{"id":8483,"date":"2023-01-23T18:12:20","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T11:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=8483"},"modified":"2023-01-23T18:46:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T11:46:22","slug":"bai-6-trung-quoc-va-canh-bac-chip-ban-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/bai-6-trung-quoc-va-canh-bac-chip-ban-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 6: Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u2018canh b\u1ea1c\u2019 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn"},"content":{"rendered":"

TRUNG QU\u1ed0C V\u00c0 ‘CANH B\u1ea0C’ CHIP B\u00c1N D\u1eaaN<\/span><\/h1>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng…<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi an ninh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2021 do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 7,7 tri\u1ec7u xe h\u01a1i, tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 210 t\u1ef7 USD (theo\u00a0The New York Times<\/em> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a AlixPartners). H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 AI (Artifitial Inteligent hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o), ML (Machine Learning), c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng (simulators), m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quang t\u1eed (Photonics Computing) …<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u1eabn kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng…<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng xe l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ngu\u1ed3n cung chip.\u00a0Trong \u1ea3nh:<\/u><\/em>\u00a0C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Volkswagen \u1edf Poznan, Ba Lan, ng\u00e0y 27.4.2020. \u1ea2nh: PAP\/TTXVN<\/em><\/p>\n

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‘\u0110\u1ed1t’ ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m chip<\/span><\/h4>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chi cho nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp chip c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 2013 l\u00e0 232 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 430 t\u1ef7 USD, so v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u0103m 2013 l\u00e0 156 t\u1ef7 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 257 t\u1ef7 USD.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d.\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 70% c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, trong \u0111\u00f3 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 4 b\u1ed9 li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch 10 n\u0103m l\u00ean t\u1edbi 170 t\u1ef7 USD. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n, T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 “d\u00e2y c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9” (lifeline) cho n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 70% ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0theo SCMP \u0111\u01b0a tin m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng 3.470 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “chip” trong t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kinh doanh t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e1ng 1-8, v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c 3.420 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u0103m 2021, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh doanh Quichacha. Ngu\u1ed3n: Vnexpress<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u1edfi l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2015, th\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t khi hay tin T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Thanh Hoa (Tsinghua Unigroup) c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi 23 t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip Micron c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 10 n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty Lonovo c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c mua l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Thinkpad c\u1ee7a IBM v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1,25 t\u1ef7 USD. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn M\u1ef9 th\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ee5 mua l\u1ea1i Micron n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Thanh Hoa ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00fd do li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ee5 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty Micron b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng Tsinghua Unigroup tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 Zhao Weiguo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u2018g\u00e3 si cu\u1ed3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\u2019 (Semiconductor Madman) do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi Intel s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip cho smartphone tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1,4 t\u1ef7 USD, k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Dell c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Western Digital\u2026<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7.2021 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Thanh Hoa l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m v\u1ee5 mua b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Micron c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, khi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c khai ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. L\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua Tsinghua \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tham v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00ec\u00a0“vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt”, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tham nh\u0169ng.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Tsinghua Unigroup kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n thanh to\u00e1n tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11.2020. \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng cho B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eadm. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o linh v\u1ef1c chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 7% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 6.8% cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip 40% n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 70% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a IC Insight th\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chip s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2021 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 15,9 % trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chip ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c so v\u1edbi 15,1% n\u0103m 2014. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chip c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chip c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Samsung v\u00e0 TSMC.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 transistor k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 nm (nanometer), th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 14 nm. Samsung v\u00e0 TSMC \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 3nm. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, chip hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 28 nm, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a TSMC n\u0103m 2017.<\/p>\n

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Nguy c\u01a1 ‘v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng’<\/span><\/h4>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ng\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a virus Covid-19 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 100 nm. S\u1edf d\u0129 chip c\u00e0ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 transistor, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ASML. \u1ea2nh: The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u00a0\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tinh x\u1ea3o d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Lan, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0u th\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip do c\u00f4ng ty ASML c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ASML tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 150 tri\u1ec7u USD v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi 40 conteiner v\u00e0 3 chuy\u1ebfn Boeing 747. T\u1eeb 2017 ASML ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 100 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 TSMC, Samsung. TSMC, Samsung \u00a0s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1edfi Apple, Intel, NVDIA… \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, ASML d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n (lythography) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m) \u0111\u1ec3 in c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

T\u1ea5m b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5c ng\u1eafn. \u1ea2nh: New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ASML ph\u00e1t minh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tia \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn (Extreme Ultraviolet \u2013 EUV) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a vi m\u1ea1ch l\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Chi ph\u00ed cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi 8 t\u1ef7 USD.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00edch quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ASML ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh (lens) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Zeiss c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 175 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty laser \u1edf San Diego (M\u1ef9), c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ASML l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cung c\u1ea5p…<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao lu\u1eadt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u00f9 M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ASML c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ea5m b\u00e1n cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9 do n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh” do \u00f4ng T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb “Made in China” trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay cho th\u1ea5y \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u00a0\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/em>\u1ea2nh minh ho\u1ea1: The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean ho\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u do vi\u1ec7c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Biden \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u2018Chips and Science Act\u2019 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 280 t\u1ef7 USD th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7.10.2022, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Biden l\u1ea1i cho ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 “th\u1ebb xanh” tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1eafp t\u1edbi…<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. Trong \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 3.2022. Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/em>\u00a0Reuters\/Vnexpress<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u suy ngh\u1eabm<\/span><\/h4>\n

Qua lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n transistor v\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan trong c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 transistor v\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a cao nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng suy ng\u1eabm.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u00e0i 1,\u00a02,\u00a03<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u00e1t minh ra transistor v\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Bell Labs \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec transistor \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0Bardeen, Brattain v\u00e0 Shockley\u00a0c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u do vi\u1ec7c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Biden \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u2018Chips and Science Act\u2019 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 280 t\u1ef7 USD.\u00a0\u1ea2nh: Getty<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng khi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra transistor s\u1edbm c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Bell Labs.<\/span> C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. Tuy v\u1eady, l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa, qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Sony b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp \u201cchuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n transistor v\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u1edf b\u00e0i\u00a0Transistor – ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tin h\u1ecdc<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u00a0s\u1edbm tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 may m\u1eafn. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Sony kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tham quan New York v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn\u00a0M\u1ef9 – Trung, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho doanh thu c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho t\u1ed5ng doanh thu c\u1ee7a SMIC r\u01a1i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng sau l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u1ea2nh:\u00a0Phone Arena\/Zing<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Samsung tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ec1 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn d\u00f9 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00a0nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi so v\u1edbi TSMC<\/span>\u00a0(\u0110\u00e0i Loan) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u00a0Kim Wan-Hee (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Colombia, M\u1ef9) c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u201d (Electronics Promotion Act) th\u00e1ng 1.1969. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Samsung \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp chi nh\u00e1nh Samsung Electronics Corporation ngay trong th\u00e1ng 1.1969.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Samsung \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn li\u00ean doanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Sanyo Electronics (11.1968) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 NEC (9.1969) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Samsung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u00ean l\u00e0 Hankook Semiconductor n\u0103m 1974.<\/p>\n

Hankook l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean doanh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty H\u00e0n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty Integrated Circuit International, Incorporated (ICII) \u1edf California do ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u1ed1c H\u00e0n du h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. Trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00ec hai l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ICII r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n li\u00ean doanh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Hankook c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Samsung \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua l\u1ea1i Hankook, v\u00ec v\u1eady hai cha con nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Samsung, Lee Byung-Chull v\u00e0 Lee Kun-Hee \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i Hankook.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1977 th\u00ec Hankook v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Samsung Electronics h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Samsung Semiconductor. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, ng\u00e0y nay Samsung l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (sau\u00a0TSMC<\/span>) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

C\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>\u00a0TSMC cho bi\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 3nm l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20 t\u1ef7 USD.\u00a0\u1ea2nh minh ho\u1ea1: Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabu c\u00f3 mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa c\u01a1 l\u1ee1 v\u1eadn \u1edf M\u1ef9, \u00f4ng Morris Chang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00e0i Loan ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7t g\u1eedi v\u00e0ng, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp TSMC v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. D\u00f9 ra \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, TSMC gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (m\u1eddi xem lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Morris Chang<\/em><\/span>). N\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, TSMC c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn silicon” (silicon shield).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u00a0c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m qua trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 duy \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

New York, th\u00e1ng<\/em>\u00a010.2022<\/em><\/p>\n

Nguy<\/strong>\u1ec5n Trung D<\/strong>\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 25 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Italy, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 (t\u1eeb 1998). L\u00e0 Associate Research Professor c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona cho \u0111\u1ebfn 2017 chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ea1i New York, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec5n Th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf (Adjunct Professor) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona. L\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n\u00a0\u201cModeling and design photonics by examples using Matlabs\u201d<\/a>\u00a0\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/em><\/p>\n

________________<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/p>\n

1. \u201cXi Jinping\u2019s Vision for Tech Self-Reliance in China Runs Into Reality\u201d, New York Times 29.8.2022.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. \u201cThe Failure of China\u2019s Microchip Giant Tests Beijing\u2019s Tech Ambitions\u201d, New York Times 19.7.2021.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. \u201cThe Tech Cold War\u2019s \u2018Most Complicated Machine\u2019 That\u2019s Out of China\u2019s Reach\u201d, \u00a0New York Times 04.7.2021.<\/em><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0https:\/\/semiwiki.com\/semiconductor-manufacturers\/samsung-foundry\/7994-a-detailed-history-of-samsung-semiconductor\/<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong>: B\u00e0i c\u1ee7a TS Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ecb<\/em>, v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta.vn. Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TRUNG QU\u1ed0C V\u00c0 ‘CANH B\u1ea0C’ CHIP B\u00c1N D\u1eaaN Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua c\u1ea3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8483"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8483"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8618,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8483\/revisions\/8618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}