{"id":8193,"date":"2022-12-27T12:09:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T05:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=8193"},"modified":"2022-12-27T12:24:11","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T05:24:11","slug":"maxim-gorki-thu-gui-ban-doc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/maxim-gorki-thu-gui-ban-doc\/","title":{"rendered":"Maxim Gorki, Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc <\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"

TH\u01af G\u1eecI B\u1ea0N \u0110\u1eccC<\/span><\/h1>\n

Maxim Gorki<\/span><\/p>\n

(1917)<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>. T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00e0o Maxim Gorki nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 150 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh. Hai \u00f4ng, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 Maxim Gorki, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n D\u1eadt Ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd “kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi”, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\"Maxim<\/p>\n

Maxim Gorki (1868 – 1936)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

Maxim Gorki<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1917)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi T\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft qua h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, s\u1ebd b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 l\u1eabn nhau, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea7m\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, hay l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe nh\u00f3m hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 h\u00e1o danh b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb phi\u00eau l\u01b0u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta; cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khinh b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1i tai h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e3y ch\u1ebft.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[\u2026]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e2u; tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u0169 tuy b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xung quanh ta, trong ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Con r\u1eafn Hydra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc, Man d\u00e3, Ngu d\u1ed1t, \u0110\u1ec3u c\u00e1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Kh\u1ed1i d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng theo giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 theo nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Bao l\u00e2u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i thai c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[\u2026]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a 1905 v\u00e0 1906; s\u1ef1 thanh to\u00e1n d\u00e3 man theo sau nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 suy s\u1ee5p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ef1 do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u2018b\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh\u2019; th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kinh kh\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nga. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho anh ta; c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ed5 sai n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 1000 qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb1ng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u00f4 v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0o l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng Nga c\u0169 k\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta, t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, giai c\u1ea5p \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n h\u1ed7n mang n\u00e0y giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh quy\u1ec1n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1905 v\u00e0 1906. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd quay sang h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i v\u00e3, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a 1906.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng duy nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ngay trong c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc suy s\u1ee5p th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 do d\u1ef1 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch can \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp ch\u00fang ta b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m ra sao v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 khao kh\u00e1t t\u1ef1 do cao \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nguy c\u01a1 \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u; giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u1ef1a, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf chung m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng giai c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf: s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y tri th\u1ee9c. Tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00f4i trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n lu\u00f4n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0o l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga trong m\u1eaft t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00e2n hoan v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng Ba, ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng mai t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i Marsfeld.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi: V\u00e2ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac bi\u1ebft bao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y!<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 Huynh \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i link:<\/span><\/p>\n

Maxim Gorki – Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n