{"id":8408,"date":"2023-01-24T18:19:56","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=8408"},"modified":"2023-01-25T21:44:06","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T14:44:06","slug":"khi-con-chip-nen-ngoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/khi-con-chip-nen-ngoi\/","title":{"rendered":"Khi con chip l\u00ean ng\u00f4i"},"content":{"rendered":"

KHI CON CHIP L\u00caN NG\u00d4I<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/em><\/h2>\n

NGUY\u1ec4N TRUNG D\u00c2N <\/span><\/h2>\n

v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

H\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH V\u00c0 \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG \u0110\u1ecaA CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A N\u00d3<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n.”<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ec9nh (<\/span>Kwoh-Ting Li<\/span>)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Morris Chang<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng L\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng<\/span>[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn<\/em><\/strong><\/span>,<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1p T\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0103n T\u1ebft, ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfm \u00edt ti\u1ec1n trong d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n T\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t n\u0103m. D\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0103n T\u1ebft vui th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5t v\u00e3 qu\u00e1, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00f2n manh m\u00fan qu\u00e1. \u00cdt ai ngh\u0129, t\u1ea1i sao, t\u1ea1i sao khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng trong khi ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u01a1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda sau, ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng manh m\u00fan. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra t\u1eeb h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua: \u0110i\u1ec7n, y t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v.v. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc transistor<\/em> nh\u1ecf x\u00edu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Bell Labs M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1947. T\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i centimet l\u00fac m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c transistor c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i nanomet, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng “b\u00e1u v\u1eadt” nh\u1ecf x\u00edu c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi anh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o (ch\u1ecb C.P.), ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n Thuy\u00ean, Q. 1, khu Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1, 2023, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Anh D\u00e2n k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i nghe. Cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, anh \u1ea5y khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con chip. T\u00f2 m\u00f2, \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. S\u00e1u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc say m\u00ea m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00f4i xin ph\u00e9p anh D\u00e2n cho \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed con chip l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, th\u00ec nay anh D\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i khai s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/em> c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau \u1ea5y. Anh mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0 anh v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> c\u1ee7a anh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Xin xem th\u00eam B\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon<\/em>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng khai minh l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim, kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 \u0111i. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a anh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 IT: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trong “\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Anh D\u00e2n \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n gi\u00f3ng l\u00ean l\u1eddi b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng minh<\/em>. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i. “Ng\u1ef1c l\u00e9p b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m” \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sao v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y? M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, “\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y” <\/em>nh\u01b0 Fukuzawa Yukichi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong Tho\u00e1t \u00c1 lu\u1eadn<\/em>, v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay sao v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y lay \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (KH&CN) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c cao. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n KH&CN cao v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu nh\u01b0 Israel, \u0110\u00e0i Loan hay nh\u1ecf v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ng\u1ed3i \u201cchi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean\u201d tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Anh v.v…\u00a0 Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u01b0 Mexico, Venezuela, v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan, Phillipine v.v … th\u00ec m\u00e3i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng sao ng\u1ea9ng cao \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00ed do kh\u00e1 r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang TSMC c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 50% chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn TSMC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c t\u1ea5m khi\u00ean silicon (silicon shield)\u201d b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ch\u1ee7 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tin h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Israel kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an ninh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00e1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u201cng\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1edbi M\u1ef9 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia non tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng khai ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i 20-30, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 Bill Gates (Microsoft), Steve Jobs (Apple), Michael Saul Dell (Dell Technologies), Elon Musk (ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tesla) s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty Zip2 n\u0103m 1995 khi 24 tu\u1ed5i; hay nh\u01b0 Zuckerberg (facebook), Larry Page, Sergey Brin (Google) kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb khi ch\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng; hay nh\u01b0 Jeff Bezos s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Amazon khi m\u1edbi tr\u00f2n 30 vv.. . M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Morris Chang c\u1ee7a TSMC hay cha con nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Samsung, Lee Byung-Chul v\u00e0 Lee Kun-Hee v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Israel th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 10 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi trong sa m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea2 r\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u1ed1n coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi do th\u00e1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 truy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi chung.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u201cL\u1ecbch S\u1eed Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Transistor v\u00e0 chip B\u00e1n D\u1eabn\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi G\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng N\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1n D\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean 30 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Italy, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n KH&CN kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong hai lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. C\u0169ng qua hai lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Morris Chang v\u00e0 TSMC t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch KH&CN \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft kh\u00e1 l\u00ean r\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 KH&CN.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y, trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n 25 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u1ef9 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eeba l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong \u0110H, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m h\u1eb3n lu\u00f4n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u KH&CN \u1edf M\u1ef9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong c\u1ea3 3 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 ba \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 40 n\u0103m, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a TQ v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c KH&CN v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110H kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n VN l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y TQ \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf xa VN v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi t\u1eeb TQ, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n KH&CN \u1edf TQ trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, TQ c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 KH&CN v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110H m\u00e0 VN c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mong cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00ed M\u00e3o,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng episode v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb, th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a con chip c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng episode r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Newton g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t minh con chip g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed khi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n con chip c\u1ee7a anh D\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Chip War<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Chris Miller xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e2ng, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt con chip v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ra tay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, hay ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua moonshot. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi con chip, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, con chip c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u01b0u th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfc transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1ea1i Bell Labs, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c lab tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u1ede Anh c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Cavendish \u1edf \u0110H Cambridge \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1874. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1820, 1830 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 c\u00f3 Liebig Labs t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Giessen, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 1887 Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt t\u1ea1i Berlin do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Newton th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sau \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Faraday v\u00e0 Maxwell th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho kinh t\u1ebf. Chi\u1ebfc transistor v\u00e0 con chip n\u1eb1m trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n

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T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc transistor silicon \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean mang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u 2N696 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 391 San Antonio Road, Mountain View, California, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fairchild c\u1ee7a “b\u1ecdn t\u00e1m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i” ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1958. L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m 100 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho IBM v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 150 USD m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1.409 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom B-70. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho Autonetics \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o Minuteman. Ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 “b\u00e0 m\u1ee5” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. Xem th\u00eam: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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\"Untold<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean EINAC c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1945. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 18.000 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. (Getty images) Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e0y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 transistor r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c con chip nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay c\u1ee7a phi thuy\u1ec1n Apollo l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950-60 transistor c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00ec b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 \u0111ang lo t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng doanh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. Akio Morita, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sony, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc transistor cho kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Masaru Ibuka, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 high-tech, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 mua patent \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1953, Morita b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gia d\u1ee5ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Morita hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Charles de Gaulle kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 transistor, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o chip, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gia d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a transistor v\u00e0 chip. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua l\u1ea1i patent c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc transistor, gi\u1eefa 1953-54, v\u00e0 cho ra chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Texas Instrument ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1ng sinh 1954.<\/p>\n

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Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor TR-55 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Sony.<\/p>\n

Xin m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c. Mua patent l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c – kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Sony \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Kazuo Iwama qua M\u1ef9 thu th\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, xem t\u1eadn m\u1eaft d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Tokyo. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o Iwama\u201d. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Iwama \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Takushi Otani ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Historia Scientiarum<\/em> Vol. 26\u20122 (2017) d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 Technology Transfer as a Dialogical Process Crossing the Pacific Ocean: Sony\u02bcs Transistor Technology Transfer<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t case study r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ai mua patent v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Texas Instruments quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n! Morita c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1eadt Hayato Ikeda l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y radio transistor c\u1ee7a Sony cho de Gaulle. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i M\u1ef9 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean k\u1ecbp chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh \u0111ang l\u0103n b\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con chip t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1n tsunami \u0111e d\u1ecda ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, Nikita Khrushchev \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM t\u1ea1i San Jose n\u0103m 1959, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 1960 de Gaulle c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thung l\u0169ng Silicon (1971).<\/span> Khrushchev l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb “ta \u0111\u00e2y”, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 C\u0103ng-tin c\u1ee7a IBM, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a IBM! \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 2 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng Sputnik l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ee9 hai, Khrushchev \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft trong v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p Rosenberg n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Khrushchev d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (microelectronics). Khrushchev \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng “Vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00f3c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc”, v\u00e0 “\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta”. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n “B\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 qua m\u1eb7t” n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng con chip SN-51 c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments do m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ean Boris Malin mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 mang v\u1ec1, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Alexander Shokin ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00f4ng ta: “C\u00f3p n\u00f3”, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn Zelenograd, “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Xanh” \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Moscow, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Soviet Silicon.<\/p>\n

\"Khrushchev<\/p>\n

Khrushchev th\u0103m IBM t\u1ea1i San Jose th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch IBM Thomas J. Watson Jr. (tr\u00e1i) ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Thung l\u0169ng silicon kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, hay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 Zelenograd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh San Francisco. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, trong khi Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Adam Smith, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ty tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0m ra transistor m\u1edbi, th\u00ec Nga \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m, cluster, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Khrushchev ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng coup bao v\u00e2y Berlin, hay cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecfa ti\u1ec5n Cuba, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i con chip v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1988, sau khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs hay IBM \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ronald Reagan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc 600 sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia Moscow t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng vinh quang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n do M\u1ef9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n v\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Tuy\u00ean, chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u00fat c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12, 2022, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng episode v\u1ec1 con chip c\u00f2n d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1i b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ecb<\/em> trong n\u0103m 2022, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> m\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m 12 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I:<\/strong> v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 transistor v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 kinh t\u1ebf-qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip cao c\u1ea5p (6 b\u00e0i):<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 1:\u00a0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed transistor v\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2:\u00a0Transistor \u2013 v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tin h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3:\u00a0Transistor silicon v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Silicon Valley<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 4:\u00a0Jean Hoerni \u2013 \u2018cha \u0111\u1ebb\u2019 c\u1ee7a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 5:\u00a0Khi ph\u00e1t minh t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng v\u00ec\u2026 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 6:\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u2018canh b\u1ea1c\u2019 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/a><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II:<\/strong> v\u1ec1 “nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i” Morris Chang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ty b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) (3 b\u00e0i):<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 1: Morris Chang – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cho \u0110\u00e0i Loan<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2: Morris Chang – Ng\u00e3 ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3: Morris Chang – Ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o TSMC<\/a><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n III<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (3 b\u00e0i):<\/p>\n

B\u00e1i 1: Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2: Trung Qu\u1ed1c – C\u1ea1nh tranh hay ch\u01a1i b\u1ea9n?<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3: Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Ai b\u1ea3o ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp l\u00e0 d\u1ec5?<\/a><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n l\u00e0m t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nano m\u00e0 anh Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra bi\u1ebft bao c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n T\u00e2n)\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Xin n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed3ng Ba T\u1ebft Qu\u00fd M\u00e3o (24\/1) 2023<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Xem th\u00eam: Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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KHI CON CHIP L\u00caN NG\u00d4I Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a NGUY\u1ec4N TRUNG D\u00c2N v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 H\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH V\u00c0 \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG \u0110\u1ecaA CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A N\u00d3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Xanh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u   “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n.” L\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8408"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8408"}],"version-history":[{"count":123,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8738,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8408\/revisions\/8738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}