 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Newton \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quark c\u1ee7a Gell-Mann v\u00e0 \u0111ang nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, xa h\u01a1n. Thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t neutrino l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i c\u00f2n huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1. V\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u201cNhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng son<\/i> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u2018V\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u1edbi\u2019. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng son ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\u201d (Paul Davies)<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n sinh<\/i> \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 Henri Poincar\u00e9 n\u00f3i, \u201ck\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o n\u00ean Weltanschauung<\/i>, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o, m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb ngh\u00ecn x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u2018t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n linh, hay m\u1ed9t \u2018t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2019 c\u1ee7a Einstein, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cpre-established harmony\u201d c\u1ee7a Leibniz.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u1eedi g\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 20. Khoa h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n cho t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00f3. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Tr\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ra sao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng minh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c truy t\u00ecm h\u1ea1t Higgs. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui \u2018chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u2019. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, khi ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn lao, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao, theo c\u00e1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 s\u00f3t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hoan ngh\u00eanh \u00fd ki\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, \u00dd, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Hoa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n TR\u1eba r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u201cH\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n. Cu\u1ed9c Phi\u00eau L\u01b0u K\u1ef3 Th\u00fa C\u1ee7a Khoa H\u1ecdc\u201d<\/i>, nxb Tri Th\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean Cao Chi\u2212Chu H\u1ea3o\u2212Pierre Darriulat\u2212Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1m \u01a1n, v\u00e0 xin m\u1eddi qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh <\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Danh t\u1eeb \u201cC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Higgs\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng do th\u00f3i quen. B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/i> t\u00ecm ra trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1964. Ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Robert Brout, Fran\u00e7ois Englert (m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m) v\u00e0 Peter Higgs; ba v\u1ecb sau l\u00e0 Gerald Guralnik, Carl Richard Hagen v\u00e0 Tom Kibble (m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m). C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf BEH c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd 2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t cho ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Robert Brout \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho hai v\u1ecb th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 6 v\u1ecb l\u00e0 BEHGHK. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u Philip Anderson, v\u00e0 Yoichiro Nambu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u2018\u0111\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng\u2019, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp. Xin xem th\u00eam k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu \u201c<\/span>H\u1ea1t Higgs v\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Chu\u1ea9n<\/span><\/i>\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn n\u1eefa l\u00e0, thuy\u1ebft Yukawa tuy c\u0169ng t\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 QED nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh Yukawa l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1 n\u00ean ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n (perturbative method) kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong khi QED d\u00f9ng perturbative method \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb = 1\/137, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1. S\u1edf d\u0129 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed QCD l\u00ean ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a QCD nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t <\/span>t\u1ef1 do ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn<\/span><\/i> (asymptotic freedom) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t quark. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau d\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 \u00a0bi\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0L\u1ef1c = kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi gia t\u1ed1c<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea0T HIGGS CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG PH\u00c1T MINH V\u00c0 KH\u00c1M PH\u00c1 \u201cH\u1ea0T C\u1ee6A CH\u00daA\u201d T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 JIM BAGGOTT Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec1n, Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Y\u00eam v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ea1t Higgs sau n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c LHC, Large Hadron Collider,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2,1],"tags":[60,61],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/819"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=819"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5597,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/819\/revisions\/5597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}