{"id":8490,"date":"2023-01-23T20:24:54","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T13:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/?p=8490"},"modified":"2023-01-24T17:26:12","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T10:26:12","slug":"morris-chang-1-nguoi-gay-dung-chip-ban-dan-cho-dai-loan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/morris-chang-1-nguoi-gay-dung-chip-ban-dan-cho-dai-loan\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 1: Morris Chang – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cho \u0110\u00e0i Loan"},"content":{"rendered":"
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MORRIS CHANG<\/span><\/h2>\n

NG\u01af\u1edcI G\u1ea6Y D\u1ef0NG N\u1ec0N C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6<\/span><\/h1>\n

CHIP B\u00c1N D\u1eaaN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c0I LOAN<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, sa c\u01a1 l\u1ee1 v\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 Morris Chang \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau qu\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Morris Chang m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0i Loan trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee9 tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y khi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2013 semiconductor chips) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00ed \u0111i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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CHUY\u1ec6N ‘C\u1ed4 T\u00cdCH’ V\u1ec0 M\u1ed8T C\u01af\u1edcNG QU\u1ed0C C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn\u201d s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/span><\/h4>\n

Morris Chang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng ty Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) n\u0103m 1987 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 Texas Instrument (TI), Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), IBM… Ch\u1ec9 sau 30 n\u0103m, n\u0103m 2017 TSMC v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 6.2020, TSMC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 10 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a TSMC tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u00e1ng 4.2021) l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 550 t\u1ef7 USD ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 51 ng\u00e0n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f3 25 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (GDP) 760 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2020, th\u00ec TSMC qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0i Loan m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp TSMC – \u00f4ng\u00a0Morris Chang, trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. \u1ea2nh: AFP<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a TSMC c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 sau d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c, gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Apple. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 Apple ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t iPhone trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu TSMC ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng tr\u1ec7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a TSMC l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kinh doanh linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. N\u00f3i th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat l\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn TSMC v\u00e0 Morris Chang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd (xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 th\u00eam sau).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong sinh ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t ly th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ea7m tay (smartphone), m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, laptop, TV… tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u1ee5c g\u1ea1ch\u201d. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng (microwave), t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn xe h\u01a1i, m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u b\u00e8, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, internet, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t\u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4.2021 h\u00e3ng xe Ford ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1eebng hai d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe t\u1ea3i F150 \u0103n kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4.2021, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t GM c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng l\u00fd do thi\u1ebfu chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 170 USD, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 10 n\u0103m n\u1eefa con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1.200 USD. Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 xe ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cho ngh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 60 t\u1ef7 USD trong n\u0103m 2021 [1]. G\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t smartphone v\u00e0 tivi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khan hi\u1ebfm chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

N\u0103m 2021 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chip TSMC chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 55% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 84%.<\/em><\/p>\n

TSMC l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 2011 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a TSMC chi\u1ebfm 50% to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 90% l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 2021 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chip chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 55% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 84% [2]. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 TSMC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a TSMC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1ea2 r\u1eadp Saudi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ed von r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 1990-1991 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 George H.W. Bush (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bush cha) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 35 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Saddam Hussein \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ea2 r\u1eadp Saudi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Biden c\u0169ng \u0111ang th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0i Loan tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa…<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a TSMC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 do t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Moris Chang. Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c tung ho\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang TSMC c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 25 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a TSMC v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n

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M\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0<\/span><\/h4>\n

L\u00fac c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf Chang m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Sinh ra n\u0103m 1931 v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf Ninh Ba (Ningbo) g\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, th\u1ee7a nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay Nh\u1eadt n\u00e9m bom. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Kinh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, Chang m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hay ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Chang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Boston (M\u1ef9) l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n xin cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn Harvard l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh\u201d… \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 \u201cv\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u201ch\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Chang nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xin h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh \u201cv\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Harvard,\u00a0Chang\u00a0xin chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u1edf\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng MIT.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc \u1edf Harvard, Chang nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho \u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1eady l\u00e0 \u00f4ng xin chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Masachuset (MIT) ngay trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Boston. Chang k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh sau khi \u00f4ng thi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a MIT do kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn, h\u00e3ng Ford \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u1ea3 479 USD\/th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e3ng Sylvania Electric Products tr\u1ea3 480 USD\/th\u00e1ng (n\u0103m 1955). Ford l\u00e0 h\u00e3ng xe h\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi cho ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ford \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e2ng th\u00eam 1 USD b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Sylvania tr\u1ea3 cho \u00f4ng, Ford t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m cho Sylvania, d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D) s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hay sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 transistor.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd transistor m\u1edbi \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n R&D sau ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Bell Laboratories v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (1951). C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 tham gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n transistor l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn germanium. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn germanium, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Anh k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb Chang \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Morris Chang (b\u00ean tr\u00e1i) \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m 1965. \u1ea2nh t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt. Chang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd William Shockley \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong ba nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t minh ra transistor. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, Chang ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng trang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho Chang hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng – n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 khi\u1ebfn Chang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn 20 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Trong l\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 transistor qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Shockley, Chang ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Sylvania h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7y r\u01b0\u1ee3u trong kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n m\u00e0 Chang \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn say m\u00e8m. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Chang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y sau khi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadu v\u1edbi tay k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kia \u2013 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201canh ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 \u00edt l\u00e2u sau Chang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ban trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y C\u00f4ng ty Sylvania kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy. Sylvania ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 transistor r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ty l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 marketing v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng ty Texas Instruments (TI) \u1edf Dallas, ti\u1ec3u bang Texas. \u00d4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u201c\u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ra \u0111\u00f3n t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay\u201d v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1i TI l\u00e0m \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho TI n\u0103m 27 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho C\u00f4ng ty IBM m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i transistor \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd IBM c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i transistor n\u00e0y v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kho\u1ea3ng 10%. D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a TI do Chang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sau hai th\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 2-3%, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfng h\u1ebft (0%). Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t lo ng\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng quan trong v\u1edbi IBM \u2013 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb MIT v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 20%. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Chang ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a TI bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/a>\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp TSMC Morris Chang ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n do United Daily News t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc, \u0110\u00e0i Loan h\u00f4m 21.4.2021. \u1ea2nh: Bloomberg<\/em><\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean IBM cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p may, h\u1ecd c\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi Chang v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 Chang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn R&D v\u1ec1 transistor d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t germanium v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau \u0111\u00f3 Chang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn do \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch R&D c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ty. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ty g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi Chang n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a TI. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1961 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 30, Chang thi \u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PhD c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford.<\/p>\n

TI kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ecd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m PhD c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Stanford. N\u0103m 1964 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p PhD t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, Chang tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 TI v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 3.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1972, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TI \u2013 t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kinh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed CEO c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho \u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng xa [3].<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp…<\/em><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

_________<\/p>\n

* T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Associate Research Professor) v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quang t\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u00a0Arizona t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0 th\u00e1ng 2.2017. T\u1eeb\u00a02.2017 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ea1i New York, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf (Adjunct Professor) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/span>:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[ 1] https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/ford-outlines-further-productioncuts-due-global-chip-shortage-2021-04-14\/<\/p>\n

[2] https:\/\/medium.com\/connecting-dots\/taiwanese-semiconductor-chips-are-the-new-saudioil-fields-ec89d8102a45<\/p>\n

[3] https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/at-work\/tech-careers\/morris-chang-foundry-father<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong><\/span>. B\u00e0i c\u1ee7a TS Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ecb<\/em>, v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng rosetta.vn. Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MORRIS CHANG NG\u01af\u1edcI G\u1ea6Y D\u1ef0NG N\u1ec0N C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 CHIP B\u00c1N D\u1eaaN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c0I LOAN Nguy\u1ec5n Trung D\u00e2n Hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8490"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8691,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490\/revisions\/8691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosetta.vn\/nguyenxuanxanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}