{"id":8372,"date":"2023-01-18T08:46:52","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T01:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=8372"},"modified":"2026-09-03T20:55:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T13:55:16","slug":"john-wheeler-viet-ve-albert-einstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/john-wheeler-viet-ve-albert-einstein\/","title":{"rendered":"John Wheeler vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Albert Einstein"},"content":{"rendered":"

JOHN WHEELER<\/span><\/h2>\n

vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

ALBERT EINSTEIN<\/span><\/h1>\n

<\/h2>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Einstein, Yukawa v\u00e0 Wheeler t\u1ea1i Marquand Park, Princeton n\u0103m 1954. Photograph by Wallace Litwin and Josef Kringold, courtesy AIP Emilio Segr\u00e8 Visual Archives, Wheeler Collection<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n biographical memoir (h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/em>) n\u0103m 1980 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd M\u1ef9 John Wheeler \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho Albert Einstein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t quen bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1915 c\u1ee7a Einstein\u2014v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay\u2014\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm n\u00fai tr\u00ean ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng leo d\u1ed1c gian nan h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest cao nh\u1ea5t, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Einstein \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. “\u1ede ngo\u00e0i kia,” \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft, “l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao la n\u00e0y, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n…” V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c: “\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.” R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i mang m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00fd do h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb lay chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1ea5y.”<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Einstein hy v\u1ecdng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. T\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed7. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u2014 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n” (gauge theory), ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 leo l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 kia, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u00f4m nay t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft: “M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Einstein h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Einstein n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau khi Einstein m\u1ea5t, Wheeler ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 sau m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Jacob Bekenstein, Hugh Everett, Richard Feynman, Kip Thorne. Wheeler \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn 46 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Arnold Sommerfeld c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c trong vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Wheeler nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Einstein.\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u00f3 hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t hay: A Journey into Gravity and Spacetime<\/em> (Scientific American Library), v\u00e0\u00a0Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam<\/p>\n

ER = EPR, V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/em>:<\/p>\n

ER = EPR (H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 R\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed)<\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0<\/p>\n

Trang Albert Einstein:<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/albert-einstein\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JOHN WHEELER vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0 ALBERT EINSTEIN Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Einstein, Yukawa v\u00e0 Wheeler t\u1ea1i Marquand Park, Princeton n\u0103m 1954. Photograph by Wallace Litwin and Josef Kringold, courtesy AIP Emilio Segr\u00e8 Visual Archives, Wheeler Collection Trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n biographical memoir (h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed) n\u0103m 1980 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd M\u1ef9 John<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8372"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17033,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8372\/revisions\/17033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}